Introduction to Philosophical Problems

Joseph Margolis is an extremely rare kind of author - a renowned, world-class philosopher who is prepared to write accessibly for the non-specialist reader. Here Margolis introduces the reader to all of the central questions of Western philosophy, show

I KNOWLEDGE & BELIEF

1

(32)

§1. Ascriptions of Belief

3

(8)

§2. Asymmetries regarding Knowledge and Belief

11

(9)

§3. The Justification of Beliefs and Claims

20

(7)

§4. Causal Conditions and Evidence

27

(6)

II PERCEPTION & SENSATION

33

(33)

§1. Perception and Sense-datum Theories

35

(7)

§2. Transitive and Intransitive Modes of Sentience

42

(4)

§3. Varieties of Intransitive Sentience

46

(9)

§4. Perceptual Distinctions and Existential Import

55

(4)

§5. The Causal Theory of Perception

59

(7)

III DOUBT & CERTAINTY

66

(18)

§1. The Asymmetry of Doubt and Certainty

67

(6)

§2. Indubitability, Self-intimating States, and Privileged Access

73

(6)

§3. Radical and Methodological Doubt

79

(5)

IV EXISTENCE & REALITY

84

(26)

§1. Referents and Existents

86

(4)

§2. Existence and Quantification

90

(6)

§3. The Sense and Criteria of 'Exists'

96

(5)

§4. Existence Construed as a Predicate

101

(3)

§5. Ontology and Science

104

(6)

V IDENTITY & INDIVIDUATION

110

(27)

§1. Identity, Continuity, and Composition

113

(7)

§2. Theoretical Identity

120

(7)

§3. Discontinuities and Strict Identity

127

(7)

§4. Instantiation and the Identity of Cultural Entities

134

(3)

VI ACTIONS & EVENTS

137

(32)

§1. The Nature and Causes of Actions

140

(6)

§2. The Identification of Actions

146

(5)

§3. Explanations by Causes and by Reasons

151

(4)

§4. Freedom and Choice

155

(5)

§5. The Description of Events

160

(6)

§6. Actions and Persons

166

(3)

VII LANGUAGE & TRUTH

169

(34)

§1. Learning a Language

172

(5)

§2. The Analysis of Natural Languages

177

(8)

§3. Conditions of Intelligibility

185

(6)

§4. Truth and Facts

191

(6)

§5. Meanings and Concepts

197

(6)

VIII MIND & BODY

203

(37)

§1. The Ascription of Mental and Physical Properties

206

(10)

§2. Behavior and Machines

216

(4)

§3. Intentionality and the Mental

220

(8)

§4. The Nature and Individuation of Persons

228

(6)

§5. The Identity Thesis

234

(6)

IX FACTS & VALUES

240

(22)

§1. The Fact-Value Dichotomy

243

(7)

§2. Cognitivism and Values

250

(4)

§3. Consistency and Practical Reasoning

254

(8)

EPILOGUE

262

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Introduction to Philosophical Problems

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Table of Contents

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