An Introduction to French Pronunciation

An Introduction to French Pronunciation is a comprehensive and accessible guide to current French pronunciation. enables students to not only to hear the language, but to know what to listen for includes chapters on the general principles of French phonetics and regional variations in the pronunciation of French includes discussion of vowels, semi-consonants, consonants, rhythmic groups, the syllable, liaison and intonation written by a leading figure in the field, the author of A Comprehensive French Grammar (Blackwell, 2003)

Glanville Price is Emeritus Professor of French at the University of Wales Aberystwyth. His publications include Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe(Blackwell 1998), Languages in Britain and Ireland(Blackwell 2000), and A Comprehensive French Grammar (Fifth Edition, Blackwell, 2003).

Preface

x

1 General Considerations

1

(12)

1.1 Introduction

1

(4)

1.2 Sounds, Phonemes and Allophones

5

(4)

1.3 Suprasegmental Features

9

(1)

1.4 The Articulation of French

9

(1)

1.5 The Organization of this Book

10

(1)

1.6 References and Further Reading

11

(1)

1.7 Phonetic Symbols

11

(2)

2 The Production of Speech

13

(6)

2.1 Introduction

13

(1)

2.2 The Vocal Cords and Voice

13

(3)

2.3 Articulators

16

(1)

2.4 Active Articulators

16

(1)

2.5 Passive Articulators

17

(1)

2.6 Terminology

18

(1)

3 The Articulation of French

19

(2)

3.1 Articulatory Tension

19

(1)

3.2 Pure Vowels

19

(2)

4 The Vowel Phonemes

21

(6)

4.1 Principles of Classification

21

(1)

4.2 Point of Articulation

21

(1)

4.3 The Height of the Tongue or the Degree of Aperture

22

(1)

4.4 Lip Configuration

22

(1)

4.5 Orality or Nasality

23

(1)

4.6 Classification and IPA Symbols

23

(1)

4.7 Front Unrounded Vowels

23

(1)

4.8 Front Rounded Vowels

24

(1)

4.9 Mute e

24

(1)

4.10 Back Rounded Vowels

25

(1)

4.11 Nasal Vowels

25

(1)

4.12 Summary Table

26

(1)

5 The Semi-Consonants

27

(2)

5.1 General

27

(2)

6 The Consonant Phonemes

29

(7)

6.1 Principles of Classification

29

(1)

6.2 Point of Articulation

29

(1)

6.3 Manner (or Mode) of Articulation

30

(1)

6.4 Presence or Absence of Voice

31

(1)

6.5 Classification and IPA Symbols

32

(1)

6.6 Stops

33

(1)

6.7 Fricatives

33

(1)

6.8 Lateral

34

(1)

6.9 Nasals

34

(1)

6.10 r-Sounds

34

(1)

6.11 Summary Table

35

(1)

7 The Rhythmic Group

36

(5)

7.1 Introduction

36

(1)

7.2 The Different Types of Group

36

(1)

7.3 The Rhythmic Group

37

(2)

7.4 The Rhythmic Group and the Word

39

(2)

8 The Syllable

41

(4)

8.1 Introduction

41

(1)

8.2 The Rules of Syllabification

42

(1)

8.3 Syllabification within the Sense Group

43

(1)

8.4 Closed and Open Syllables

43

(1)

8.5 Syllable-Timing and Stress-Timing

44

(1)

9 Stress

45

(8)

9.1 Normal Stress

45

(1)

9.2 Emphatic Stress

46

(1)

9.3 Contrastive Stress

47

(1)

9.4 Normal Stress in French

48

(1)

9.5 Emphatic Stress in French

49

(2)

9.6 Contrastive Stress in French

51

(1)

9.7 Other Types of Stress

52

(1)

10 The Vowels in Detail

53

(23)

10.1 Introduction

53

(1)

10.2 /i/ - High Front Unrounded

54

(1)

10.3 /y/ - High Front Rounded

54

(1)

10.4 /u/ - High Back Rounded

55

(1)

10.5 The Three Pairs of Mid-Vowels

56

(1)

10.6 /e/ - High-Mid Front Unrounded; /epsilon/ - Low-Mid Front Unrounded

56

(4)

