Introduction to Convective Heat Transfer A Software-Based Approach Using Maple and MATLAB

A highly practical intro to solving real-world convective heat transfer problems with MATLAB^® and MAPLE

In Introduction to Convective Heat Transfer, accomplished professor and mechanical engineer Nevzat Onur delivers an insightful exploration of the physical mechanisms of convective heat transfer and an accessible treatment of how to build mathematical models of these physical processes.

Providing a new perspective on convective heat transfer, the book is comprised of twelve chapters, all of which contain numerous practical examples. The book emphasizes foundational concepts and is integrated with explanations of computational programs like MATLAB^® and MAPLE to offer students a practical outlet for the concepts discussed within. The focus throughout is on practical, physical analysis rather than mathematical detail, which helps students learn to use the provided computational tools quickly and accurately.

In addition to a solutions manual for instructors and the aforementioned MAPLE and MATLAB^® files, Introduction to Convective Heat Transfer includes:

• A thorough introduction to the foundations of convective heat transfer, including coordinate systems, and continuum and thermodynamic equilibrium concepts
• Practical explorations of the fundamental equations of laminar convective heat transfer, including integral formulation and differential formulation
• Comprehensive discussions of the equations of incompressible external laminar boundary layers, including laminar flow forced convection and the thermal boundary layer concept
• In-depth examinations of dimensional analysis, including the dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional homogeneity, and dimensionless numbers

Ideal for first-year graduates in mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineering, Introduction to Convective Heat Transfer is also an indispensable resource for practicing engineers in academia and industry in the mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineering fields.

Nevzat Onur is Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Gazi University. He pursued his undergraduate studies in mechanical engineering at the University of California, Davis, U.S.A, where he received B.S. degree in 1974. He then attended the Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, U.S.A, completing M.S. and Ph.D. degree in 1976 and 1980. He taught at different universities in Turkey and he retired from Gazi University in 2011. He has over thirty years’ experience in heat transfer research and development. His research interests have mainly been in viscous flow and convection heat transfer. He lives in Ankara, Turkey.

PREFACE

   1        FOUNDATIONS OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER

                             1.1. Fundamental concepts

                 1.2 Coordinate systems

                 1.3 The continuum and thermodynamic equilibrium concepts

                 1.4 Velocity and acceleration

                 1.5 Description of a fluid motion: Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates and

                   substantial derivative

                                     1.5.1 Lagrangian approach  

                                     1.5.2 Eulerian approach

                 1.6 Substantial derivative

             1.7 Conduction heat transfer

                 1.8 Fluid flow and heat transfer

 1.9 External flow

                                     1.9.1 Velocity boundary layer and Newton’s viscosity relation

                                    1.9.2 Thermal boundary layer                                                                                               

1.10 Internal Flow

                                      1.10.1 Mean velocity

                                      1.10.2 Mean temperature

1.11 Thermal radiation heat transfer

1.12 The Reynolds transport theorem: Time rate of change of an extensive property

        of a system expressed in terms of a fixed finite control volume

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

2             FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF LAMINAR CONVECTIVE HEAT

           TRANSFER

2.1 Introduction

                2.2 Integral Formulation

                     2.2.1 Conservation of mass in integral form

                  2.2.2 Conservation of linear momentum in integral form

                  2.2.3 Conservation of energy in integral form

2.3 Differential formulation of conservation equations

                                    2.3.1. Conservation of mass in differential form

                                    2.3.2 Conservation of linear momentum in differential form

                                    2.3.3. Conservation of energy in differential form

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

3             EQUATIONS OF INCOMPRESSIBLE EXTERNAL LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYERS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Laminar momentum transfer

3.3 The momentum boundary layer concept

3.4 The Thermal boundary layer concept

3.5 Summary of Boundary Layer Equations of Steady Laminar Flow

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

4             INTEGRAL METHODS IN CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER

                               4.1 Introduction

                                 4.2 Conservation of Mass

                               4.3 The momentum integral equation

                                4.4 Alternative form of momentum integral equation

                                4.5 Momentum integral equation for two-dimensional flow

                                4.6 Energy integral equation

                                 4.7 Alternative form of energy integral equation

                                 4.8 Energy integral equation for two-dimensional flow

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

5             DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

               5.1 Introduction

                5.2-Dimensional Analysis

                      5.2.1-Dimensional homogeneity

                      5.2.2 Buckingham   theorem

                      5.2.3 Determination of  Terms

                               5.3 Nondimensionalization of basic differential equations

               5.4 Dimensionless Numbers

               5.5 Correlations of experimental data

               REFERENCES

               PROBLEMS

6             ONE-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTIONS IN COVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Couette Flow

