Inventors of Ideas Introduction to Western Political Philosophy

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ISBN: 9780534612634 | 0534612636
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/28/2003

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A concise yet comprehensive introduction to the Western political thought from the Ancient Greeks to the 21st century, INVENTORS OF IDEAS connects major thinkers' political and societal views to a larger understanding of current politics. Covering the traditional canon of writers while also reflecting a concern or emphasis upon the role of gender and science in western political thought, the book gives students practical and historical foundations with which to look at contemporary social and political issues.

Preface

About the Authors

xxi

Political Philosophy: Introducing the Challenge

(18)

Introduction

(1)

Origins of Western Political Thought

(1)

Common Treatment, Diverse Results

(2)

Comparing Political Philosophers

(3)

The Individual and the Collective

(1)

Family and Gender Roles

(2)

Comparison of Roles and Natures of Men and Women

(1)

Role of the Family in Political Thinking

(1)

Development of Political Philosophy over Time

(1)

Techniques for Reconciling Conflict between Beliefs

(2)

Descriptive and Prescriptive Statements

(1)

Concept Clarification

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Notes

(1)

Additional Readings

(2)

Part One ANCIENT POLITICAL THOUGHT

The Playwrights of Athens: Sophocles and Aristophanes

(15)

Introduction

(2)

Antigone

(6)

Lysistrata

(4)

Conclusion

(1)

Notes

(1)

Additional Readings

(1)

Plato: Advocating Justice

(14)

Introduction

(2)

Plato's Method

(2)

Knowledge and Justice

(1)

Human Nature

(1)

The Ideal State

(4)

The Need for Specialization

(1)

Class Structure and Functions

(2)

Education and Censorship

(1)

The Role of Women

(1)

Inevitable Decline of the Ideal State

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Notes

(2)

Additional Readings

(1)

Aristotle: Endorsing Community

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Aristotle's Method

(1)

Happiness, Values, and Human Nature

(1)

Political Economy

(1)

Community

(3)

Household, Wife, Woman, and Slave

(1)

Village

(1)

Polis

(1)

Political Form of the Polis

(3)

Political Change

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Notes

(1)

Additional Readings

(1)

Cicero and Roman Political Thought: The Transformation of the Political

(12)

Introduction

(1)

Stoicism

(1)

Differences between Greek and Roman Political Thought

(2)

Cicero

(5)

The Commonwealth

(1)

Law and Justice

(1)

Public and Private Virtues

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Notes

(2)

Additional Readings

(1)

Part Two MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THOUGHT

Paul and Augustine: Emergence of the Christian Political World

(15)

Introduction

(1)

Human Nature and Christian Equality

(1)

Rome and Christianity

(1)

St. Augustine and Transformation of Christian Politics

(5)

Adam, Eve, and Human Nature

(1)

Government and Political Order: Emergence of the Two Cities

(1)

Human Nature, History, and the True Republic

(2)

Implications of the Doctrine of the Two Cities

(1)

Faith versus Reason

(1)

Women, Family, and Sexual Desire

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Notes

(1)

Additional Readings

(2)

The Contribution of Islam: John of Salisbury, Thomas Aquinas, and the Rise of the Medieval Political World

(15)

Introduction

(2)

Aristotle and the Arabic World

(2)

John of Salisbury

(2)

Aristotle and the Late Middle Ages

(1)

Thomas Aquinas

(4)

Human Nature and Society

(1)

Types of Law

(1)

Kingship, Tyranny, and the Family

(1)

Church-State Relations and Tolerance

(1)

Conclusion

100

(1)

Notes

101

(2)

Additional Readings

103

(1)

Dante and Marsilius: The End of Medieval Political Unity

104

(8)

Introduction

104

(1)

Dante

104

(3)

Human Nature

105

(1)

Political Society

105

(1)

Source of Secular Authority

106

(1)

Marsilius of Padua

107

(2)

Structure and Laws of the State

107

(1)

Church--State Conflict

108

(1)

Conclusion

109

(1)

Notes

110

(1)

Additional Readings

111

(1)

Part Three MODERN POLITICAL THOUGHT

Machiavelli: Escaping Anarchy

112

(21)

Introduction

112

(2)

Style, Substance, and Goals

114

(1)

Machiavelli's Method

115

(1)

Human Nature

116

(1)

Power

117

(2)

Elites and Masses

119

(1)

Fortune and Virtue

120

(1)

Gender

121

(1)

Liberty and War

122

(1)

Forms of Government

123

(5)

Republics

124

(1)

Tyrannies

124

(2)

Constitutional Rule: Monarchies and Republics

126

(1)

Nation-States

127

(1)

Conclusion

128

(2)

Notes

130

(1)

Additional Readings

131

(2)

Luther and Calvin: The Religious Basis of Modern Political Thought

133

(12)

Introduction

133

(2)

The Protestant Reformation

135

(1)

Martin Luther

135

(3)

Theology

135

(2)

Political Implications

137

(1)

John Calvin

138

(4)

Political Theology

139

(3)

Women and the Protestant Reformation

142

(1)

Conclusion

143

(1)

Notes

143

(1)

Additional Readings

144

(1)

