Introduction to Electric Circuits

First published in 1959, this classic work has been used as a core text by hundreds of thousands of college and university students enrolled in introductory circuit analysis courses. Acclaimed for its clear, concise explanations of difficult concepts, its comprehensive problem sets andexercises, and its authoritative coverage, this new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated with the latest developments in the field. With an entirely new chapter on filters; extensive new coverage of AC and DC motors and generators; a wealth of new exercises, diagrams, and photos; and over150 Multisim circuit simulations on an accompanying CD, this ninth edition is the essential text for introducing electric circuits.

Herbert W. Jackson published the first edition of Introduction to Electric Circuits in 1959. Jackson taught electronics and electrical engineering technology for over forty years. In addition, Jackson was a member of the Ontario Ministry of Education, where he oversaw the creation of the province's community colleges.

Dale Temple teaches electronics engineering technology at the College of the North Atlantic, where he has served as coordinator of the electronics program.

Brian Kelly is formerly an instructor at the College of the North Atlantic, where, in addition to teaching, he served as coordinator for the introductory circuit analysis course. Kelly created the lab manual and solutions manual that accompany the text.

From the Publisher
From the Preface to the First Edition (1959)
From the Authors of the Eighth Edition
Part I The Basic Electric Circuit
1. Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
1-1 Circuit Diagrams
1-2 The International System of Units
1-3 Calculators for Circuit Theory
1-4 Numerical Accuracy
1-5 Scientific Notation
1-6 SI Unit Prefixes
1-7 Conversion of Units
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
2. Current and Voltage
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
2-1 The Nature of Charge
2-2 Free Electrons in Metals
2-3 Electric Current
2-4 The Coulomb
2-5 The Ampere
2-6 Potential Difference
2-7 The Volt
2-8 EMF, Potential Difference, and Voltage
2-9 Conventional Current and Electron Flow
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
3. Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
3-1 Conductors
3-2 Electrolytic Conduction
3-3 Insulators
3-4 Insulator Breakdown
3-5 Semiconductors
Summary
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
4. Cells, Batteries, and Other Voltage Sources
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
4-1 Basic Terminology
4-2 Simple Primary Cell
4-3 Carbon-Zinc and Alkaline Cells
4-4 Other Commercial Primary Cells
4-5 Secondary Cells
4-6 Capacity of Cells and Batteries
4-7 Fuel Cells
4-8 Other Voltage Sources
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
5. Resistance and Ohm's Law
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
5-1 Ohm's Law
5-2 The Nature of Resistance
5-3 Factors Governing Resistance
5-4 Resistivity
5-5 Circular Mils
5-6 American Wire Gauge
5-7 Effect of Temperature on Resistance
5-8 Temperature Coefficient of Resistance
5-9 Linear Resistors
5-10 Nonlinear Resistors
5-11 Resistor Color Code
5-12 Variable Resistors
5-13 Voltage-Current Characteristics
5-14 Applying Ohm's Law
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
6. Work and Power
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
6-1 Energy and Work
6-2 Power
6-3 Efficiency
6-4 The Kilowatt Hour
6-5 Relationships Among Basic Electric Units
6-6 Heating Effect of Current
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
Part II Resistance Networks
7. Series and Parallel Circuits
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
7-1 Resistors in Series
7-2 Voltage Drops in Series Circuits
7-3 Double-Subscript Notation
7-4 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
7-5 Characteristics of Series Circuits
7-6 Internal Resistance
7-7 Cells in Series
7-8 Maximum Power Transfer
7-9 Resistors in Parallel
7-10 Kirchhoff's Current Law
7-11 Conductance and Conductivity
7-12 Characteristics of Parallel Circuits
7-13 Cells in Parallel
7-14 Troubleshooting
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
8. Series-Parallel Circuits
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
8-1 Series-Parallel Resistors
8-2 Equivalent-Circuit Method
8-3 Kirchhoff's Laws Method
8-4 Voltage-Divider Principle
8-5 Voltage Dividers
8-6 Current-Divider Principle
8-7 Cells in Series-Parallel
8-8 Troubleshooting
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
9. Resistance Networks
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
9-1 Network Equations from Kirchhoff's Laws
9-2 Constant-Voltage Sources
9-3 Constant-Current Sources
9-4 Source Conversion
9-5 Kirchhoff's Voltage-Law Equations: Loop Procedure