6.3 Poiseuille Flow

6.4 Rotating Flows

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

7              LAMINAR EXTERNAL BOUNDARY LAYERS: MOMENTUM AND HEAT TRANSFER

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Velocity boundary layer over a semi-infinite flat plate: Similarity Solution.

7.3 Momentum transfer over a wedge (Falkner- Skan Wedge Flow):  Similarity

      solution

               7.4 Application of integral methods to momentum transfer problems

        7.4.1 Laminar forced flow over a flat plate with uniform velocity

        7.4.2 Two-dimensional laminar flow over a surface with pressure gradient

                                 (Variable free stream)

7.5 Viscous incompressible constant property parallel flow over a semi-infinite

      flat plate: Similarity solution for uniform wall temperature boundary

      condition

7.6 Low Prandtl number viscous incompressible constant property parallel flow

      over a semi-infinite flat plate: Similarity solutions for uniform wall temperature

      boundary condition

7.7 High Prandtl number viscous incompressible constant property parallel flow

     over a semi-infinite flat plate: Similarity solutions for uniform wall temperature

      boundary condition

7.8 Viscous incompressible constant property parallel flow over a semi-infinite

      flat plate: Similarity solution for uniform heat flux boundary condition

 7.9 Viscous incompressible constant property parallel flow over a semi-infinite

       flat plate: Similarity solutions for variable wall temperature boundary condition

       7.9.1 Superposition principle

7.10 Viscous incompressible constant property flow over a wedge (Falkner-Skan  

         Wedge Flow): Similarity solution for uniform wall temperature boundary

        condition

7.11 Effect of property variation

7.12 Application of integral methods to heat transfer problems

          7.12.1 Viscous flow with constant free stream velocity along a semi-infinite

                       plate under uniform wall temperature: With unheated length or

                       adiabatic segment

          7.12.2 Viscous flow with constant free stream velocity along a semi-infinite

                       plate with uniform wall heat flux: With unheated starting length

                      (Adiabatic segment)

7.13 Superposition principle

         7.13.1 Superposition principle applied to slug flow over a flat plate: Arbitrary

       variation in wall temperature 

        7.13.2 Superposition principle applied to slug flow over a flat plate: Arbitrary

      variation in wall heat flux

        7.13.3 Superposition principle applied to viscous flow over a flat plate: Stepwise

                    variation in wall temperature 

        7.13.4 Superposition principle applied to viscus flow over a flat plate: Stepwise

                    variation in surface heat flux

7.14 Viscous flow over a flat plate with arbitrary surface temperature

7.15 Viscous flow over a flat plate with arbitrarily specified heat flux

7.16 One Parameter Integral Method for incompressible two-dimensional laminar

        flow heat transfer: Variable   and constant  

7.17 One Parameter Integral Method for incompressible laminar flow heat

                        transfer over a constant temperature a body of revolution

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS.

8              LAMINAR INTERNAL FLOW: MOMENTUM AND HEAT TRANSFER

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Momentum transfer

                     8.2.1 Hydrodynamic considerations in ducts

                     8.2.2 Fully developed laminar flow in circular tube

                     8.2.3 Fully developed flow between two infinite parallel plates

8.3 Thermal considerations in ducts

8.4 Heat transfer in entrance region of ducts

                     8.4.1 Circular pipe: Slug flow heat transfer in entrance region

                            8.4.1.1 Heat transfer for low Prandtl number fluid flow (slug flow) in the

                                        entrance region of circular tube subjected to constant wall

                                         temperature

                              8.4.1.2 Heat transfer to low Prandtl number fluid flow (slug flow) in the

                             entrance region of circular tube subjected to constant heat flux

                              8.4.1.3 Empirical and theoretical correlations for viscous flow heat transfer in the

                                      entrance region of circular tube.    

