Introductory Applied Biostatistics (with CD-ROM)

, by D'Agostino, Sr., Ralph; Sullivan, Lisa; Beiser, Alexa

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ISBN: 9780534423995 | 053442399X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/16/2005

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INTRODUCTORY APPLIED BIOSTATISTICS (WITH CD-ROM) explores statistical applications in the medical and public health fields. Examples drawn directly from the authors' clinical experiences with applied biostatistics make this text both practical and applicable. You'll master application techniques by hand before moving on to computer applications, with SAS programming code and output for each technique covered in every chapter. For each topic, the book addresses methodology, including assumptions, statistical formulas, and appropriate interpretation of results. This book is a must-have for every student preparing for a statistical career in a healthcare field!

Preface

Motivation

(14)

Vocabulary

(2)

Population Parameters

(3)

Sampling and Sample Statistics

(3)

Statistical Inference

(5)

Summarizing Data

(72)

Background

(2)

Vocabulary

(1)

Classification of Variables

(1)

Notation

(1)

Descriptive Statistics and Graphical Methods

(38)

Numerical Summaries for Continuous Variables

(20)

Graphical Summaries for Continuous Variables

(5)

Numerical Summaries for Discrete Variables

(7)

Graphical Summaries for Discrete Variables

(6)

Key Formulas

(2)

Graphical Methods: Continuous Variables

(1)

Graphical Methods: Discrete Variables

(1)

Statistical Computing

(8)

Continuous Variables

(2)

Discrete Variables

(4)

Summary of SAS Procedures

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

(5)

Problems

(15)

Probability

(62)

Background

(2)

Vocabulary

(2)

First Principles

(8)

Combinations and Permutations

(5)

The Binomial Distribution

103

(5)

The Normal Distribution

108

(16)

Percentiles of the Normal Distribution

118

(2)

Normal Approximation to the Binomial

120

(4)

Key Formulas

124

(1)

Applications Using SAS

125

(8)

Summary of SAS Functions

133

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

133

(3)

Problems

136

(13)

Sampling Distributions

149

(24)

Background

150

(2)

The Central Limit Theorem

152

(10)

Key Formulas

162

(1)

Applications Using SAS

162

(5)

Summary of SAS Functions

167

(1)

Problems

167

(6)

Statistical Inference: Procedures for μ

173

(58)

Estimating μ

174

(16)

Vocabulary and Notation

174

(3)

Confidence Intervals for μ

177

(7)

Precision and Sample Size Determination

184

(6)

Hypothesis Tests About μ

190

(23)

Vocabulary and Notation

190

(6)

Hypothesis Tests About μ

196

(8)

Power and Sample Size Determination

204

(9)

Key Formulas

213

(1)

Statistical Computing

213

(5)

Summary of SAS Procedures and Functions

217

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

218

(2)

Problems

220

(11)

Statistical Inference: Procedures for (μ1 --- μ2)

231

(62)

Statistical Inference Concerning (μ1 -- μ2)

234

(31)

Case 1: Two Independent Populations---Population Variances Known

235

(4)

Case 2: Two Independent Populations---Population Variances Unknown but Assumed Equal

239

(5)

Case 3: Two Independent Populations---Population Variances Possibly Unequal

244

(15)

Case 4: Two Dependent Populations---The Data Are Matched or Paired

259

(6)

Power and Sample Size Determination

265

(6)

Key Formulas

271

(1)

Statistical Computing

272

(5)

Summary of SAS Procedures and Functions

276

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

277

(4)

Problems

281

(12)

Categorical Data

293

(66)

Statistical Inference Concerning p

294

(7)

Cross-Tabulation Tables

301

(2)

Diagnostic Tests: Sensitivity and Specificity

303

(2)

Statistical Inference Concerning (p1 -- p2)

305

(5)

Chi-Square Tests

310

(18)

Goodness-of-Fit Test

310

(7)

Tests of Independence

317

(11)

Precision, Power, and Sample Size Determination

328

(5)

Key Formulas

333

(1)

Statistical Computing

333

(9)

Summary of SAS Procedures

341

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

342

(5)

Problems

347

(12)

Comparing Risks in Two Populations

359

(48)

Effect Measures

360

(3)

