Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice

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ISBN: 9780131137776 | 0131137778
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/28/2005

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KEY BENEFIT: The bookrs"s unique approach promotes a vision for law enforcement and other justice system personnel that integrates essential critical thinking, problem-solving, and communications skill development with the need to deploy ethical practitioners and peacekeepers that demonstrate leadership capabilities.KEY TOPICS: The bookrs"s content is balanced, current, and well organized. It presents a global and detailed view of law enforcement and criminal justice philosophies, operations, tactics, strategies, and processes.MARKET: For law enforcement and criminal justice professionals.

Preface

xvii

About the Author

xxi

Acknowledgements

xxiii

Overview of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice

(35)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

The Criminal Justice System

(2)

Case Study--The Criminal Justice System

(1)

A Brief History of Policing

(9)

The Pre-Public Police Period

(1)

The Political Period

(4)

The Reform Period

(3)

The Community Policing Period

(1)

Jurisdiction of Law Enforcement Agencies

(3)

Federal Law Enforcement Agencies

(1)

State, County, and Municipal Law Enforcement Agencies

(1)

Roles and Organization of the Police

(3)

Critical Issues in Policing

(13)

Urban Decay

(1)

Officer Safety and Survival

(1)

The Psychological Dynamics of Police Work

(1)

Discretionary Enforcement

(1)

Use of Excessive Force

(1)

Police Corruption

(1)

Violation of Rights

(1)

Civil Liability

(1)

Domestic Violence

(1)

Limited Resources

(1)

Relations with Private Security

(1)

Training Methods and Content

(1)

The Police Public Image

(1)

Politics and the Police

(1)

Diversity Issues

(3)

Terrorism

(1)

Case Study--Terrorism, Law Enforcement, and the Justice System

(1)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

(1)

Criminal Law and Crime Control

(38)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Case Study--Analyzing Crime Rates

(1)

The Nature and Rule of Law

(1)

Causes of Crime

(2)

Types of Crime

(1)

Crime Statistics and Trends

(2)

Overview of Criminal Law

(2)

Parties to a Crime

(1)

Defenses to (Justification for) Crime

(2)

Specific Criminal Offenses

(6)

Preliminary (Preparatory) Offenses

(1)

Offenses Against Property

(1)

Offenses Against Persons

(2)

Obstruction of Justice Offenses

(1)

Offenses Against the Public Peace

(1)

Offenses Against Children

(1)

Sex Offenses

(1)

Controlled Substance Offenses

Liquor Law Offenses

(50)

Driving Under the Influence Offenses

(1)

Weapons Offenses

(1)

Public Safety and Morals Offenses

(1)

Laws of Arrest

(1)

Use of Force

(1)

Response Techniques

(10)

Disturbing the Public Peace Calls

(1)

Prowler Calls

(1)

Substance Abuse Calls

(3)

Public Safety and Morals Offense Calls

(1)

Theft Offense Calls

(1)

Vehicle Theft Calls

(1)

Burglary Calls

(1)

Vandalism Calls

(1)

Assault and Battery Calls

(1)

Domestic Violence Calls

(1)

Robbery Calls

(1)

Sex Offense Cases

(1)

Homicide Cases

(1)

Case Study--Domestic Batterer Intervention Programs

(1)

Arrest and Control of Prisoners

(5)

Working with Crime Victims

(1)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

(2)

Professionalism, Ethics, and Leadership

(33)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Law Enforcement as a Profession

(1)

Case Study--The Dirty Harry Syndrome

(2)

Ethics and Professional Conduct

(6)

Law Enforcement Codes of Ethics and Conduct

(3)

Prevention and Correction of Unethical Conduct

(4)

Role of Citizen Oversight

(1)

Role of Police Unions

(1)

Role of the Police Subculture

(1)

Concepts of Leadership

(7)

Leadership Is Not Management

(1)

Theoretical Foundation for Leadership

(2)

Leadership Competencies

(1)