10.7 /Ø/ - High-Mid Front Rounded; /œ/ - Low-Mid Front Rounded

60

(3)

10.8 /o/ - High-Mid Back Rounded; / / - Low-Mid Back Rounded

63

(4)

10.9 /a/ - Low Front Unrounded; /α/ - Low Back Rounded

67

(3)

10.10 The Nasal Vowels

70

(3)

10.11 Unvoicing of Vowels

73

(1)

10.12 Canadianisms

74

(2)

11 Mute e

76

(12)

11.1 Introduction

76

(2)

11.2 Four Simple 'Rules'

78

(2)

11.3 An Expansion of the Four 'Rules'

80

(1)

11.4 Rule 1

81

(1)

11.5 Rule 2

81

(2)

11.6 Rule 3

83

(1)

11.7 Rule 4

84

(2)

11.8 Three or More Mute es in Succession

86

(1)

11.9 Miscellaneous Points

86

(2)

12 Vowel Length

88

(6)

12.1 Introduction

88

(1)

12.2 Five Simple Rules

89

(1)

12.3 Rule 1

90

(1)

12.4 Rule 2

90

(1)

12.5 Rule 3

90

(1)

12.6 Rule 4

91

(1)

12.7 Rule 5

91

(1)

12.8 Is Vowel Length Ever Phonemic in French?

92

(1)

12.9 Other Possible Pronunciations

93

(1)

13 The Semi-Consonants in Detail

94

(6)

13.1 Introduction

94

(1)

13.2 /i/ or /j/ after a Vowel?

94

(1)

13.3 /j/, /l/ or /ll/ after /i/?

94

(1)

13.4 Intervocalic /j/

95

(1)

13.5 /q/

96

(1)

13.6 / / and /w/

97

(1)

13.7 Vowel or Semi-Consonant?

97

(3)

14 The Consonants in Detail: (I) Stops

100

(6)

14.1 Introduction

100

(1)

14.2 Mode of Articulation (General)

100

(1)

14.3 French and English Stops

101

(2)

14.4 Point of Articulation

103

(1)

14.5 A Canadianism

104

(1)

14.6 The Glottal Stop

104

(2)

15 The Consonants in Detail: (II) Fricatives

106

(3)

15.1 French and English Fricatives

106

(1)

15.2 Manner of Articulation

106

(1)

15.3 Point of Articulation

107

(2)

16 The Consonants in Detail: (III) /r/, /l/ and the Nasals

109

(8)

16.1 The Varieties of French /r/

109

(2)

16.2 The Lateral Consonant /l/

111

(1)

16.3 The Nasal Consonants /m/, /n/, and /η/ and /η/

112

(2)

16.4 The Release of Final Consonants

114

(1)

16.5 Voiceless /l/ and /r/

114

(2)

16.6 Voiceless /m/

116

(1)

17 Gemination

117

(5)

17.1 Long Consonants and Geminate Consonants

117

(2)

17.2 French Geminates

119

(3)

18 Consonantal Assimilation

122

(7)

18.1 Introduction

122

(2)

18.2 Regressive Assimilation of. Fortes and Lenes

124

(2)

18.3 Progressive Assimilation

126

(1)

18.4 Assimilation to Vowels

127

(2)

19 Liaison

129

(16)

19.1 Origins

129

(2)

19.2 The Problem

131

(1)

19.3 The Liaison Forms

132

(4)

19.4 Words Having No Special Liaison Form

136

(1)

19.5 Compulsory Liaison

137

(3)

19.6 Generally Acceptable Liaison

140

(2)

19.7 No Liaison

142

(3)

20 Intonation

145

(12)

20.1 Introduction

145

(2)

20.2 Types of Utterance

147

(1)

20.3 Declarative Sentences

148

(3)

20.4 Yes-No Questions

151

(1)

20.5 Wh-Questions

152

(1)

20.6 Imperative Sentences

153

(2)

20.7 Level Intonation

155

(2)

References and Further Reading

157

(2)

Index

159

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An Introduction to French Pronunciation

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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An Introduction to French Pronunciation

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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