Copernicus, Bacon, Descartes, and Newton: The Scientific Basis of Modern Politics

145

(13)

Introduction

145

(1)

The Aristotelian-Christian Scientific World

145

(2)

Nicholas Copernicus

147

(2)

Francis Bacon

149

(3)

Rene Descartes

152

(1)

Isaac Newton

153

(1)

Women and the Scientific Revolution

154

(1)

Conclusion

155

(1)

Notes

155

(1)

Additional Readings

156

(2)

Hobbes: Securing Peace

158

(16)

Introduction

158

(2)

Hobbes's Method

160

(1)

Human Nature

161

(1)

State of Nature

162

(1)

Basis of Government and Political Obligation

163

(2)

Sovereign Authority

165

(1)

Natural and Civil Law

166

(1)

Liberty

167

(1)

Citizenship, Class, and Gender

168

(2)

Forms of Government

170

(1)

Conclusion

170

(1)

Notes

171

(2)

Additional Readings

173

(1)

Locke: Protecting Property

174

(17)

Introduction

174

(1)

Locke's Method

175

(1)

Human Nature

176

(1)

State of Nature

177

(2)

Labor Theory of Estate

177

(2)

Natural Law

179

(1)

State of War

179

(1)

Basis of Government

180

(1)

Religious Toleration

181

(1)

Gender, Class, and Citizenship

182

(2)

Institutions and Forms of Government

184

(1)

Despotism and Revolution

185

(1)

Conclusion

186

(2)

Notes

188

(1)

Additional Readings

189

(2)

Rousseau: Establishing Democracy

191

(21)

Introduction

191

(1)

Rousseau's Method

192

(1)

State of Nature and Human Nature

193

(4)

Path to Liberation

197

(1)

The Social Contract

197

(4)

The General Will

199

(1)

Voting and Counting Votes

200

(1)

Rights of Members

201

(1)

Citizenship, Gender, and Education

201

(3)

Freedom and Force

203

(1)

Necessary Conditions for Securing a Contract

204

(2)

The Legislator

204

(1)

The Civil Religion

205

(1)

Geography and Wealth

206

(1)

Executive Institutions

206

(1)

Forms of Government

207

(1)

Conclusion

208

(1)

Notes

209

(2)

Additional Readings

211

(1)

Mary Wollstonecraft: Origins of Modern Feminism

212

(14)

Introduction

212

(1)

Wollstonecraft's Method

213

(3)

Human Nature

216

(2)

Women, the Family, and Government

218

(2)

The Liberation of Women

220

(1)

Women, Men, and Civil Society

221

(1)

Conclusion

222

(2)

Notes

224

(1)

Additional Readings

225

(1)

Hume, Burke, and Kant: Critics and Defenders of the Enlightenment

226

(13)

Introduction

226

(1)

David Hume

227

(4)

Edmund Burke

231

(2)

Immanuel Kant

233

(3)

Conclusion

236

(1)

Notes

237

(1)

Additional Readings

238

(1)

Mill: Grounding Liberty

239

(17)

Introduction

239

(1)

Utilitarianism

240

(1)

Mill's Revision of Utilitarian Method

241

(1)

Human Nature

242

(1)

Tyranny of the Majority

243

(1)

Liberty

244

(2)

Benefits of Liberty

245

(1)

Spheres of Liberty

246

(1)

Truth

246

(1)

Limited Government

247

(1)

Political Economy

248

(1)

Women, Politics, and the Family

249

(1)

Representative Government

250

(2)

Structure and Role of Government

252

(1)

Conclusion

253

(1)

Notes

254

(1)

Additional Readings

255

(1)

Marx: Revealing History's Meaning

256

(21)

Introduction

256

(1)

Marx's Problem

257

(3)

Method: From Hegel to Marx

260

(2)

Stages of History

262

(4)

Prehistory

263

(1)

Precapitalism

264

(1)

Capitalism

265

(1)

Poverty and Alienation

266

(1)

Scientific Socialism

267

(1)

Gender and the Family

268

(2)

The Future

270

(2)

Conclusion

272

(2)

Notes

274

(2)

Additional Readings

276

(1)

Part Four POSTMODERN POLITICAL THOUGHT AND BEYOND

Postmodern Political Thought: Freud, Nietzsche and the End of Reason

277

(18)

Introduction

277

(1)

Sigmund Freud

278

(3)

Endless Human Misery

278

(2)

Costs of Civilization

280

(1)

Friedrich Nietzsche

281

(3)

Human Nature and the Transvaluation of Values

282

(1)

Crisis of Modernity

282

(2)

Nietzsche, Freud, and the Origins of Postmodern Politics

284

(2)

Feminism and Postmodern Politics

286

(3)

Political Philosophy at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century

289

(3)

Conclusion

292

(1)

Notes

292

(2)

Additional Readings

294

(1)

Inventors of Ideas and Their Inventions: The Continuing Challenge

295

(6)

The Importance of Ideas

295

(1)

Continuity and Change

296

(1)

Conclusion

297

(2)

Notes

299

(1)

Additional Readings

300

(1)

Index

301

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Inventors of Ideas Introduction to Western Political Philosophy

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