Contemporary Views on Leadership Competencies

(2)

Leadership in Policing

(6)

Introduction

(2)

Research Regarding Police Leadership

100

(2)

Essential Police Leadership Competencies

102

(2)

Case Study--A Leadership Scenario

104

(1)

Summary

105

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

105

(2)

Communications

107

(30)

Learning Objectives

107

(1)

Key Terms

107

(1)

Introduction

108

(4)

Case Study--Cross-Cultural Communication

112

(1)

Speech and Interpersonal Communication

112

(5)

One-on-One Conversations

113

(1)

Telephone Communications

114

(1)

Answering Machines and Voice Mail

114

(1)

Meetings

115

(1)

Working in Teams and Task Forces

115

(1)

Public Speaking

116

(1)

Special Challenges in Communications

117

(1)

Cross-Cultural Communication

117

(4)

Managing Communication Conflict

121

(1)

Tactical Communication

122

(1)

Note Taking and Report Writing

123

(7)

Methods for Documentation

125

(1)

Field Notes

125

(1)

Reports

126

(1)

Report Types

127

(1)

General Report Writing Principles

127

(3)

Radio Operations

130

(5)

Case Study--Poor Communication Causes Death

135

(1)

Summary

135

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

135

(2)

Community Policing: Philosophy and Strategy

137

(29)

Learning Objectives

137

(1)

Key Terms

137

(1)

Introduction

138

(2)

Case Study--Community Policing: Dead or Alive?

140

(1)

The Principles of Policing

140

(3)

Community Policing Defined

143

(8)

What Community Policing Is Not

145

(1)

What Community Policing Is

146

(5)

New Police Officer Competencies

151

(1)

Framework for Community Policing

152

(4)

Role of the Community

152

(3)

Role of the Police

155

(1)

Working with Diversity

156

(1)

Building Community Partnerships

157

(4)

Community Policing in Action

161

(3)

Case Study--Chicago's CAPS Program

164

(1)

Summary

165

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

165

(1)

Community Policing: Problem Solving

166

(28)

Learning Objectives

166

(1)

Key Terms

166

(1)

Introduction

167

(1)

Case Study--Addressing Crime and Disorder

168

(1)

Problem-Solving Techniques

169

(3)

The SARA Problem-Solving Model

172

(7)

Scanning

172

(1)

Analysis

173

(2)

Response

175

(1)

Assessment

176

(3)

Problem Solving in Groups

179

(2)

Problem Solving Through Group Consensus

181

(1)

Community Mapping

181

(4)

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

185

(4)

Overview

185

(2)

CPTED Concepts and Strategies

187

(2)

CPTED Applications

189

(1)

Barriers to Problem Solving

189

(2)

Case Study--Crime Analysis: State of the Art?

191

(2)

Summary

193

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

193

(1)

Career Preparation

194

(33)

Learning Objectives

194

(1)

Key Terms

194

(1)

Introduction

195

(1)

Case Study--Perishable Police Skills

195

(1)

Police Officer Skills and Qualities

195

(3)

Recruitment, Selection, Promotion, and Retention

198

(3)

Attitude and Personal Performance

201

(1)

Training and Education

202

(5)

Preparation for Patrol

207

(2)

Work Schedules

207

(1)

Pre-Patrol Information

208

(1)

Personal Supplies and Equipment

208

(1)

Officer Survival

209

(3)

Weaponless Defense

212

(1)

Weapons

213

(3)

Less Lethal Weapons

213

(2)

Lethal Weapons

215

(1)

Use of Force Policy

216

(3)

Case Study--Police Use of Force

219

(1)

The Police Career and Personal Life

219

(1)

Stress Management

220

(3)

Lifetime Fitness

223

(2)

Public Safety Officers' Bill of Rights

225

(1)

Summary

225

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

226

(1)

General Police Operations

227

(34)

Learning Objectives

227

(1)

Key Terms

228

(1)

