Introduction to Information Systems

Introduction to Information Systems, 9th Edition teaches undergraduate business majors how to use information technology to master their current or future jobs. Students develop a working understanding of information systems and information technology and learn how to apply concepts to successfully facilitate business processes. This course demonstrates that IT is the backbone of any business, whether a student is majoring in accounting, finance, marketing, human resources, production/operations management, or MIS.

Preface iii

1 Introduction to Information Systems 1

Opening Case 1

Introduction 4

1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems? 4

1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems 12

1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations? 20

1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society 25

Summary 30

Chapter Glossary 30

Discussion Questions 31

Problem-Solving Activities 32

Closing Case 32

2 Organizational Strategy, Competitive Advantage, and Information Systems 34

Opening Case 34

Introduction 37

2.1 Business Processes 38

2.2 Business Process Improvement, Business Process Reengineering, and Business Process Management 45

2.3 Business Pressures, Organizational Responses, and Information Technology Support 49

2.4 Competitive Advantage and Strategic Information Systems 59

Summary 66

Chapter Glossary 67

Discussion Questions 68

Problem-Solving Activities 68

Closing Case 68

3 Ethics and Privacy 71

Opening Case 71

Introduction 72

3.1 Ethical Issues 73

3.2 Privacy 78

Summary 88

Chapter Glossary 88

Discussion Questions 89

Problem-Solving Activities 89

Closing Case 90

4 Information Security 92

Opening Case 92

Introduction 94

4.1 Introduction to Information Security 95

4.2 Unintentional Threats to Information Systems 97

4.3 Deliberate Threats to Information Systems 100

4.4 What Organizations Are Doing to Protect Information Resources 108

4.5 Information Security Controls 110

Summary 120

Chapter Glossary 121

Discussion Questions 122

Problem-Solving Activities 122

Closing Case 123

5 Data and Knowledge Management 125

Opening Case 125

Introduction 127

5.1 Managing Data 128

5.2 The Database Approach 132

5.3 Big Data 136

5.4 Data Warehouses and Data Marts 142

5.5 Knowledge Management 151

5.6 Appendix: Fundamentals of Relational Database Operations 153

Summary 161

Chapter Glossary 162

Discussion Questions 163

Problem-Solving Activities 164

Closing Case 164

6 Telecommunications and Networking 166

Opening Case 166

Introduction 168

6.1 What Is a Computer Network? 169

6.2 Network Fundamentals 172

6.3 The Internet and the World Wide Web 176

6.4 Network Applications: Discovery 183

6.5 Network Applications: Communication 186

6.6 Network Applications: Collaboration 188

6.7 Network Applications: Educational 192

Summary 194

Chapter Glossary 195

Discussion Questions 196

Problem-Solving Activities 197

Closing Case 198

7 E-Business and E-Commerce 200

Opening Case 200

Introduction 202

7.1 Overview of E-Business and E-Commerce 203

7.2 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Electronic Commerce 211

7.3 Business-to-Business (B2B) Electronic Commerce 222

7.4 Ethical and Legal Issues in E-Business 226

Summary 231

Chapter Glossary 232

Discussion Questions 233

Problem-Solving Activities 233

Closing Case 234

8 Wireless, Mobile Computing, and Mobile Commerce 236

Opening Case 236

Introduction 238

8.1 Wireless Technologies 239

8.2 Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access 248

8.3 Mobile Computing and Mobile Commerce 254

8.4 The Internet of Things 259

Summary 264

Chapter Glossary 265

Discussion Questions 265

Problem-Solving Activities 266

Closing Case 266

9 Social Computing 268

Opening Case 268

Introduction 270

9.1 Web 2.0 272

9.2 Fundamentals of Social Computing in Business 280

9.3 Social Computing in Business: Shopping 284

9.4 Social Computing in Business: Marketing 289

9.5 Social Computing in Business: Customer Relationship Management 293

9.6 Social Computing in Business: Human Resource Management 294

Summary 297

Chapter Glossary 298

Discussion Questions 298

Problem-Solving Activities 299

Closing Case 299

10 Information Systems within the Organization 302

Opening Case 302

Introduction 303

10.1 Transaction Processing Systems 304

10.2 Functional Area Information Systems 305

10.3 Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 312

10.4 ERP Support for Business Processes 318

Summary 323

Chapter Glossary 324

Discussion Questions 324

Problem-Solving Activities 324

Closing Case 325

11 Customer Relationship Management and Supply Chain Management 326

Opening Case 326

Introduction 327

11.1 Defining Customer Relationship Management 328

11.2 Operational Customer Relationship Management Systems 332

11.3 Other Types of Customer Relationship Management Systems 336

11.4 Supply Chains 339

11.5 Supply Chain Management 341

11.6 Information Technology Support for Supply Chain Management 348

Summary 354

Chapter Glossary 355

Discussion Questions 356

Problem-Solving Activities 357

Closing Case 357

12 Business Analytics 360

Opening Case 360

Introduction 362

12.1 Managers and Decision Making 363

12.2 The Business Analytics Process 366

12.3 Descriptive Analytics 370

12.4 Predictive Analytics 375

12.5 Prescriptive Analytics 383

12.6 Presentation Tools 386

Summary 390

Chapter Glossary 390

Discussion Questions 391

Problem-Solving Activities 391

Closing Case 392

13 Acquiring Information Systems and Applications 395

Opening Case 395

Introduction 396

13.1 Planning for and Justifying IT Applications 397

13.2 Strategies for Acquiring IT Applications 400

13.3 Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle 404

13.4 Alternative Methods and Tools for Systems Development 409

Summary 415

Chapter Glossary 417

Discussion Questions 418

Problem-Solving Activities 418

Closing Case 418

14 Artificial Intelligence 420

Opening Case 420

14.1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 422

14.2 Machine Learning and Deep Learning 424

14.3 Neural Networks 430

14.4 Artificial Intelligence Applications 434

14.5 Artificial Intelligence in the Functional Areas 437

14.6 Appendix 453

Summary 458

Chapter Glossary 458

Discussion Questions 459

Problem-Solving Activities 459

Closing Case 459

Technology Guide 1 Hardware 461

Introduction 461

TG 1.1 Introduction to Hardware 462

TG 1.2 Strategic Hardware Issues 462

TG 1.3 Computer Hierarchy 462

TG 1.4 Input and Output Technologies 464

TG 1.5 The Central Processing Unit 471

Summary 477

Technology Guide Glossary 477

Discussion Questions 478

Problem-Solving Activities 478

Technology Guide 2 Software 479

Introduction 479

TG 2.1 Software Issues 480

TG 2.2 Systems Software 482

TG 2.3 Application Software 483

Summary 485

Technology Guide Glossary 486

Discussion Questions 486

Problem-Solving

Activities 486

Technology Guide 3 Cloud Computing 487

TG 3.1 Introduction 487

TG 3.2 The Basics of Cloud Computing 489

TG 3.3 Different Types of Clouds 493

TG 3.4 Cloud Computing Services 496

TG 3.5 The Benefits of Cloud Computing 500

TG 3.6 Concerns and Risks with Cloud Computing 503

TG 3.7 The “Big Three” Cloud Computing Vendors 506

TG 3.8 Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture 509

Summary 512

Technology Guide Glossary 513

Discussion Questions 514

Problem-Solving Activities 514

Appendix Apply the Concept Activities 515

Company Index 565

Subject Index 573

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