9-6 Networks with More Than One Voltage Source
9-7 Loop Equations in Multisource Networks
9-8 Mesh Analysis
9-9 Kirchhoff's Current-Law Equations
9-10 Nodal Analysis
9-11 The Superposition Theorem
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
10. Equivalent-Circuit Theorems
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
10-1 Thevenin's Theorem
10-2 Norton's Theorem
10-3 Dependent Sources
10-4 Delta-Wye Transformation
10-5 Troubleshooting
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
11. Electrical Measurement
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
11-1 Moving-Coil Meters
11-2 The Ammeter
11-3 The Voltmeter
11-4 Voltmeter Loading Effect
11-5 Resistance Measurement
11-6 The Electrodynamometer Movement
11-7 Digital Meters
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
Part III Capacitance and Inductance
12. Capacitance
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
12-1 Electric Fields
12-2 Dielectrics
12-3 Capacitance
12-4 Capacitors
12-5 Factors Governing Capacitance
12-6 Dielectric Constant
12-7 Capacitors in Parallel
12-8 Capacitors in Series
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
13. Capacitance in DC Circuits
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
13-1 Charging a Capacitor
13-2 Rate of Change of Voltage
13-3 Time Constant
13-4 Graphical Solution for Capacitor Voltage
13-5 Discharging a Capacitor
13-6 Algebraic Solution for Capacitor Voltage
13-7 Transient Response
13-8 Energy Stored by a Capacitor
13-9 Characteristics of Capacitive DC Circuits
13-10 Troubleshooting
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
14. Magnetism
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
14-1 Magnetic Fields
14-2 Magnetic Field around a Current-Carrying Conductor
14-3 Magnetic Flux
14-4 Magnetomotive Force
14-5 Reluctance
14-6 Permeance and Permeability
14-7 Magnetic Flux Density
14-8 Magnetic Field Strength
14-9 Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, and Ferromagnetic Materials
14-10 Permanent Magnets
14-11 Magnetization Curves
14-12 Permeability from the BH Curve
14-13 Hysteresis
14-14 Eddy Current
14-15 Magnetic Shielding
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
15. Magnetic Circuits
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
15-1 Practical Magnetic Circuits
15-2 Long Air-Core Coils
15-3 Toroidal Coils
15-4 Linear Magnetic Circuits
15-5 Nonlinear Magnetic Circuits
15-6 Leakage Flux
15-7 Series Magnetic Circuits
15-8 Air Gaps
15-9 Parallel Magnetic Circuits
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
16. Inductance
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
16-1 Electromagnetic Induction
16-2 Faraday's Law
16-3 Lenz's Law
16-4 Self-Induction
16-5 Self-Inductance
16-6 Factors Governing Inductance
16-7 Inductors in Series
16-8 Inductors in Parallel
16-9 The DC Generator
16-10 Simple Generators
16-11 Simple DC Generators
16-12 EMF Equation
16-13 The CD Motor
16-14 Speed and Torque of a DC Motor
16-15 Types of DC Motors
16-16 Speed Characteristics of DC Motors
16-17 Torque Characteristics of DC Motors
16-18 Permanent Magnet and Brushes of DC Motors
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
17. Inductance in DC Circuits
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
17-1 Current in an Ideal Inductor
17-2 Rise of Current in a Practical Inductor
17-3 Time Constant
17-4 Graphical Solution for Inductor Current
17-5 Algebraic Solution for Inductor Current
17-6 Energy Stored by an Inductor
17-7 Fall of Current in an Inductive Circuit
17-8 Algebraic Solution for Discharge Current
17-9 Transient Response
17-10 Characteristics of Inductive DC Circuits
17-11 Troubleshooting
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
Part IV Alternating Current
18. Alternating Current
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
18-1 A Simple Generator
18-2 The Nature of the Induced Voltage
18-3 The Sine Wave
18-4 Peak Value of a Sine Wave
18-5 Instantaneous Value of a Sine Wave
18-6 The Radian
18-7 Instantaneous Current in a Resistor
18-8 Instantaneous Power in a Resistor
18-9 Periodic Waves
18-10 Average Value of a Periodic Wave
18-11 RMS Value of a Sine Wave
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
19. Reactance
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
19-1 Instantaneous Current in an Ideal Inductor
19-2 Inductive Reactance
19-3 Factors Governing Inductive Reactance
19-4 Instantaneous Current in a Capacitor
19-5 Capacitive Reactance
19-6 Factors Governing Capacitive Reactance
19-7 Resistance, Inductive Reactance, and Capacitive Reactance
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
20. Phasors
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
20-1 Addition of Sine Waves
20-2 Addition of Instantaneous Values
20-3 Representing a Sine Wave by a Phasor Diagram