Introduction

228

(1)

Case Study--High-Speed Police Pursuits

229

(1)

Types of Patrol

229

(6)

Foot Patrol

229

(1)

Vehicular Patrol

229

(1)

Bicycle Patrol

230

(1)

Mounted Horse Patrol

231

(1)

Motorcycle Patrol

231

(1)

Air Patrol

231

(2)

Marine Patrol

233

(1)

K-9 Patrol

233

(1)

Specialized Patrol Activities

234

(1)

Reserve Police Officers

234

(1)

Closed-Circuit Television and Cameras

235

(1)

Patrol Equipment

235

(1)

Communications Systems and Equipment

235

(2)

History

235

(1)

Dispatch Systems

236

(1)

Vehicle Operations

237

(1)

Patrol Techniques

238

(3)

Field Interviews

241

(1)

Traffic Management

242

(2)

Radar Use

244

(1)

Driving Under the Influence Cases

244

(1)

Collision Response

245

(1)

Pedestrian Stops and Investigations

246

(1)

Foot Pursuits

247

(1)

Vehicle Stops

247

(5)

Low-Risk Vehicle Stops

247

(2)

High-Risk Vehicle Stops

249

(3)

High-Speed Driving and Pursuits

252

(3)

Case Study--Errors Cause Death of Innocent Man

255

(1)

Administrative Duties

256

(1)

The Police and the News Media

256

(1)

Questioning Traditional Patrol Operations

257

(3)

Preventive Patrol

257

(1)

Officer Safety and Productivity

258

(1)

Domestic Disturbances

259

(1)

Role of Uniformed Police in Follow-Up Investigations

259

(1)

Reducing Fear of Crime

259

(1)

Rapid Response

259

(1)

Summary

260

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

260

(1)

Legal Aspects of Policing

261

(29)

Learning Objectives

261

(1)

Key Terms

261

(1)

Introduction

262

(1)

Case Study--The USA PATRIOT Act

263

(1)

The Bill of Rights

264

(3)

Types of Evidence

267

(1)

Ways of Presenting Evidence

268

(1)

Witness Testimony

269

(1)

Witness Competency and Credibility

270

(1)

Documentary Evidence

270

(1)

Physical Evidence

271

(1)

Examples of Physical Evidence

271

(1)

Introduction of Physical Evidence

271

(1)

Testimonial Privileges and Privileged Communications

272

(2)

Testimonial Privileges

272

(1)

Confidential Communications Privileges

273

(1)

Hearsay Evidence

274

(1)

Search and Seizure

275

(8)

Methods of Identification

283

(1)

Miranda and Admissions/Confessions

284

(2)

Case Study--Legal Research and Writing

286

(2)

Summary

288

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

288

(2)

Policing: Special Situations

290

(29)

Learning Objectives

290

(1)

Key Terms

290

(1)

Introduction

291

(1)

Case Study--Teenage Gangsters

291

(1)

Lost and Missing Persons

292

(1)

Mentally Imbalanced and Intoxicated Persons

293

(1)

Dealing with the Mentally Imbalanced

293

(1)

Intoxicated Persons

294

(1)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

294

(1)

Emergency Medical Response

295

(1)

Suicides

296

(1)

Dealing with Juveniles

297

(3)

Juvenile Gangs

297

(2)

Juvenile Crime

299

(1)

Police Procedures

299

(1)

Elder Abuse

300

(1)

Animal Control

301

(1)

Aircraft Accidents

302

(1)

Fires

302

(2)

Environmental Misfortune

304

(1)

Natural Disasters

305

(1)

Dispute Resolution

306

(1)

Civil Disturbances

307

(2)

Pre-Incident Considerations

307

(1)

Civil Disorder Management

308

(1)

Bombs, Bomb Threats, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction

309

(4)

Bombs and Bomb Threats

310

Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction

(282)

Disaster Planning and Response

313

(1)

Disaster Planning

313

(1)

Disaster Response

314

(1)

Hostage Situations

314

(1)

Barricaded Subjects

315

(1)

Case Study--The Militarization of Law Enforcement

316

(1)

SWAT Operations

316

(1)

Summary

317

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

318

(1)

Investigations

319

(33)

Learning Objectives

319

(1)

Key Terms

319

(1)

Introduction

320

(1)

Case Study--Law Enforcement Databases

321

(1)

Sources of Information

321

(2)

Victim and Witness Interviews

323

(1)

Computerized Databases

324

(5)

Preliminary Investigations

329

(1)

Collision Investigations

330

(1)

Criminal Investigations

331

(1)

Crime Scene Processing

332

(7)

Crime Scene Reconstruction

333

(1)

The Crime Scene Search

333

(1)

Investigative Photography

334

(2)

Crime Scene Sketches

336

(2)

Collection and Preservation of Evidence

338

(1)

Role of Forensic Science

339

(2)

Surveillance and Undercover Assignments

341

(1)

Criminal Profiling

342

(1)

Investigation of Specific Offenses

343

(5)

Burglary Investigation

343

(1)

Assault Investigation

343

(1)

Crimes Against Children

344

(1)

Homicide Investigation

344

(1)

Vehicle Theft Investigation

345

(1)

Economic Crime Investigation

345

(2)

Computer Crime Investigation

347

(1)

Case Study--Preventing Cybercrime

348

(2)

Summary

350

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

350

(2)

The Courts and the Judicial Process

352

(30)

Learning Objectives

352

(1)

Key Terms

353

(1)

Introduction

353

(1)

Case Preparation

353

(1)

Case Study--Is Justice Blind?

354

(1)

The Courts

355

(20)

An Adversarial System

355

(1)

Court Systems and Structure

356

(2)

The Federal Courts

358

(2)

State and Local Courts

360

(2)

Specialty Courts

362

(1)

Juries

363

(1)

Courtroom Participants

364

(2)

Standards of Proof

366

(1)

The Pretrial Process

367

(3)

The Trial Process

370

(2)

Posttrial Processes

372

(1)

Sentencing

373

(2)

Case Study--``Three Strikes and You Are Out''

375

(1)

Juvenile Justice Procedure

375

(1)

The Courts' Impact on Law Enforcement

376

(1)

Courtroom Presentation

377

(3)

Attitude

377

(1)

Appearance

377

(2)

Demeanor

379

(1)

Testimonial Technique

379

(1)

Summary

380

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

381

(1)

Corrections

382

(23)

Learning Objectives

382

(1)

Key Terms

382

(1)

Introduction

383

(1)

Case Study--What Works?

383

(1)

The Correctional Process

383

(1)

History of Corrections

384

(1)

Early Punishments

384

(1)

American Approaches

385

(1)

Philosophies in Corrections

385

(1)

Noninstitutional Corrections

386

(3)

Diversion Programs

387

(1)

Probation

387

(1)

Parole

388

(1)

Other Noninstitutional Programs

389

(1)

Institutional Corrections

389

(6)

Jails

389

(2)

Prisons

391

(3)

Problems with Prisons

394

(1)

Capital Punishment

395

(2)

Issues in Corrections

397

(6)

Accreditation of Corrections Programs

397

(1)

Correctional Officer Selection and Training

398

(1)

Juvenile Corrections

399

(1)

The Death Penalty

400

(1)

The Incarceration of Women

401

(1)

Prisoner Rights

401

(1)

Privatization of Corrections

402

(1)

Corrections: What Works?

402

(1)

Case Study--DNA Frees the Innocent?

403

(1)

Summary

403

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

404

(1)

Appendix A Declaration of Independence

405

(2)

Appendix B Constitution of the United States

407

(2)

Appendix C Correlation of California, New York, and Texas Basic Police Academy Subjects with Introduction of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Second Edition

409

(6)

References

415

(26)

Index

441

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Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials