Issues in Race, Ethnicity and Gender

, by CQ Press

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ISBN: 9781568028729 | 1568028725
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/1/2004

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Annotated Contents

Preface

xiii

Contributors

xvii

RACE

Affirmative Action

(22)

Should colleges use race-based admissions policies to remedy discrimination against minorities?

(1)

Should colleges use race-based admissions policies to promote diversity in their student populations?

(2)

Should colleges adopt other policies to try to increase minority enrollment?

(2)

Background

(7)

Unequal Opportunity

(1)

Affirmative Action

(1)

Negative Reaction

(2)

Legal Battles

(3)

Current Situation

(1)

Split Decisions?

(1)

Outlook: Reform or Status Quo?

(2)

Notes

(1)

Bibliography

(4)

Reparations Movement

(22)

Should the United States pay reparations to African-American descendants of slaves?

(2)

Have efforts to collect reparations for Holocaust victims gone too far?

(2)

Does putting a price tag on suffering diminish that suffering?

(2)

Background

(5)

Ancient Notion

(1)

Native Americans

(1)

Restitution to ``Comfort Women''

(1)

Japanese-Americans

(2)

The Holocaust

(2)

Current Situation

(3)

Reparations for Slavery

(3)

Outlook: Starting a Dialogue

(1)

Notes

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

Redistricting Disputes

(24)

Should states redraw congressional district lines in the middle of a decade?

(1)

Should courts limit partisan gerrymandering?

(1)

Should states use nonpartisan or bipartisan bodies to oversee redistricting?

(2)

Background

(8)

Political Conflicts

(3)

Court Battles

(1)

Building Blocs

(1)

Escalating Warfare

(3)

Current Situation

(2)

Designing Districts

(1)

Taking Seconds

(1)

Outlook: Winners Take All?

(1)

Notes

(1)

Bibliography

(2)

Policing the Police

(30)

Should the Miranda rule regarding police interrogation be relaxed?

(3)

Are stronger measures needed to prevent use of excessive force by police officers?

(3)

Should the use of ``racial profiling'' be prohibited?

(1)

Background

(8)

A Checkered Past

(2)

Miranda's Rights

(3)

Use of Force

(2)

``Driving While Black''

(1)

Current Situation

(5)

Debating Miranda

(2)

Judging Police

(1)

Watching for Profiling

(3)

Outlook: The Public's Trust

(2)

Notes

(1)

Bibliography

(4)

Environmental Justice

(20)

Do poor and minority populations suffer disproportionately from exposure to toxic materials?

102

(2)

Does President Clinton's 1994 executive order provide sufficient guarantees of environmental justice?

104

(1)

Does the focus on environmental justice distract attention from bigger health problems in poor and minority communities?

105

(1)

Background

105

(2)

Plight of the Poor

105

(1)

Birth of a Movement

106

(1)

Clinton's Policies

107

(1)

Current Situation

107

(6)

Recent Cases

107

(3)

Pressure on EPA

110

(3)

Aid for ``Brownfields''

113

(1)

Outlook: Impact on Business

113

(2)

Notes

115

(1)

Bibliography

116

(3)

Income Inequality

119

(22)

Does the income gap matter?

123

(2)

Is racism a leading cause of income disparity in the United States?

125

(1)

Should the government do more to reduce income disparity?

126

(4)

Background

130

(3)

Postwar Prosperity

130

(1)

Energy Crises

131

(1)

The Shrinking Middle

132

(1)

Current Situation

133

(3)

Clinton's Policies

133

(1)

Impact of NAFTA

133

(1)

Minimum Wage Increases

134

(1)

The Strong Economy

134

(2)

Outlook: Fear of a Downturn

136

(1)

Notes

137

(1)

Bibliography

138

(3)

Race in America

141

(32)

Is discrimination still a problem in the United States?

145

(2)

Are blacks still economically disadvantaged due to racism?

147

(2)

Is the criminal-justice system racially biased?

149

(4)

Background

153

(7)

Road to Emancipation

153

(2)

Rise of `Jim Crow'

155

(1)

Civil-Rights Era

156

(1)

A Dream Deferred?

157

(2)

Persistent Poverty

159

(1)

Current Situation

160

(7)

Affirmative-Action Ruling

160

(3)

Bush Administration

163

(4)

Action in the States

167

(1)

Outlook: Lingering Problems?

167

(1)

Notes

168

(1)

Bibliography

169

(4)

School Desegregation

173

(26)

Is racial imbalance in schools increasing due to court actions?

177

(2)

Do minorities suffer educationally because of racial isolation?

179

(2)

Would ``school choice'' policies help reduce the racial gap in educational achievement for African-Americans and Latinos?

181

(5)

Background

186

(6)

Long, Hard Road

186

(1)

Bumps in the Road

187

(3)

Reversing Directions?

190

(2)

Current Situation

192

(1)

Race-Counting

192

(1)

Race-Mixing?

193

(1)

Outlook: Mixed Records

193

(1)

Notes

194

(2)

Bibliography

196

(3)

ETHNICITY AND IMMIGRATION

Debate Over Immigration

199

(20)

Does the United States admit too many immigrants?

