Introduction to Human Communication Perception, Meaning, and Identity

Introduction to Human Communication shows how effective communication is central to shared meaning-making, identity construction and maintenance, and responsible interaction with the world. In an inviting and engaging style, Beauchamp and Baran provide the most current and complete survey of the discipline. They cover the basics of communication theory and research with vivid examples while providing practical tools to help students become more thoughtful, confident, and ethical communicators. The text demonstrates the relevance of communication to our everyday lives and invites students to apply what they learn in a broad variety of contexts, including mass communication, organizational communication, health communication, and social media.

CONTENTS

Preface
PART 1 FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER 1 The Communication Process: Perception, Meaning, and Identity
THE PROCESS OF MEANING-MAKING
From Transmission to Constitutive Models of Communication
THE POWER OF CULTURE
COMMUNICATION AND PERCEPTION
SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
Representational and Presentational Communication
COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY
Symbolic Interaction and the Looking Glass
Frame Analysis
WHAT DOES COMMUNICATION GIVE YOU THE POWER TO DO?
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
Thumbnail Theory: Symbolic Interaction and the Looking Glass
Thumbnail Theory: Frame Analysis
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Communicating Well To Land That Job
Box: Introduction to Ethical Communication
Box: Introduction to Personally Responsible Communication
Box: Introduction to Socially Responsible Communication

CHAPTER 2 Communication Research and Inquiry
DEFINING THEORY
Scientific Inquiry
THREE PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS THAT SHAPE SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
DIFFERENT TRADITIONS OF COMMUNICATION INQUIRY
Postpositivst Theory and Research
Interpretive Theory and Research
Critical Theory and Research
TOOLS OF OBSERVATION-DIFFERENT RESEARCH METHODS
Experiments
Surveys
Textual Analysis
Mixing Methods and Traditions
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Communication Inquiry Needs to Be Bigger!
Box: Communication in the Workplace: The Benefits of Critical Thinking
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Solving Not-So-Well-Posed Problems
Box: Ethical Communication: Where Do You Draw the Line?

CHAPTER 3 Verbal Communication
THE STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Metaphor
The Ladder of Abstraction
THE FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE AND MEANING MAKING
Situational, Social, and Cultural Meaning
Syntactic Ambiguity
Euphemisms
LANGUAGE AND PROTECTING SELF-IDENTITY: POLITENESS THEORY
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Thumbnail Theory: Theory of Metaphor
Thumbnail Theory: The Ladder of Abstraction
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: WAR! What is it Good For?
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Speaking Well to do Well
Box: Ethical Communication: Lying
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Speaking Inclusively

CHAPTER 4 Nonverbal Communication
WHAT IS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION?
Verbal Communication versus Nonverbal Communication
THEORY OF NONVERBAL CODING SYSTEMS
Framing Verbal Interactions
TYPES OF NONVERBAL CODING SYSTEMS
THE ROLE OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN MEANING MAKING AND IDENTITY
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Box: Ethical Communication: Freedom of Expression versus Professional Attractiveness
Box: Communication in the Workplace: On-The-Job Nonverbal Communication
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Touching in the Workplace
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: How We Spend Our Time

CHAPTER 5 Listening
WHAT IS LISTENING?
The Importance of Listening
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT LISTENING
THE COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE LISTENING
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING
Physical Noise
Psychological Noise
Physiological Noise
Semantic Noise
External Distractions
Counterproductive Listening Styles
TYPES OF LISTENING
BECOMING AN EFFECTIVE LISTENER
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: The HURIER Model of Listening
Box: Communication in the Workplace: The 80/20 Rule
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Being an Active Listener
Box: Ethical Communication: The Ethics of Listening
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Questioning Our Cultural Speakers

PART 2 COMMUNICATION CONTEXTS

CHAPTER 6 Relational and Conflict Communication
THE VALUE OF RELATIONSHIPS
The Provisions of Relationships
THE ROLE OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Social Penetration Theory
Social Exchange Theory
Relational Dialectics Theory
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AND CONFLICT
Types of Conflict
Stages of Interpersonal Conflict
Conflict Management Styles
RESOLVING CONFLICT: WHAT TO DO AND WHAT NOT TO DO
What to Do
What Not to Do
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
Thumbnail Theory: Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Social Penetration Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Social Exchange Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Relational Dialectics Theory
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Mastering the Soft Skills
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: It Takes Two to Tango, but Someone Has to Lead
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Beauty is Only Screen Deep
Box: Ethical Communication: Sugar-Coated Hostility.