20-4 Letter Symbols for Phasor Quantities
20-5 Phasor Addition by Geometrical Construction
20-6 Addition of Perpendicular Phasors
20-7 Expressing Phasors with Complex Numbers
20-8 Phasor Addition by Rectangular Coordinates
20-9 Subtraction of Phasor Quantities
20-10 Multiplication and Division of Phasor Quantities
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
21. Impedance
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
21-1 Resistance and Inductance in Series
21-2 Impedance
21-3 Practical Inductors
21-4 Resistance and Capacitance in Series
21-5 Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance in Series
21-6 Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance in Parallel
21-7 Conductance, Susceptance, and Admittance
21-8 Impedance and Admittance
21-9 Troubleshooting
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
22. Power in Alternating-Current Circuits
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
22-1 Power in a Resistor
22-2 Power in an Ideal Inductor
22-3 Power in a Capacitor
22-4 Power in a Circuit Containing Resistance and Reactance
22-5 The Power Triangle
22-6 Power Factor
22-7 Power Factor Correction
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
PART V Impedance Networks
23. Series and Parallel Impedances
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
23-1 Resistance and Impedance
23-2 Impedances in Series
23-3 Impedances in Parallel
23-4 Series-Parallel Impedances
23-5 Source Conversion
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
24. Impedance Networks
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
24-1 Loop Equations
24-2 Mesh Equations
24-3 Superposition Theorem
24-4 Thevenin's Theorem
24-5 Norton's Theorem
24-6 Nodal Analysis
24-7 Delta-Wye Transformation
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
25. Resonance
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
25-1 Effect of Varying Frequency in a Series RLC Circuit
25-2 Series Resonance
25-3 Quality Factor
25-4 Resonant Rise of Voltage
25-5 Selectivity
25-6 Ideal Parallel-Resonant Circuits
25-7 Practical Parallel-Resonant Circuits
25-8 Selectivity of Parallel-Resonant Circuits
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
26. Passive Filters
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
26-1 Filters
26-2 Frequency Response Graphs
26-3 RC Low-Pass Filters
26-4 RL Low-Pass Filters
26-5 RC High-Pass Filters
26-6 RL High-Pass Filters
26-7 Band-Pass Filters
26-8 Band-Stop Filters
26-9 Troubleshooting
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
27. Transformers
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
27-1 Transformer Action
27-2 Transformation Ratio
27-3 Impedance Transformation
27-4 Leakage Reactance
27-5 Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Tests
27-6 Transformer Efficiency
27-7 Effect of Loading a Transformer
27-8 Autotransformers
27-9 Troubleshooting
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
28. Coupled Circuits
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
28-1 Determining Coupling Network Parameters
28-2 Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters
28-3 Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters
28-4 Hybrid Parameters
28-5 Air-Core Transformers
28-6 Mutual Inductance
28-7 Coupled Impedance
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
29. Three-Phase Systems
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
29-1 Advantages of Polyphase Systems
29-2 Generation of Three-Phase Voltages
29-3 Double-Subscript Notation
29-4 Four-Wire Wye-Connected System
29-5 Delta-Connected Systems
29-6 Wye-Delta System
29-7 Power in a Balanced Three-Phase System
29-8 Phase Sequence
29-9 Unbalanced Three-Wire Wye Loads
29-10 The AC Generator
29-11 The Three-Phase Induction Motor
29-12 The Three-Phase Synchronous Motor
29-13 Single-Phase Motors
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
30. Harmonics
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
30-1 Nonsinusoidal Waves
30-2 Fourier Series
30-3 Addition of Harmonically Related Sine Waves
30-4 Generation of Harmonics
30-5 Harmonics in an Amplifier
30-6 Harmonics in an Iron-Core Transformer
30-7 RMS Value of a Nonsinusoidal Wave
30-8 Square Waves and Sawtooth Waves
30-9 Nonsinusoidal Waves in Linear Impedance Networks
Summary
Problems
Review Questions
Integrate the Concepts
Practice Quiz
Appendices
1 Determinants
2 Calculus Derivations
2-1 Maxium Power-Transfer Theorem
2-2 Instantaneous Voltage in a CR Circuit
2-3 Energy Stored by a Capacitor
2-4 Instantaneous Current in an LR Circuit
2-5 Energy Stored by an Inductor
2-6 RMS and Average Values of a Sine Wave
2-7 Inductive Reactance
2-8 Capacitive Reactance
2-9 General Transformer Equation
2-10 Maximum Transformer Efficiency
3 Multisim Schematic Capture and Simulation
Glossary
Answers to Selected Problems
Index