Introduction to Audiovisual Archives

Today, audiovisual archives and libraries have become very popular especially in the field of collecting, preserving and transmitting cultural heritage. However, the data from these archives or libraries - videos, images, sound tracks, etc. - constitute as such only potential cognitive resources for a given public (or "target community"). They have to undergo more or less significant qualitative transformations in order to become user- or community-relevant intellectual goods. These qualitative transformations are performed through a series of concrete operations such as: audiovisual text segmentation, content description and indexing, pragmatic profiling, translation, etc. These and other operations constitute what we call the semiotic turn in dealing with digital (audiovisual) texts, corpora of texts or even entire (audiovisual) archives and libraries. They demonstrate practically and theoretically the well-known "from data to meta-data" or "from (simple) information to (relevant) knowledge" problem - a problem that obviously directly influences the effective use, the social impact and relevancy and therefore also the future of digital knowledge archives. It constitutes, indeed, the heart of a diversity of important R&D programs and projects all over the world.

Peter Stockinger is Professor at INALCO (National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations) and Director of the ESCoM laboratory (laboratory of cognitive and new media semiotics research) at the Fondation Maison des Sciences de I'Homme (FMSH) in Paris, France.

Introduction	p. xi
Context and Issues	p. 1
The ARA program - a brief historical overview	p. 1
The scientific and cultural heritage of the ARA program	p. 4
The working process	p. 8
Knowledge engineering in the service of the ARA program	p. 14
Some questions	p. 14
Recourse to the semiotics of the audiovisual text	p. 15
Metalanguage of description, models and scenarios	p. 16
Models and scenarios of collection/prodution of audiovisual corpora	p. 18
Models and scenarios for publishing/republishing	p. 19
The digital environment and the working process	p. 21
Analyzing an audiovisual corpus using ASW Studio	p. 26
The Segmentation and Description Workshops for Audiovisual Corpora	p. 31
The Segmentation Workshop for Audiovisual Resources	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
Segmentation of audiovisual corpora-a general presentation	p. 34
Example of segmentation of a scientific interview	p. 36
Example of the segmentation of a conference	p. 38
Exemplication of the segmentation of an amateur video	p. 39
Example of the segmentation of an audiovisual report	p. 40
Other possible segmentations	p. 41
Appropriation of the segmentation workshop	p. 42
Some additional thoughts about segmentation	p. 46
Perspectives relating to the segmentation workshop	p. 46
Description Workshop for Audiovisual Corpora	p. 49
A general overview	p. 49
The "metadescription" part of an audiovisual analysis in ASW Studio: the mark of the editor's choice	p. 51
General overview	p. 53
Focus on the "general" sub-section of metadescription	p. 58
The "identifying information of an audiovisual resource" part in the ASW description workshop	p. 62
Analysis of Audiovisual Expression	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
Analysis of the visual shot	p. 68
General overview	p. 68
General description of the visual shot and analysis procedures	p. 69
Examples of describing the visual shot of an audiovisual text	p. 72
Some specific uses of the analyzed visual shots	p. 77
Analysis of the sound shot	p. 77
General description of the sound shot and analysis procedures	p. 77
Example of analysis of a video described using the sound shot	p. 81
Some uses for sound clips	p. 83
Analysis of the Audiovisual Content	p. 87
Thematic analysis	p. 87
A concrete example of the description of a topic	p. 90
The model of thematic description	p. 98
The objects of thematic analysis	p. 102
Procedures of analysis	p. 107
The different components of a model of thematic description	p. 116
Libraries of models for the description of subjects	p. 121
Uses of an Audiovisual Resource	p. 127
The "Uses" part of the ASW description workshop	p. 127
The "genres" of uses of an audiovisual text	p. 128
The target audience of an audiovisual text	p. 134
Producing a linguistic adaptation of an audiovisual resource	p. 135
Model of an Audiovisual Publication in the form of a Web Portal	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
The Ark Work homepage	p. 144
Thematic access to audiovisual resources	p. 146
Direct accesses to the audiovisual resources	p. 151
Access to the audiovisual resources by thesaurus	p. 156
Contextualization of the video	p. 158
Technological Environment, Development and New Perspectives	p. 169
The ASW Digital Environment	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
General presentation	p. 175
Management of roles and rights	p. 175
The technologies	p. 177
The working process in the ASW environment	p. 179
SemioscapeLibrary	p. 181
The abstraction layers	p. 181
The objects layer	p. 182
The data access layer	p. 191
The data processing layer	p. 192
Semioscape	p. 194
The database194
The Web services	p. 200
Conclusion	p. 201
The ASW Studio	p. 203
Introduction	p. 203
The common libraries	p. 204
SemioscapeResources	p. 204
SemioscapeUserControls	p. 204
SemioscapeData	p. 207
Ontology of work configuration	p. 207
Static ontology	p. 207
Metalexicon of conceptual terms	p. 208
Domain ontologies	p. 208
Listings of the ontologies	p. 209
ESCoM Update	p. 209
ESCoM ffCoder	p. 210
ESCoM OntoEditor	p. 211
ESCoM-INA Interview	p. 212
ESCoM SemioscapeAdmin	p. 214
The ESCoM suite 2011 installer	p. 214
Semiosphere	p. 216
SemiosphereLibrary	p. 218
Customization	p. 218
Multilingualism	p. 219
Site maps	p. 219
Conclusion	p. 220
The Technical Development of the "Web Portal" Publishing Model	p. 225
The notion of "publishing module"	p. 225
RIAs	p. 228
The "Menu" publishing module	p. 233
The "Video player" publishing module	p. 235
The "contextualization of a video" publishing module	p. 236
The "temporal location" publishing module	p. 238
The "geographical location" publishing module	p. 239
The geographical location	p. 240
Conclusion	p. 242
Glossary of Specialized Terms	p. 243
Glossary of Acronyms and Names	p. 263
Bibliography	p. 281
List of Authors	p. 285
Index	p. 287
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