Introduction to Digital Professional Mobile

If you are involved in the planning, design, testing, installation, maintenance, sales, or frequency management of digital PMR equipment and systems, this first-of-its-kind book is a smart choice. Written by one of the key developers of PMR, this essential reference provides comprehensive coverage of digital PMR systems, including the standards APCO 25, TETRA and DIIS and the proprietary systems ASTRO, EDACS, iDEN, MOBITEX II and TETRAPOL. Offering unique insight from the author's years of experience working with this technology, the book helps you gain a solid understanding of the transition from analogue to digital PMR. It provides you with methods for estimation coverage distance and bandwidth for digital PMR systems.

Hans-Peter A. Ketterling is a consultant and author in the field of land mobile radio, operating through his consulting enterprise, Mobile Radio Consulting Berlin. He holds a Dipl.-Ing. degree in telecommunications from the Technical University of Berlin

Foreword

xi

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xv

CHAPTER 1 PMR Roots and User Requirements

1

(14)

1.1 Brief Review of Historical PMR Development

1

(4)

1.2 Typical PMR User Groups

5

(1)

1.3 Specific PMR Requirements

6

(4)

1.4 Basic PMR System Configurations

10

(3)

References

13

(2)

CHAPTER 2 Alternatives to PMR

15

(18)

2.1 Traffic Scenarios and Types of Systems

15

(2)

2.2 Competition Between PMR and Public Cellular Systems

17

(7)

2.3 Impact of Advanced GSM Versions and UMTS

24

(2)

2.4 Other Alternatives to PMR

26

(1)

2.5 Basic PMR Market Structure

27

(2)

2.6 Consequences

29

(1)

References

30

(3)

CHAPTER 3 Propagation and Traffic-Related Fundamentals of Digital PMR Technology

33

(50)

3.1 Basic Propagation Models, Static Path Loss, and Link Budget

33

(2)

3.2 Propagation in the Mobile Environment

35

(4)

3.3 Refined Propagation Model for Large Distances

39

(5)

3.4 Static Path Loss for Small, Medium, and Large Distances

44

(3)

3.5 Fading and Shadowing: Dynamic Path Loss

47

(4)

3.6 Specific Problems Related to Multipath Propagation

51

(6)

3.7 Some Specific Propagation Problems with Digital Radio Transmission

57

(5)

3.8 Frequency Economy and Frequency Management

62

(10)

3.9 PMR-Related Frequency Economy Considerations

72

(1)

3.10 System Design and a Short Introduction to Traffic Theory

73

(6)

References

79

(4)

CHAPTER 4 Review of the Basics of Analog PMR Technology

83

(32)

4.1 Classical PMR Frequency Bands and Their Use and Properties

83

(2)

4.2 Analog Modulation Techniques

85

(9)

4.3 Properties of Conventional Analog PMR Equipment

94

(2)

4.4 European Coexistence Standards for PMR

96

(1)

4.5 Modulation-Related Aspects of Analog PMR Equipment Design

97

(5)

4.6 Selective Calling and Slow Data Transmission Systems

102

(7)

4.7 The Path to True Digital PMR Systems

109

(1)

References

110

(5)

CHAPTER 5 Fundamentals of Digital Modulation and Coding

115

(60)

5.1 A Tool for Spectrum Evaluation

115

(4)

5.2 Baseband Pulse Spectrum Evaluation

119

(7)

5.3 Basic Binary Modulation Schemes

126

(9)

5.4 Multilevel and Partial Response Modulation Schemes

135

(6)

5.5 Sophisticated PSK Techniques

141

(5)

5.6 Sensitivity and Cochannel Rejection of Digital Receivers

146

(9)

5.7 Channel Access and Transmitter Keying

155

(8)

5.8 Fundamental Principles of Error Correction and Channel Equalization

163

(4)

5.9 A Short Introduction to Speech Encoding

167

(4)

References

171

(4)

CHAPTER 6 An Overview of TETRA

175

(42)

6.1 General Structure of Modern Digital Mobile Radio Systems

175

(2)

6.2 The ISO-OSI Reference Model

177

(1)

6.3 TETRA Standardization

178

(3)

6.4 General Properties and the Physical Layer of TETRA V+D

181

(13)

6.5 TETRA V+D Services and Key Features

194

(6)

6.6 TETRA DMO

200

(9)

6.7 TETRA PDO

209

(1)

6.8 TETRA Networks

209

(1)

6.9 DAWS, MESA, and Future TETRA Development

210

(3)

References

213

(4)

CHAPTER 7 European and American Standardized Digital PMR Systems

217

(20)

7.1 DSRR: The First Attempt at Digital PMR Standardization

217

(1)

7.2 DITS: The New Digital FDMA Standard for PMR

218

(6)

7.3 Narrowband PMR

224

(2)

7.4 APCO 25: The North American PMR Standard

226

(7)

7.5 Comparison of Standardized PMR Systems

233

(1)

7.6 Perspectives of Standardized PMR Systems

233

(2)

References

235

(2)

CHAPTER 8 Proprietary Digital PMR Systems

237

(24)

8.1 ASTRO

237

(2)

8.2 EDACS

239

(2)

8.3 iDEN

241

(2)

8.4 Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio

243

(1)

8.5 TETRAPOL

244

(6)

8.6 Narrowband Systems and RVE

250

(2)

8.7 PMR Systems for Data Transmission: ARDIS, MOBITEX, and MODACOM

252

(4)

8.8 Other Digital PMR Systems

256

(1)

8.9 Comparison of Selected Nonstandardized Digital PMR Systems

257

(1)

8.10 Perspectives of Proprietary Digital PMR Systems

257

(2)

References

259

(2)

CHAPTER 9 Specific PMR Topics

261

(28)

9.1 Methods of Measurement for PMR Equipment

261

(1)

9.2 Properties of Digital PMR Systems in Comparison to Analog PMR

262

(8)

9.3 Interference Scenarios and the Near-Far Problem

270

(3)

9.4 Comparison of FDMA with TDMA

273

(4)

9.5 Shared Use of Channels

277

(1)

9.6 Frequency Band Refarming: The European Frequency Allocation Table

278

(1)

9.7 Migration from Analog to Digital PMR Technology

279

(3)

9.8 EMC Issues and Health Risks

282

(2)

References

284

(5)

CHAPTER 10 Outlook: PMR in the Decade Until 2010

289

(14)

10.1 The Driving Forces

289

(3)

10.2 Future Development of Radio Communication Technology

292

(2)

10.3 Long-Term Prospects of Digital PMR

294

(4)

References

298

(5)

Acronyms and Abbreviations

303

(18)

About the Author

321

(2)

Index

323

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