Confidence Intervals for Effect Measures

363

(5)

The Chi-Square Test of Homogeneity

368

(7)

Fisher's Exact Test

375

(2)

Cochran--Mantel--Haenzel Method

377

(5)

Precision, Power, and Sample Size Determination

382

(1)

Key Formulas

383

(1)

Statistical Computing

384

(7)

Summary of SAS Procedures

390

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

391

(9)

Problems

400

(7)

Analysis of Variance

407

(58)

Background Logic

408

(5)

Notation and Examples

413

(11)

Fixed Versus Random Effects Models

424

(1)

Evaluating Treatment Effects

424

(1)

Multiple Comparisons Procedures

425

(11)

The Scheffe Procedure

427

(5)

The Tukey Procedure

432

(4)

Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance

436

(6)

Key Formulas

442

(1)

Statistical Computing

442

(9)

Summary of SAS Procedures

450

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

451

(3)

Problems

454

(11)

Correlation and Regression

465

(42)

Correlation Analysis

466

(11)

The Sample Correlation Coefficient r

469

(3)

Statistical Inference Concerning p

472

(5)

Simple Linear Regression

477

(8)

Multiple Regression Analysis

485

(2)

Logistic Regression Analysis

487

(4)

Key Formulas

491

(1)

Statistical Computing

492

(5)

Summary of SAS Procedures

496

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

497

(4)

Problems

501

(6)

Logistic Regression Analysis

507

(38)

The Logistic Model

508

(2)

Statistical Inference for Simple Logistic Regression

510

(7)

Multiple Logistic Regression

517

(5)

Area under the ROC Curve

522

(5)

Key Formulas

527

(1)

Statistical Computing

527

(104)

Summary of SAS Procedures

531

(100)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

631

Problems

538

(7)

Nonparametric Tests

545

(40)

The Sign Test (Two Dependent Samples Test)

546

(3)

The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (Two Dependent Samples Test)

549

(5)

The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test (Two Independent Samples Test)

554

(4)

The Kruskal--Wallis Test (k Independent Samples Test)

558

(2)

Spearman Correlation (Correlation Between Variables)

560

(5)

Key Formulas

565

(1)

Guidelines for Determining When to Use a Nonparametric Procedure

566

(1)

Statistical Computing

566

(7)

Summary of SAS Procedures

572

(1)

Analysis of Framingham Heart Study Data

573

(8)

Problems

581

(4)

Introduction to Survival Analysis

585

(6)

Incomplete Follow-Up

586

(2)

Time to Event

588

(1)

Survival Analysis Techniques

589

(2)

APPENDIX A Introduction to Statistical Computing Using SAS

591

(18)

A.1 Introduction to SAS

591

(5)

A.1.1 Components of a SAS Program

591

(2)

A.1.2 Overview of the SAS System

593

(2)

A.1.3 Creating and Executing SAS Programs

595

(1)

A.2 The Data Step

596

(13)

A.2.1 Inputting Data: Types of Data

597

(1)

A.2.2 Inputting Data: Types of Input

598

(1)

A.2.3 Missing Values

599

(1)

A.2.4 Advanced Data Input and Data Manipulation

600

(9)

APPENDIX B Statistical Tables

609

(22)

B.1 Statistical Tables

609

(19)

Table B.1 Probabilities of the Binomial Distribution

609

(9)

Table B.2 Probabilities of the Standard Normal Distribution

618

(2)

Table B.2A Z Values for Confidence Intervals

620

(1)

Table B.2B Z Values for Tests of Hypothesis

620

(1)

Table B.3 Critical Values of the t Distribution

621

(3)

Table B.4A Critical Values of the F Distribution with Upper-Tail Area = 0.05

624

(1)

Table B.4B Critical Values of the F Distribution with Upper-Tail Area = 0.205

625

(1)

Table B.5 Critical Values of the X2 Distribution

626

(1)

Table B.6 Critical Values of the Studentized Range Distribution, α = 0.05

627

(1)

B.2 SAS Programs Used to Generate Table Entries

628

(3)

APPENDIX C Framingham Heart Study Longitudinal Data Documentation

631

(14)

Index

645

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Introductory Applied Biostatistics (with CD-ROM)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials