1. The Social and Economic History of Egypt, 1760-1815: A Study in Merchant Capital and Its Transformation
3
(32)
2. The Religious Framework of the Eighteenth-Century Revival
35
(22)
3. The Cultural Revival of the Late Eighteenth Century: Literature, Language Sciences, and History
57
(19)
4. The Decline of the Eighteenth-Century Cultural Revival: The Formation of Shaykh Hasan al-Attar
76
(16)
5. Turkey and Syria in the Early Nineteenth Century: The Travels of al-Attar and the Preparation for Egyptian Reform
92
(19)
6. The Muhammad Ali Period, 1815-1837: State Commercial Sector and the Second Phase of the Cultural Awakening in Egypt
111
(21)
7. The Revival of Theology and Kalam: Hallmarks of the Culture of the State Commercial Sector
132
(19)
8. The Reform Period, 1815-1837, and the Development of Neoclassical Culture: The Study of Language Sciences, Literature, and History
151
(14)
9. The World Market as a Limiting Factor in the Development of Neoclassicism: The Case of Science and Medicine
165
(13)
10. Conclusion
178
(11)
Appendices
189
(20)
I. The Maqamat al-Attar
189
(3)
II. Al-Attar's Itinerary from 1802 to 1810
192
(5)
III. The Writings of Hasan al-Attar
197
(12)
Notes
209
(42)
Glossary
251
(6)
Selected Bibliography
257
(14)
Index of Terms and Concepts
271
(3)
Index of Names
274
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