                   8.4.2 Parallel plates: Slug flow heat transfer in entrance region

                              8.4.2.1 Heat transfer to a low Prandtl number fluid (slug flow) in the

                                              entrance region of parallel plates: Both plates are subjected to

                                              constant wall temperatures

                              8.4.2.2 Heat transfer for low Prandtl number fluid flow (slug flow) in the

                                             entrance region of parallel plates: both plates are subjected to

                                             uniform heat flux.

                              8.4.2.3 Heat transfer for low Prandtl number fluid flow (slug flow) in the

                                              entrance region of parallel plates: upper plate is insulated while the

                                              lower plate is subjected to constant wall temperature.

                              8.4.2.4 Heat transfer for low Prandtl number fluid flow (slug flow) in the

                                              entrance region of parallel plates: Upper plate is insulated while the

                                              lower plate is subjected to constant heat flux.

                              8.4.2.5 Empirical and theoretical correlations for viscous flow heat transfer in the

                                      entrance region of parallel plates.

8.5 Fully developed heat transfer

                      8.5.1 Circular tube

                                8.5.1.1 Hydrodynamically fully developed (HFD) and thermally fully

                             developed (TFD) laminar forced convection heat transfer for slug

                             flow in a circular pipe subjected to constant wall heat flux

                                8.5.1.2 Hydrodynamically fully developed (HFD) and thermally fully

                                              developed (TFD) laminar forced convection heat transfer for viscous

                                             flow in a circular tube subjected to constant wall heat flux

              8.5.1.3 Hydrodynamically fully developed (HFD) and thermally fully

                                             developed (TFD) laminar forced convection heat transfer for viscous

                                              flow in a circular tube subjected to constant wall temperature

                8.5.2 Infinite parallel plates

                      8.5.2.1 Hydrodynamically fully developed (HFD) and thermally fully

                                  developed (TFD) laminar forced convection heat transfer for viscous

                                  flow between a parallel plate channel. Both plates are subjected to

                                  constant wall heat flux boundary condition

        8.6 Heat transfer in thermal entrance region

              8.6.1 Circular tube

                       8.6.1.1 Graetz Problem: Hydrodynamically fully developed (HFD) and

                                    thermally developing flow in circular tube under constant wall

                                    temperature boundary condition

                       8.6.1.2 The Leveque solution: Uniform wall temperature boundary  

                       condition

                       8.6.1.3 Graetz Problem: Hydrodynamically fully developed (HFD) and

                                    thermally developing flow in circular tube under uniform wall heat

                                   flux boundary condition

                       8.6.1.4 Empirical and theoretical correlations for viscous flow in thermal entrance

                                    region of pipe

            8.6.2 Two infinite parallel plates  

                     8.6.2.1 Graetz problem: Hydrodynamically fully developed (HFD) and

                                 thermally developing flow between parallel plates subjected to

                                 constant wall temperature

                     8.6.2.2 Graetz Problem: Hydrodynamically fully developed (HFD) and

                                   thermally developing flow between parallel plates subjected to

                                   constant wall heat flux

                     8.6.2.3 Empirical and theoretical correlations for viscous flow in thermal entrance

                                 region of parallel plates

        8.7 Circular pipe with variable surface temperature distribution in the axial direction

        8.8 Circular pipe with variable surface heat flux distribution in the axial direction

         8.9 Short tubes

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

9             TURBULENT FLOWS

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The Reynolds experiment

9.3 Nature of turbulence

9.4 Time averaging and fluctuations

9.5 Isotropic homogeneous turbulence

9.6 Reynolds averaging

9.7 Governing equations of incompressible steady mean turbulent flow

9.8 Turbulent momentum boundary layer equation

9.9 Turbulent energy equation

9.10 Turbulent boundary layer energy equation

9.11 Closure problem of turbulence

9.12 Eddy diffusivity of momentum

9.13 Eddy diffusivity of heat

9.14 Transport equations in cylindrical coordinate system

9.15 Experimental work on the turbulent mean flow

                        9.15.1 Turbulent flow in pipe: Velocity profiles

                       9.15.2 Turbulent flow over a flat plate: Velocity profiles

9.16 Transition to turbulent flow

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

10           TURBULENT EXTERNAL BOUNDARY LAYERS: MOMENTUM AND HEAT TANSFER

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Turbulent momentum boundary layer

                10.3 Turbulence models

                           10.3.1 Zero-equation models

10.4 Turbulent Flow over a flat plate with constant free stream velocity: Couette flow

         approximation

10.5 The Universal velocity profile

                        10.5.1 Three layer ( von Karman ) model for velocity profile

                        10.5.2 Other velocity models

10.6 Approximate solution by integral method for the turbulent momentum

        boundary layer over a flat plate

10.7 Laminar and turbulent boundary layer

10.8 Other eddy diffusivity momentum models

10.9 Turbulent heat transfer

                10.10 Analogy between momentum and heat transfer

                       10.10.1 Reynold’s analogy

                       10.10.2 Chilton-Colburn analogy

                       10.10.3 Prandtl-Taylor analogy

                       10.10.4 Von Karman analogy

                10.11 Some other correlations for turbulent flow over a flat plate           

                                 10.12 Turbulent Flow along a semi-infinite plate with unheated starting length:

                            Constant temperature solution

                                10.13 Flat plate with arbitrarily specified surface temperature

                 10.14 Constant free stream velocity flow along a flat plate with uniform heat

                             flux

                 10.15 Turbulent flow along a semi-infinite plate with arbitrary heat flux

                              distribution

                                10.16 Turbulent transition and overall heat transfer

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

11.          TURBULENT INTERNAL FLOW: MOMENTUM AND HEAT TANSFER

11.1   Introduction

11.2   Momentum transfer

                          11.2.1 Momentum transfer in infinite two parallel plates

                          11.2.2 Momentum transfer in circular pipe flow

11.3    Fully developed turbulent heat transfer

                           11.3.1 Thermally and hydrodynamically fully developed turbulent flow between

                                        parallel plates subjected to uniform heat flux

                          11.3.2 Thermally and hydrodynamically fully developed turbulent flow in a pipe

                                       subjected to uniform heat flux

11.4    Hydrodynamically fully developed thermally developing turbulent heat transfer

           11.4.1 Circular duct with uniform wall temperature

                           11.4.2 Circular duct with uniform wall heat flux

11.5 Analogies for internal flow

                       11.5.1 Reynold’s analogy

                       11.5.2 Colburn analogy

                       11.5.3 Prandtl-Taylor analogy

                       11.5.4 Von Karman analogy

                       11.5.5 The analogy of Kadar and Yaglom

                       11.5.6 The analogy of Yu et al.

                       11.5.7 Martinelli analogy

11.6 Combined entrance region

11.7 Empirical and theoretical correlations for turbulent flow in channels

11.8 Heat transfer in transitional flow

REFERENCES

PROBLEMS

12           FREE CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

12.1     Introduction

12.2     Fundamental equations and dimensionless parameters of free convection

12.3      Scaling in natural convection

12.4     Similarity solution for laminar boundary layer over a for semi-infinite vertical

             flat plate

             12.4.1 Constant wall temperature

                            12.4.2 Uniform Heat Flux

12.5    Integral Method (von Karman-Pohlhausen Method): An approximate analysis of

           laminar free convection on a vertical plate

          12.5.1 Constant wall temperature

                         12.5.2 Uniform Heat Flux

12.6 Turbulent free convection heat transfer on a vertical plate

12.7 Empirical Correlations for Free Convection

                       12.7.1 Vertical Plate

                       12.7.2 Horizontal plate

                       12.7.3 Inclined plates

                       12.7.4 Vertical cylinders

                       12.7.5 Horizontal cylinder

                       12.7.6 Inclined cylinder

                       12.7.7 Free convection from vertical cylinders of small diameter

12.8 Free convection within parallel plate channels

                       12.8.1 Vertical parallel plate channel

                       12.8.2 Horizontal parallel plate channel

                       12.8.3 Inclined parallel plate channel

12.9 Rectangular enclosures

                       12.9.1 Horizontal rectangular enclosure ( )

                       12.9.2 Vertical rectangular enclosure

                       12.9.3 Inclined rectangular enclosure

12.10 Horizontal concentric cylinders

12.11 Concentric spheres

12.12 Spheres

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