202

(1)

Should the Immigration and Naturalization Service crack down on employers who knowingly hire illegal immigrants?

203

(2)

Should the number of H-1B visas be increased?

205

(2)

Background

207

(4)

The Latest Wave

207

(3)

Family Reunification

210

(1)

Current Situation

211

(2)

Election Issue?

211

(2)

Outlook: Focus on the Economy

213

(3)

Notes

216

(1)

Bibliography

217

(2)

The New Immigrants

219

(22)

Are immigrants doing enough to fit into American life?

221

(5)

Should immigrants be permitted to hold dual citizenship?

226

(1)

Are Americans doing enough to ease the transition of new immigrants?

227

(5)

Background

232

(2)

A Nation of Immigrants

232

(1)

Founding Fathers' Nationalism

232

(1)

Rising Hostility

232

(1)

Fear of Foreigners

233

(1)

Ethnic Pride

233

(1)

Current Situation

234

(3)

Immigration Politics?

234

(2)

Ethnics for Democrats

236

(1)

A Changed Congress?

236

(1)

Outlook: Weaving New Fabric

237

(1)

Notes

237

(2)

Bibliography

239

(2)

Latinos' Future

241

(24)

Will Latinos' political clout equal their demographic strength in the near future?

245

(3)

Is the Latino population in the United States growing too fast?

248

(1)

Should greater efforts be made to pass on American values and culture to Latino newcomers?

249

(3)

Background

252

(4)

Demographic Earthquake

252

(2)

The Same, Yet Different

254

(2)

Current Situation

256

(3)

Latino Attitudes

256

(2)

The American Dream

258

(1)

Hard Lives for Illegals

259

(1)

Outlook: Post-Ethnic America?

259

(1)

Notes

260

(1)

Bibliography

261

(4)

Native Americans' Future

265

(22)

Do Indian tribes depend too heavily on aid from the federal government?

269

(3)

Is gambling the Indians' best hope for economic development?

272

(1)

Are Indians today victims of widespread discrimination?

273

(3)

Background

276

(3)

Early Treaties

276

(1)

Indians Pushed Out

277

(1)

Forced Assimilation

277

(1)

Allotment Policy Ends, Termination Begins

278

(1)

Self-Determination

278

(1)

Indian Gaming

279

(1)

Current Situation

279

(4)

Clinton's Policy

279

(1)

Program Cuts

280

(2)

Tribal Sovereignty

282

(1)

Outlook: Taking Control

283

(1)

Notes

283

(1)

Bibliography

284

(3)

Policing the Borders

287

(20)

Can the United States track foreign visitors effectively?

289

(2)

Can the United States keep weapons of mass destruction out of the country?

291

(4)

Should lawmakers create a new border security agency?

295

(2)

Background

297

(3)

Open-Door Policy

297

(1)

Federal Controls

297

(1)

Growing Concern

298

(1)

Sweeping New Laws

299

(1)

Current Situation

300

(3)

Administration Action

300

(1)

Congress Responds

301

(2)

Outlook: Civil Liberties

303

(1)

Notes

303

(1)

Bibliography

304

(3)

GENDER

Women in Sports

307

(20)

Are colleges playing numbers games with Title IX compliance?

309

(2)

Can professional women's sports leagues survive?

311

(3)

Do female athletes who pose for sexy photographs diminish women's accomplishments in sports?

314

(1)

Background

315

(3)

For Men Only

315

(2)

Title IX to the Rescue

317

(1)

Storming the Barricades

317

(1)

Current Situation

318

(5)

White House Scrutiny

318

(3)

Big Budget Football

321

(2)

Outlook: Focus on Enforcement

323

(1)

Notes

323

(2)

Bibliography

325

(2)

Gay Marriage

327

(26)

Would recognizing same-sex unions benefit gay men and lesbians?

331

(2)

Would recognizing same-sex unions hurt heterosexual marriage?

333

(2)

Are children helped or hurt by being raised in homosexual households?

335

(2)

Background

337

(9)

`More than Brothers'

337

(1)

Coming Out

337

(3)

Defending Marriage

340

(2)

`Marriage Equality'

342

(4)

Current Situation

346

(2)

Making Commitments

346

(1)

Debating Marriage

347

(1)

Outlook: Brave New World?

348

(2)

Notes

350

(1)

Bibliography

351

(2)

Abortion Debates

353

(20)

Should Roe v. Wade be overturned?

356

(3)

Should Congress ban so-called ``partial-birth'' abortions?

359

(2)

Should Congress and the states enact additional restrictions on abortion?

361

(2)

Background

363

(4)

Road to Roe

363

(1)

From Roe to Casey

364

(1)

Abortion-Rights Gains

365

(1)

Anti-Abortion Advances

366

(1)

Current Situation

367

(2)

``Abortion-Pill'' Controversy

367

(1)

Legislative Battles

368

(1)

Outlook: Unabated Conflict

369

(3)

Notes

372

(1)

Bibliography

373

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Issues in Race, Ethnicity and Gender

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Supplemental Materials