Introduction to Political Ideologies

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ISBN: 9781405824392 | 1405824395
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/1/2006

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A completely new introduction to political ideologies that will grab students interest through it's use of real-life examples.

Guide to Features	p. xiv
Guided Tour	p. xvi
Publisher's Acknowledgements	p. xviii
Authors' Acknowledgements	p. xix
About the Authors	p. xxi
Introduction
Theory as Abstraction	p. xxiii
The Distinction between Facts and Values	p. xxiv
The Problem with the Contestability Thesis	p. xxv
Structure of the Book	p. xxvii
Questions	p. xxviii
References	p. xxix
Classical Ideologies
Origins and Development of the Term	p. 3
Isms as Ideologies	p. 4
Mannheim's Paradox: Are We Stuck?	p. 7
Facts, Values and the State	p. 8
References	p. 9
Liberalism	p. 10
Introduction	p. 10
Chapter Map	p. 10
Test Case: Prostitution Laws in Sweden	p. 11
The Meaning of Liberalism	p. 12
Liberalism as Toleration	p. 13
The Reformation and Wars of Religion	p. 13
Toleration	p. 17
Contractarianism	p. 18
Rights-based Liberalism	p. 23
Locke	p. 23
Kant	p. 25
Utilitarianism	p. 27
Conclusion: the Swedish Case Study	p. 29
Summary	p. 31
Questions	p. 31
References	p. 32
Further Reading	p. 32
Weblinks	p. 32
Conservatism	p. 34
Introduction	p. 34
Chapter Map	p. 34
Test Case: Reform or Revolution?	p. 35
Conservatism: an Elusive Ideology?	p. 36
Basic Elements of Conservatism	p. 36
David Hume	p. 39
Edmund Burke	p. 42
Michael Oakeshott	p. 45
Leo Strauss and American Neo-conservatism	p. 49
Summary	p. 52
Questions	p. 52
References	p. 53
Further Reading	p. 53
Weblinks	p. 53
Socialism	p. 56
Introduction	p. 56
Chapter Map	p. 56
Test Case: Tanks in the Streets of Prague	p. 57
The Problem of Variety	p. 58
Defining Socialism	p. 58
The Problem of Utopia	p. 59
Science and the 'Utopian Socialists'	p. 60
Introducing Marxism	p. 64
The Authoritarian Consequences of 'Scientific Socialism'	p. 67
The Inevitability Argument	p. 67
The Concept of Class War and the Problem of Morality	p. 70
The Dilemma of Democratic Socialism	p. 72
Eduard Bernstein and the German Socialists	p. 73
Bernstein, Revisionism and the British Tradition	p. 74
Bernstein's Argument	p. 74
The British Labour Party and the Fabians	p. 75
The Labour Party, Constitutionalism and the Trade Unions	p. 76
Blair's Socialism	p. 76
International Social Democrats	p. 78
Can Marxism be Rescued?	p. 78
The Notion of Revolution	p. 78
The Inevitability Problem and the Liberal Tradition	p. 79
The Question of Class and Agency	p. 79
Socialism and Inevitability	p. 82
The Problem of Utopianism	p. 82
Summary	p. 83
Questions	p. 84
References	p. 84
Further Reading	p. 85
Weblinks	p. 85
Anarchism	p. 86
Introduction	p. 86
Chapter Map	p. 86
Test Case: Death in Genoa	p. 87
The Relationship with Socialism	p. 88
Philosophical Anarchists	p. 88
Free Market Anarchists	p. 91
Anti-capitalist Anarchists: Proudhon, Bakunin and Kropotkin	p. 93
The Argument So Far ...	p. 97
Republican Spain and the Anarchist Experience	p. 97
The Problem of Violence	p. 100
Anarchism and the New Social Movements	p. 101
The Problem of Organisation and Relationships	p. 102
The Problem of Hierarchy	p. 104
The Question of Self-determination and Constraint	p. 105
Anarchism and the Distinction between State and Government	p. 106
Summary	p. 108
Questions	p. 108
References	p. 108
Further Reading	p. 109
Weblinks	p. 109
Nationalism	p. 110
Introduction	p. 110
Chapter Map	p. 110
Test Case: Mountains, Muesli, Cuckoo Clocks and Yodellers	p. 111
Nations and Nationalism	p. 112
Definitions	p. 112
Modernism versus Perennialism	p. 114
Modernist Theories	p. 115
Perennialist Theories	p. 118
Nationalism: the Ethical Debate	p. 119
Implications of the Modernist-Perennialist Debate	p. 119
State versus Nation	p. 120
Civic Nationalism and Ethnic Nationalism	p. 121
Nationalism and Exclusivity	p. 124
Liberalism and Nationalism: Mill and Herder	p. 124
Liberalism versus Nationalism	p. 124
John Stuart Mill	p. 126
Johann Gottfried von Herder	p. 126
Socialism and Nationalism: Marx and Engels	p. 128
Conclusion: Banal Nationalism	p. 129
Summary	p. 130
Questions	p. 131
References	p. 131
Further Reading	p. 132
Weblinks	p. 132
Fascism	p. 134
Introduction	p. 134
Chapter Map	p. 134
Test Case: 'Never Again': Contemporary Forms of Fascism	p. 135
Defining Fascism	p. 136
Fascism and Communism	p. 136
