Introduction to Fluid Power

- schematics feature flow paths traced in color, so that readers can learn to read schematics while gaining an understanding of basic circuit operations- equations and examples for US Customary and Sl (Metric) units are given separately, providing the flexibility to cover both systems or place more emphasis on one vs. the other- component specifications sections are featured in each; chapter, offering insight into how components are evaluated and selected from manufacturers' catalogs

Preface

viii

An Introduction to Fluid Power

Fluid Power Defined

2

(1)

Hydraulics versus Pneumatics

2

(1)

Standards

3

(1)

Applications

3

(1)

The Fluid Power Industry

4

(1)

Units

5

(1)

Review Questions

5

(3)

Basic Principles of Hydraulics

Introduction

8

(1)

Pascal's Law

8

(6)

Transmission and Multiplication of Force

14

(5)

Basic Properties of Hydraulic Fluids

19

(7)

Liquid Flow

26

(19)

Static Head Pressure

45

(2)

Pressure Losses

47

(1)

Power

48

(3)

Hydraulic Systems

51

(1)

Equations

52

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

53

(5)

Hydraulic Pumps

Introduction

58

(1)

Pump Flow and Pressure

58

(5)

Pump Drive Torque and Power

63

(4)

Pump Efficiency

67

(6)

Pump Types

73

(14)

Prressure-Compensated Pumps

87

(1)

Cavitation and Aeration

88

(1)

Graphic Symbols

88

(2)

Pump Specifications

90

(8)

Equations

98

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

99

(5)

Hydraulic Cylinders

Introduction

104

(3)

Cylinder Force

107

(5)

Cylinder Speed

112

(6)

Cylinder Power

118

(3)

Differential Flow

121

(3)

Cylinder Types

124

(6)

Graphic Symbols

130

(2)

Cylinder Applications

132

(10)

Cylinder Specifications

142

(4)

Equations

146

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

147

(7)

Hydraulic Motors

Introduction

154

(1)

Motor Types

154

(7)

Motor Torque

161

(2)

Motor Speed

163

(3)

Motor Power

166

(1)

Motor Efficiency

167

(5)

Graphic Symbols

172

(2)

Motor Applications

174

(2)

Motor Specifications

176

(6)

Equations

182

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

183

(5)

Hydraulic Directional Control

Introduction

188

(1)

Check Valves

188

(2)

Chuttle Valves

190

(3)

Two-way Directional Control Valves

193

(5)

Three-way Directional Control Valves

198

(6)

Four-way Directional Control Valves

204

(14)

Directional Control Valve Actuation

218

(6)

Circuits

224

(10)

Directional Control Valve Mounting

234

(4)

Directional Control Valve Specifications

238

(2)

Equations

240

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

241

(3)

Hydraulic Pressure Control

Introduction

244

(1)

Pressure Relief Valves

244

(9)

Unloading Valves

253

(2)

Pressure Reducing Valves

255

(3)

Sequence Valves

258

(7)

Counterbalance Valves

265

(3)

Brake Valves

268

(1)

Pressure-compensated Pumps

269

(6)

Pressure Control Valve Mounting

275

(1)

Pressure Control Valve Specifications

276

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

276

(4)

Hydraulic Flow Control

Introduction

280

(1)

Flow Control Valve Types

280

(4)

Flow Coefficient

284

(3)

Circuits

287

(11)

Cushioned Cylinders

298

(2)

Flow Dividers

300

(4)

Flow Control Valve Specifications

304

(2)

Equations

306

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

307

(3)

Ancillary Hydraulic Components

Introduction

310

(1)

Accumulators

310

(11)

Intensifiers

321

(4)

Reservoirs

325

(4)

heat Exchangers

329

(4)

Filters

333

(9)

Instrumentation and Measurement

342

(5)

Conduits and Fittings

347

(14)

Seals and Bearings

361

(8)

Hydraulic Fluids

369

(2)

Equations

371

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

372

(4)

Basic Principles of Pneumatics

Introduction

376

(2)

Absolute Pressure and Temperature

378

(1)

Gas Laws

379

(10)

Gas Flow

389

(1)

Vacuum

390

(4)

Pneumatic Systems

394

(2)

Equations

396

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

396

(4)

Penumatic Power Supply

Introduction

400

(1)

Compressor Types

401

(6)

Compressor Sizing

407

(5)

Vacuum Pumps

412

(1)

Equations

413

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

414

(2)

Pneumatic Components

Introduction

416

(1)

Pneumatic Cylinders

417

(7)

Pneumatic Motors

424

(2)

Other Pneumatic Actuators

426

(1)

Pneumatic Directional Control Valves

427

(18)

Pneumatic Flow Control Valves

445

(3)

Air Preparation

448

(8)

Air Distribution

456

(1)

Equations

457

(1)

Review Questions and Problems

457

(3)

Electronic Control of Fluid Power

Introduction

460

(2)

Solenoid Valves

462

(5)

Proportional and Servo Valves

467

(5)

Pump Controls

472

(1)

Review Questions

473

(2)

Appendix A Nomenclature and Common Units

475

(2)

Appendix B Metric (SI) Prefixes and Conversion Factors

477

(3)

B.1 Metric (SI) Prefixes

477

(1)

B.2 Conversion Factors

477

(1)

B.3 How To Use Conversion Factors

478

(2)

Appendix C Equations

480

(7)

Appendix D Graphic Symbols

487

(10)

Glossary

497

(4)

Index

501

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Introduction to Fluid Power

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials