Introduction to Modern Analysis of Electric Machines and Drives

Comprehensive resource introducing magnetic circuits and rotating electric machinery, including models and discussions of control techniques

Introduction to Modern Analysis of Electric Machines and Drives is written for the junior or senior student in Electrical Engineering and covers the essential topic of machine analysis for those interested in power systems or drives engineering. The analysis contained in the text is based on Tesla’s rotating magnetic field and reference frame theory, which comes from Tesla’s work and is presented for the first time in an easy to understand format for the typical student.

Since the stators of synchronous and induction machines are the same for analysis purposes, they are analyzed just once. Only the rotors are different and therefore analyzed separately. This approach makes it possible to cover the analysis efficiently and concisely without repeating derivations. In fact, the synchronous generator equations are obtained from the equivalent circuit, which is obtained from work in other chapters without any derivation of equations, which differentiates Introduction to Modern Analysis of Electric Machines and Drives from all other textbooks in this area.

Topics explored by the two highly qualified authors in Introduction to Modern Analysis of Electric Machines and Drives include:

• Common analysis tools, covering steady-state phasor calculations, stationary magnetically linear systems, winding configurations, and two- and three-phase stators
• Analysis of the symmetrical stator, covering the change of variables in two- and three-phase transformations and more
• Symmetrical induction machines, covering symmetrical two-pole two-phase rotor windings, electromagnetic force and torque, and p-pole machines
• Direct current machines and drives, covering commutation, voltage and torque equations, permanent-magnet DC machines, and DC drives

Introduction to Modern Analysis of Electric Machines and Drives is appropriate as either a first or second course in the power and drives area. Once the reader has covered the material in this book, they will have a sufficient background to start advanced study in the power systems or drives areas.

Paul C. Krause, PhD, started PC Krause and Associates, Inc. in 1983. He was a Professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University for 39 years. He is a Life Fellow of the IEEE and has authored or co-authored over 100 technical papers and three textbooks on electric machines. He was the recipient of the IEEE Nikola Tesla Award in 2010.

Thomas C. Krause received the B.S degree in electrical engineering from Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, in 2019 and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 2021.

Preface

CHAPTER 1 COMMON ANALYSIS TOOLS

1.1   INTRODUCTION

1.2   STEADY-STATE PHASOR CALCULATIONS

Power and Reactive Power

1.3   STATIONARY MAGNETICALLY-LINEAR SYSTEMS

Two-Winding Transformer

1.4   WINDING CONFIGURATIONS

1.5   TWO- AND THREE-PHASE STATORS

Two-Phase Stator

Three-Phase Stator

Line-to-Line Voltage

1.6   PROBLEMS

1.7          REFERENCE

CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS OF THE SYMMETRICAL STATOR

2.1               INTRODUCTION

2.2               TESLA’S ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD

Two-Pole Two-Phase Stator

Two-Pole Three-Phase Stator

2.3               REFERENCE FRAME THEORY

Two-Phase Transformation

Three-Phase Transformation

2.4               STATOR VOLTAGE AND FLUX LINKAGE EQUATIONS IN THE ARBITRARY REFERENCE FRAME AND THE INSTANTANEOUS PHASOR

Two-Phase Stator

Three-Phase Stator

Instantaneous and Steady-State Phasors

2.5               PROBLEMS

2.6          REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3 SYMMETRICAL INDUCTION MACHINE

3.1               INTRODUCTION

3.2               SYMMETRICAL MACHINES

3.3               SYMMETRICAL TWO-POLE ROTOR WINDINGS

Two-Phase Rotor Windings

Three-Phase Rotor Windings

3.4               SUBSTITUTE VARIABLES FOR SYMMETRICAL ROTATING CIRCUITS AND EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

Two-Phase Machine

Three-Phase Machine

3.5               ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE AND TORQUE

3.6               P-POLE MACHINES

3.7          FREE ACCELERATING VARIABLES VIEWED FROM DIFFERENT REFERENCE FRAMES

3.8               STEADY-STATE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

3.9               PROBLEMS

3.10        REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

4.1          INTRODUCTION

4.2          ANALYSIS OF THE PERMANENT-MAGNET ac MOTOR

                                Torque

                                Unequal Direct– and Quadrature-Axis Inductances

                                Three-Phase Machine

4.3          WINDINGS OF THE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE

4.4          EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT – VOLTAGE AND TORQUE EQUATIONS

Torque

Rotor Angle

4.5          DYNAMIC AND STEADY-STATE PERFORMANCES

4.6          ANALYSI OF STEADY-STATE OPERATION

4.7          TRANSIENT STABILITY

Three-Phase Fault

4.8          PROBLEMS

4.9          REFERENCE

CHAPTER 5 DIRECT CURRENT MACHINE AND DRIVE

5.1               INTRODUCTION

5.2               COMMUTATION

5.3               VOLTAGE AND TORQUE EQUATIONS

5.4               PERMANENT-MAGNET dc MACHINE

5.5               DC DRIVE

Average-Value Time-Domain Block Diagram

Torque Control

5.6               PROBLEMS

5.7          REFERENCE

CHAPTER 6 BRUSHLESS dc AND FIELD ORIENTED DRIVES

6.1          INTRODUCTION

6.2          THE BRUSHLESS dc DRIVE CONFIGURATION

6.3          COMMON MODE OF BRUSHLESS dc DRIVE OPERATION

6.4          OTHER MODES OF BRUSHLESS dc DRIVE OPERATION

Maximum-Torque Per Volt Operation of a Brushless dc Drive

Maximum-Torque Per Ampere Operation of a Brushless dc Drive

Torque Control

6.5          FIELD ORIENTED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE

6.6          PROBLEMS

6.7          REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7 SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

7.1               INTRODUCTION

7.2               SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS

7.3               ANALYSIS OF UNBALANCED MODES OF OPERATION

Unbalanced Stator Voltages

Unbalanced Stator Impedances

Open-Circuited Stator Phase

7.4               SINGLE-PHASE AND CAPACITOR-STATOR INDUCTION MOTORS

Single-Phase Induction Motor

Capacitor-Start Induction Motor

7.5          DYNAMIC AND STEADY-STATE PERFORMANCE OF A CAPACITOR-START SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

7.6          SPLIT-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

7.7          PROBLEMS

7.8          REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8 STEPPER MOTORS

8.1               INTRODUCTION

8.2          BASIC CONFIGURATIONS OF MULTISTACK VARIABLE-RELUCTANCE STEPPER MOTORS

8.3          EQUATIONS FOR MULTSTACKVARIABLE-RELUCTANCE STEPPER MOTORS

8.4          OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTISTACK VARIABLE-RELUCTANCE STEPPER MOTORS

8.5          SINGLE-STACK VARIABLE-RELUCTANCE STEPPER MOTORS

8.6          BASIC-CONFIGURATION OF PERMANENT-MAGNET STEPPER MOTORS

8.7          EQUATIONS FOR PERMANENT-MAGNET STEPPER MOTORS

8.8          PROBLEMS

8.9          REFERENCES

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