Introduction to Formal Logic

Rigorous yet intuitive and accessible, Introduction to Formal Logic provides a focused, "nuts-and-bolts" introduction to formal deductive logic that covers syntax, semantics, translation, and natural deduction for propositional and predicate logics.

For instructors who want to go beyond a basic introduction to explore the connection between formal logic techniques and philosophy, Oxford also publishes Introduction to Formal Logic with Philosophical Applications, an extended version of this text that incorporates two chapters of stand-alone essays on logic and its application in philosophy and beyond.

Russell Marcus is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Hamilton College.

Preface
Chapter 1. Introducing Logic
1.1: Defining "Logic"
1.2: Logic and Languages
1.3: A Short History of Logic
1.4: Separating Premises from Conclusions
1.5: Validity and Soundness
Key Terms
Chapter 2. Propositional Logic: Syntax and Semantic
2.1: Logical Operators and Translation
2.2: Syntax of PL: Wffs and Main Operators
2.3: Semantics of PL: Truth Functions
2.4: Truth Tables
2.5: Classifying Propositions
2.6: Valid and Invalid Arguments
2.7: Indirect Truth Tables
Key Terms
Chapter 3. Inference in Propositional Logic
3.1: Rules of Inference 1
3.2: Rules of Inference 2
3.3: Rules of Equivalence 1
3.4: Rules of Equivalence 2
3.5: Practice with Derivations
3.6: The Biconditional
3.7: Conditional Proof
3.8: Logical Truths
3.9: Indirect Proof
3.10: Chapter Review
Key Terms
Chapter 4. Monadic Predicate Logic
4.1: Introducing Predicate Logic
4.2: Translation Using M
4.3: Syntax for M
4.4: Derivations in M
4.5: Quantifier Exchange
4.6: Conditional and Indirect Proof in M
4.7: Semantics for M
4.8: Invalidity in M
Key Terms
Chapter 5. Full First-Order Logic
5.1: Translation Using Relational Predicates
5.2: Syntax, Semantics, and Invalidity in F
5.3: Derivations in F
5.4: The Identity Predicate: Translation
5.5: The Identity Predicate: Derivations
5.6: Translation with Functions
5.7: Derivations with Functions
Key Terms
Appendix on Fallacies and Argumentation
Appendix on the Logical Equivalence of the Rules of Equivalence