CHAPTER 7 Communicating in Small Groups
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GROUPS
DYNAMICS OF GROUP STRUCTURE
Informal and Formal Communication in Groups
The Five Stages of Group Development
Group Cohesion and Breakdown
STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
Forms of Power
IMPROVING YOUR GROUP COMMUNICATION SKILLS
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: Structuration Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Systems Theory
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Forming a Group
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Structuration Theory
Box: Ethical Communication: Systems Theory and Our Responsibility to the Group
Box: Communication in the Workplace: 12 Cs for Successful Teamwork

CHAPTER 8 Organizational Communication
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Types and Movement of Organizational Messages
Upward Messages
Downward Messages
Horizontal Messages
THE ORGANIZATION AS A SYSTEM
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION TRAITS
ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND CULTURE
Strong Organizational Cultures
Dealing With Diversity in an Organizational Culture
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy
Box: Ethical Communication: Could You Blow the Whistle?
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Status Update: I've Just Been Fired
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Doing Well by Doing Good
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Dealing with On-the-Job Conflict

CHAPTER 9 Intercultural Communication
WHAT IS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION?
OBSTACLES ASSOCIATED WITH INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
THE "NATURALNESS" OF PREJUDICE: TWO THEORIES OF CULTURE AND IDENTITY
Social Identity Theory
Identity Negotiation Theory
ACCELERATORS TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
FACTORS INFLUENCING CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
HOW CULTURAL VALUES SHAPE COMMUNICATION
ATTITUDES TOWARD DIVERSITY AND THE PROBLEM OF TOLERANCE
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: Social Identity Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Identity Negotiation Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Hofstede's Dimensions of Cultural Differentiation
Thumbnail Theory: Hall's Differentiation of High and Low Context Cultures
Thumbnail Theory: Howell's Levels of Intercultural Communication Competence
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Cultural Participation
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Stereotyping versus Generalizing
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Improving On-the-Job Intercultural Communication.
Box: Ethical Communication: Racial Profiling

CHAPTER 10 Mass Communication
WHAT IS MASS COMMUNICATION?
Interpersonal Communication versus Mass Communication
CULTURE, COMMUNICATION, AND MASS MEDIA
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEDIA CONSUMER
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIA INDUSTRIES
THEORIES OF MASS COMMUNICATION
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: Cultivation Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Social Cognitive Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Social Responsibility Theory
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: The Third-Person Effect
Box: Ethical Communication: The Role of the Photojournalist
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Finding a Career in the Media
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Social Responsibility Theory

CHAPTER 11 Media Literacy
WHAT IS MEDIA LITERACY?
MEDIA LITERACY SCHOLARSHIP
Three Examples of Media Literacy Research
MEDIA LITERACY QUESTIONS
SOME CORE CONCEPTS OF MEDIA LITERACY
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE MEDIA LITERATE?
MEDIA LITERACY, IDENTITY, AND MEANING MAKING
THE SKILL OF BEING MEDIA LITERATE
MEDIA LITERACY AND DEMOCRACY
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Careers in Media Literacy
Box: Ethical Communication: Advertising to Children
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Fighting the Kinderculture
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Being a Proactive Media Consumer

CHAPTER 12 Social Media
THE PROMISE AND PERIL OF NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
A CONNECTED WORLD
THE DARK SIDE OF NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Addiction
Depression
Distraction
COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
Social Network Sites and Identity Construction and Maintenance
The Internet and Interpersonal Communication
Social Isolation
Shy and Popular Users
Facebook Envy and Our Sense of Well-Being
Self-Disclosure and Relational Development
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: Transactive Memory
Thumbnail Theory: Cues-Filtered-Out Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Social Information Processing Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Expectancy Violation Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Media Richness Theory
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Social Media, Social Connection, and Social Power
Box: Ethical Communication: Who Owns the Social Networking You?
Box: Communication in the Workplace: E-mail vs Social Networking Sites
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Internet Addiction Self-Diagnosis.

CHAPTER 13 Persuasion and Social Influence
WHAT IS PERSUASION?
THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING PERSUASION
VALUES, ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, AND BEHAVIORS
ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR
THE SELECTIVE PROCESSES
WHAT FACTORS INFUENCE PERSUASION?
Source Characteristics
Message Characteristics
Receiver Characteristics
THE ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL OF PERSUASION
PROCESSES OF ATTITUDE CHANGE
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: Speech Acts Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Balance Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Dissonance Theory
Thumbnail Theory: Elaboration Likelihood Model
Thumbnail Theory: Heuristic-Systematic Model
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Four Do's and Four Don'ts of Workplace Persuasion
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Would the Razor Switch Hands Today?
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: The Federal Trade Commission and Advertiser Credibility
Box: Ethical Communication: The TARES Test

CHAPTER 14 Health Communication
COMMUNCATION AND A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE
HEALTH COMMUNICATION IN PROVIDER-CLIENT SETTINGS
HEALTH COMMUNICATION CONTEXTS
Friends and Family
Support Groups
Hospital Culture
Entertainment Mass Media
HEALTH COMMUNICATION AND THE INTERNET
HEALTH COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGNS
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Thumbnail Theory: Health Belief Model
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Speak Up
Box: Ethical Communication: Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: The Health Belief Model
Box: Communication in the Workplace: Getting Health Messages to Employees

CHAPTER 15 Public Speaking
THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
TYPES OF SPEECHES
A CRASH COURSE IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
IDENTIFYING THE STEPS OF SPEECH PREPARATION
OVERCOMING PUBLIC SPEAKING ANXIETY
REVIEW OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SIGNIFICANT TERMS
Box: Communication in the Workplace: On-the-Job Public Speaking
Box: Socially Responsible Communication: Political Satire in the Contemporary Culture
Box: Ethical Communication: Plagiarism and Public Speaking
Box: Personally Responsible Communication: Public Speaking Self-Assessment

Appendix: Interviewing
Glossary
References
Credits
Index