Fascism and Religion	p. 137
Fascism and Liberalism	p. 137
Fascism and Conservatism	p. 138
Fascism in Italy	p. 138
Nationalism and War	p. 139
Corporativism, Violence and the State	p. 139
Intellectual Roots	p. 141
Fascism in Germany	p. 143
A Brief History	p. 143
Anti-capitalism	p. 144
Statism, Women and Colonialism	p. 145
Fascism and Capitalism	p. 149
Fascism, Liberalism and the Enlightenment	p. 152
The State of Nature, Equality and the Individual	p. 152
Nationalism	p. 153
Rationality	p. 153
Fascism, Stalinism and the State	p. 154
Stalinism	p. 154
Fascism Today	p. 156
The Unrepentant Apologists	p. 156
The Holocaust Deniers	p. 156
The Critical Fascists	p. 157
Eurofascism	p. 157
Nationalist Salvation	p. 157
Summary	p. 160
Questions	p. 161
References	p. 161
Further Reading	p. 162
Weblinks	p. 162
New Ideologies
Social and Economic Change	p. 165
Critique of Classical Ideologies	p. 168
References	p. 170
Feminism	p. 172
Introduction	p. 172
Chapter Map	p. 172
Test Case: Women's Work?	p. 173
Liberal Feminism	p. 173
Mary Wollstonecraft	p. 174
John Stuart Mill	p. 175
Liberal Feminism in Britain and the United States	p. 175
Problems with Liberal Feminism	p. 176
Radical Feminist Critique	p. 177
Socialist Feminist Critique	p. 177
Other Critiques	p. 178
Socialist Feminism	p. 179
Engels's Contribution	p. 179
Bebel and Later Socialists	p. 180
Women in the Communist Party States	p. 180
The Domestic Labour Debate	p. 181
Problems with Socialist Feminism	p. 182
Liberal Feminist Critique	p. 182
Radical Feminist Critique	p. 182
Black Feminists and the Philosophical Feminist Critique	p. 183
Radical Feminism	p. 183
Problems with Radical Feminism	p. 185
Liberal Feminist Critique	p. 185
Socialist Feminist Critique	p. 186
Black Feminists and the Philosophical Feminist Critique	p. 186
Black Feminism	p. 188
Problems with Black Feminism	p. 189
Liberal, Socialist and Radical Feminist Critiques	p. 189
The Critique of Philosophical Feminisms	p. 190
Philosophical Feminisms	p. 190
Feminist Empiricism	p. 190
Standpoint Feminism	p. 191
Postmodern Feminism	p. 191
Problems with the Philosophical Feminisms	p. 192
Liberal Feminist Critique	p. 192
Socialist, Radical and Black Feminist Critiques	p. 192
Summary	p. 194
Questions	p. 195
References	p. 195
Further Reading	p. 196
Weblinks	p. 196
Multiculturalism	p. 198
Introduction	p. 198
Chapter Map	p. 198
Test Case: Religious Dress Ban: Equality or Oppression?	p. 199
What is Multiculturalism?	p. 200
Culture, Race, Ethnicity and Religion	p. 200
Culture	p. 200
Race and Ethnicity	p. 202
Religion	p. 203
Multiculturalism, Liberalism and Modernity	p. 204
Models of Multiculturalism	p. 206
Jeremy Waldron: Hybridity	p. 207
Will Kymlicka: Right to Cultural Membership	p. 208
James Tully: Constitutional Diversity	p. 209
John Rawls: Overlapping Consensus	p. 210
Edward Said: Critique of Orientalism	p. 211
Assessment: Identity, Reason and Freedom	p. 213
Multiculturalism: the New Wars of Religion?	p. 214
Summary	p. 215
Questions	p. 215
References	p. 215
Further Reading	p. 216
Weblinks	p. 216
Ecologism	p. 218
Introduction	p. 218
Chapter Map	p. 218
Test Case: Nuclear Power? Yes Please!	p. 219
Ecologism or Environmentalism?	p. 220
Environmental Crisis and Green Politics	p. 221
Environmental Crisis	p. 221
Green Politics	p. 222
Aldo Leopold and the 'Land Ethic'	p. 223
Arne Naess and 'Deep Ecology'	p. 226
Garrett Hardin and the Ethics of the Lifeboat	p. 229
Summary and Criticisms of Ecologism	p. 231
Summary of Ecologism	p. 231
Criticisms of Ecologism	p. 232
Summary	p. 237
Questions	p. 238
References	p. 238
Further Reading	p. 238
Weblinks	p. 239
Fundamentalism	p. 240
Introduction	p. 240
Chapter Map	p. 240
Test Case: The Diversity of Fundamentalisms	p. 241
Label or Concept?	p. 242
Fundamentalism and Religion	p. 242
Fundamentals and Fundamentalism	p. 244
Modernity and Tradition	p. 245
Fundamentalism, Democracy and Violence	p. 246
What is Islamic Fundamentalism?	p. 248
US Fundamentalism and the Religious Right	p. 251
Jewish Fundamentalism and the Israeli State	p. 253
'The Clash of Civilisations': a Fundamentalist Thesis?	p. 257
Summary	p. 259
Questions	p. 259
References	p. 259
Further Reading	p. 260
Weblinks	p. 261
Conclusion: Academic Political Theory and Politics	p. 263
Glossary	p. 265
Index	p. 271
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Introduction to Political Ideologies

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials