Jazz Arranging

Examines arranging methods and their applications. It is designed to be used in a jazz studies program and as a professional reference manual for musicians. The text begins with a historical overview of jazz band instruments and a study of their characteristics. The body of the text includes an examination of relevant terminology, notational devices, principles of theory, and arranging techniques.

Preface

xi

Introduction

1

(4)

Jazz-Band Instrumentation

5

(18)

Historical Overview

5

(3)

Rhythm Section

5

(1)

Woodwinds

6

(1)

Brasses

7

(1)

Transposition

8

(1)

Instrument Properties and Ranges

9

(11)

Piano

10

(1)

Electric Guitar

11

(1)

Double Bass

12

(1)

Electric Bass

12

(1)

Vibraphone

12

(1)

Drums

13

(1)

Soprano Saxophone

14

(1)

Alto Saxophone

14

(1)

Tenor Saxophone

14

(1)

Baritone Saxophone

15

(1)

Clarinet

15

(1)

Bass Clarinet

16

(1)

Flute

16

(1)

Trumpet

16

(1)

Flugelhorn

17

(1)

Trombone

17

(1)

Bass Trombone

18

(1)

Horn

19

(1)

Tuba

19

(1)

Brass Muting

20

(1)

Straight Mute

20

(1)

Cup Mute

20

(1)

Harmon Mute

20

(1)

Plunger

20

(1)

Into the Stand

21

(1)

Exercises

21

(2)

Preparatory Information

23

(16)

Terminology

23

(1)

Head

23

(1)

Straight Ahead

23

(1)

Chart

23

(1)

Soli

23

(1)

Tutti

24

(1)

Consonance/Dissonance

24

(1)

Notational Procedure

24

(7)

Tempo

24

(1)

Articulation and Phrasing

25

(2)

Glissando, Fall-off, Doit

27

(1)

Fermata

27

(1)

Dynamics

28

(1)

Score

29

(1)

System

29

(1)

Parts

30

(1)

Principles of Theory

31

(5)

Diatonic Scale

31

(1)

Chromatic Scale

31

(1)

Interval

31

(2)

Tritone

33

(1)

Voicing

33

(2)

Extensions

35

(1)

Guide Tones

36

(1)

Exercises

36

(3)

Form and Design

39

(13)

General Information

39

(1)

Standards

39

(1)

Verse and Chorus

39

(1)

Lead Sheet

39

(1)

Common 32-Measure Forms

40

(5)

AABA

40

(1)

AABC, ABAC

40

(1)

ABCD

40

(5)

Optional Forms

45

(1)

Repeats and Endings

46

(3)

Added Components

49

(2)

Introduction

49

(1)

Coda

49

(1)

D.C./D.S.

49

(1)

Tag Ending

50

(1)

Exercises

51

(1)

Melody

52

(12)

Melody/Lead Line

52

(5)

Modification

52

(2)

Syncopated Rhythm/Swing

54

(3)

Melodic Analysis

57

(2)

Chord Tones and Extensions

57

(1)

Passing Tones

57

(1)

Approach Notes

58

(1)

Surround Tones

59

(1)

Neighbor Tones

59

(1)

Melody: Ranges and Instrumentation

59

(3)

Exercises

62

(2)

The Rhythm Section

64

(17)

General Notational Practice

64

(2)

Slash Notation

64

(1)

Note-head Shapes

65

(1)

Sharing Lines in the Score

66

(1)

Drums

66

(1)

Bass

67

(2)

Swing/Walking Bass

67

(1)

Latin

68

(1)

Rock, Funk, Soul

69

(1)

Piano

69

(4)

Basic Voice Leading/Piano Technique

69

(3)

Notational Methods

72

(1)

The Electric Guitar

73

(1)

The Vibraphone

74

(1)

Musical Devices

75

(2)

Ostinato

75

(1)

Pedal

75

(1)

Vamp

76

(1)

Score Practice

77

(2)

Exercises

79

(2)

Two Parts

81

(19)

Two-part Soli

81

(6)

Approach-note Harmonization

87

(3)

Scale Approaches

87

(1)

Chromatic Approaches

88

(1)

Consecutive Approaches

89

(1)

Neighbor Tones

90

(1)

Guide-tone Lines

90

(1)

Unisons

91

(1)

Additional Voicing Procedures

92

(2)

Parallel Seconds and Fourths

93

(1)

Backgrounds

94

(2)

Guide-tone Backgrounds

95

(1)

Score Practice

96

(2)

Exercises

98

(2)

Three, Four, and Five Parts

100

(21)

Fundamental Methods

100

(4)

Close Voicings

100

(1)

Drop Two

101

(1)

Drop Three

101

(1)

Drop Two and Four

102

(1)

Melody Ranges for Drop Voicings

103

(1)

Mixed Structures

103

(1)

Extensions

104

(4)

General Practice

104

(1)

Three and Four Parts

104

(2)

Five Parts

106

(2)

Independent Lead

108

(1)

Approach-note Harmonization

108

(3)

Scale, Chromatic, Neighbor

109

(1)

Dominant Reharmonization

110

(1)

Unisons

111

(1)

Voicing Considerations

112

(4)

Placement of the Lowest Note

112

(1)

Spacing

113

(2)

Altered-Extension Combinations

115

(1)

Score Practice

116

(1)

Exercises

117

(4)

Special Voicings

121

(17)

Voicings in Fourths

122

(3)

Spreads

125

(3)

Clusters

128

(3)

Upper Structures

131

(2)

Six Parts

133

(2)

Exercises

135

(3)

Expanded Methods

138

(9)

Arbitrary Voicings

138

(2)

Spacing

138

(1)

Voice Leading

139

(1)

Linear Arranging

140

(5)

Placement of Dissonance

141

(2)

Linking Climactic Points

143

(2)

Exercises

145

(2)

Large Ensembles

147

(10)

Ensemble Writing

147

(3)

Combinations

150

(2)

Doubling

152

(3)

Woodwind Doubles

152

(1)

Brass Doubles

153

(1)

Rhythm-section Doubles

154

(1)

Exercises

155

(2)

Big Band

157

(27)

Instrumentation

157

(1)

Section Writing

158

(8)

Saxophone Section

158

(3)

Trumpet Section

161

(2)

Trombone Section

163

(1)

Independent Lead

164

(1)

Muted Brasses

165

(1)

Section Against Section

166

(2)

Ensemble Writing

168

(4)

Basic Procedures

169

(1)

Concerted Writing

170

(1)

Shared Lead

171

(1)

Unisons

172

(1)

Chords

173

(3)

Saxophones and Trombones

173

(1)

Brasses

174

(1)

Full Big Band

175

(1)

Doubling in Big Band

176

(3)

Horn and Tuba

179

(3)

Exercises

182

(2)

Appendix 1: Score and Parts

184

(6)

Score

184

(4)

Parts

188

(2)

Appendix 2: The Arranger's Tools

190

(3)

Music Pens, Pencils, Papers

190

(1)

Computers: Hardware and Music Software

191

(2)

Bibliography

193

(2)

Index

195

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Jazz Arranging

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