Jazz Race and Social Change (1870-2019)

Jazz: Race and Social Change (1870-2019) explores the tremendous evolution of jazz over the past 125 years, through struggles for racial and gender equality, major demographic upheavals, startling technological innovations, economic and political turmoil, and music-business practices. Taking an expansive view of the music, the book includes such genres as ragtime, orchestral jazz, the New Orleans style, crooners, big bands, bebop, soul jazz, free jazz, fusion, acid jazz, and hip-hop jazz. It also includes interactive listening guides that strengthen students' comprehension of the material.

One of the only textbooks on the market that covers jazz to the present day, Jazz: Race and Social Change (1870-2019) provides unique social and cultural coverage of jazz's entanglement with the pursuits of racial, gender, and economic equality.

David Szatmary has taught American, African-American, and music history at the University of Arizona and the University of Washington, where he was also Vice Provost for thirty years. He has written Rockin' In Time: A Social History of Rock and Roll, now in its ninth edition (2018) and A Time to Rock (1996). Szatmary has contributed to the AllMusic Guides to rock and jazz, has reviewed music publications extensively for Library Journal, and also has appeared on radio and television as an expert on music.

Introduction
Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. The Origins of Jazz: African Music, the African-American Church, Brass Bands, and New Orleans Culture
The Term "Jazz": Its Meanings, Origins, and Connection to Race
The African Musical Heritage of Jazz
Listening Guide 1: "Can't You Line 'Em" by John Williams and His Fellow Inmates at the Virginia State Penitentiary
The African-American Church Nurtures the African-American Musical Tradition
Minstrel Shows: Both Perpetuating Racism and Fostering African-American Musicians
The Brass Band Craze as a Precursor to Jazz
New Orleans Brass Bands
Creole Culture: Distinctions of Color and the European Connection to Jazz

Chapter 2. Ragtime and the Emergence of Jazz: Race, Urbanization, and New Technology
Ragtime Combines African-American and European Music
Early Rags
Young, Upwardly Mobile, African-American Ragtime Innovators
Listening Guide 2: "Maple Leaf Rag" by Scott Joplin
Ragtime Gains Popularity in Red Light Districts on the Urban Frontier
The Ragtime Craze Begins: Steamboats, Railroads, and the Exposition of 1904
Dancing to the Rags: The Cakewalk and The Castles
The Piano, Pianolas, and the Sheet-Music Boom Help Popularize Ragtime
The Cylinder-Playing Phonograph and the Expansion of Ragtime
Records and the Gramophone

Chapter 3. The Jazz Age and the Transformation of American Life: White Bands, Urbanization, and a New Consumer Society
The Original Dixieland Jazz Band Starts a Jazz Boom
Listening Guide 3: "Livery Stable Blues" by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band
The White Dixieland Jazz Explosion
Listening Guide 4: "Farewell Blues" by New Orleans Rhythm Kings
The Urbanization of America
The Consumer Culture
Jazz in a Consumer Society
The Education of Paul Whiteman
The Whiteman Band
Paul Whiteman--The King of Jazz
Listening Guide 5: "Japanese Sandman" by the Paul Whiteman Orchestra
Symphonic Jazz Sweeps the Nation

Chapter 4. Jazz, the Great Migration, and the Blues: The Rise of the Urban Blues in the Era of the "New Woman"
The Birth of the Rural Blues: Cheap Guitars and the African-American Church
The Urban Piano Blues
Blues Compositions
Listening Guide 6: "St. Louis Blues" by W.C. Handy Orchestra
Stride Piano
Listening Guide 7: "The Charleston" by James P. Johnson
A Mania over Female African-American Blues Singers
Listening Guide 8: "Back-Water Blues" by Bessie Smith
The New American Woman
Vaudeville and TOBA.
The Expansion of the Record Business to Cater to the Blues Market
The Great Migration of Southern African-Americans to the North

Chapter 5. Chicago Jazz and Territorial Bands: Hoodlums, Bootleg Booze, and Radio
The Great Musical Migration to Chicago
The Chicago Stroll: The Home of Chicago Jazz
Jazz, Prohibition, and Al Capone
The Ebullient Chicago Brass Bands
King Oliver in Chicago
Louis Armstrong Arrives
Listening Guide 9: "Dipper Mouth Blues" by King Oliver and his Creole Band with Louis Armstrong
Kansas City, Territory Bands, and the Pendergast Machine
Listening Guide 10: "Moten Swing" by Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra
Louis Armstrong Becomes a Star
Listening Guide 11: "Heebie Jeebies" by Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five
Jazz Moves from Chicago to Harlem
The Dawn of the Radio Age
Radio Catapults Jazz into the National Spotlight

Chapter 6. New York Jazz, 1927-1932: Duke Ellington, the Mob, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Media
Duke Ellington Gets His Start in Music
Ellington Travels to New York
The Ellington Band
The Symphonic Blues
Ellington's Early Recordings
Duke at the Cotton Club
Listening Guide 12: "East St. Louis Toodle-Oo" by Duke Ellington and His Kentucky Club Orchestra
Listening Guide 13: "Black and Tan Fantasy" by the Duke Ellington Orchestra
African-American Harlem
The Mob Invades Harlem
Duke Ellington and the Mob
Whites Descend upon Harlem
Irving Mills and the Media
The Ellington Image
The Harlem Renaissance
Ellington and the Harlem Renaissance
Ellington as a Maturing Composer
Listening Guide 14: "Mood Indigo (Dreamy Blues)" by Duke Ellington Orchestra as the Harlem Footwarmers
The Cotton Club Legacy: Cab Calloway and Jimmie Lunceford
Listening Guide 15: "Mood Indigo" by the Jimmie Lunceford Orchestra
A Race Riot and the End of the Harlem Club Scene

Chapter 7. The Great Depression and the Growth of Radio: Hard Times Hit the Entertainment Business
The Great Depression
The Entertainment Industry in the Depression
The Jukebox and Radio
The Condenser Microphone
Bing Crosby: The Advent of the Crooner
Listening Guide 16: "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime" by Bing Crosby and the Lennie Hayton Orchestra
The Sweet Bands: Guy Lombardo

Chapter 8. Big-Band Swing: The New Deal, Jitterbugs, and Racial Integration
Benny Goodman and Big-Band Swing
Listening Guide 17: "King Porter" by the Benny Goodman Orchestra
The New Deal and the Easing of the Great Depression
The Teenage Jitterbugs
The Business of Swing
Count Basie and Kansas City Swing
Listening Guide 18: "One O'Clock Jump" by the Count Basie Orchestra
Swing and the Beginning of Racial Integration in Jazz
Listening Guide 19: "Moonglow" by the Benny Goodman Quartet
Swing's the Thing

Chapter 9. World War II and Jazz: Sentimental Bands, All-Female Big Bands, and a New Musical Idol
World War II
Jazz Goes to War: The Effect of World War II on Jazz
All-Female Jazz Bands
Wartime Rationing
Glenn Miller: Sweet and Sentimental
Listening Guide 20: "Tuxedo Junction" by the Glenn Miller Orchestra
The Dorseys: Sweetly Swinging Sounds
Harry James: From Hot To Sweet
Artie Shaw's Sweetened Jazz
Listening Guide 21: "Begin the Beguine" by the Artie Shaw Orchestra
The Rise of Sinatra
Listening Guide 22: "I'll Never Smile Again" by the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra with Frank Sinatra
Sinatra Mania
The Teenage-Girl Market Makes Sinatra an Idol
The Recording Ban
Other Major Jazz Vocalists
The Decline of the Big Bands

Chapter 10. The Bebop Revolution: The Rise of African-American Self-Expression
The Birth of Bop
Listening Guide 23: "Blue Monk" by Thelonious Monk
Young, Gifted, and African-American
African Americans and World War II: The Quest for Victory Abroad and at Home
Riots in Detroit and New York City
Bop and the African-American Experience
Big-Band Bop
The Flowering of Bop
West Coast Bop
Listening Guide 24: "Ko Ko" by Charlie Parker's Ri-Bop Boys
The Bop Cult of Hip Teens
Listening Guide 25: "A Night in Tunisia" by the Dizzy Gillespie Septet
The Bop Mania Subsides

Chapter 11. Jumpin' the Blues: Boogie Woogie, Deejays, and the Second Great Migration
The Boogie-Woogie Craze
The Big-Band Boogie of Lionel Hampton and Lucky Millinder
Listening Guide 26: "Flying Home" by Lionel Hampton with Illinois Jacquet
The Second Great Migration of African Americans
Louis Jordan and the Jump Blues
Listening Guide 27: "Caldonia" by Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five
The Rise of Independent Record Companies
The Dawn of the Disc Jockey
Jump Blues on Top

Chapter 12. Jazz in the Postwar Years: Anti-Communist Paranoia, the GI Bill, and the Long-Playing Record
Anti-Communist Paranoia
Jazz Goes to College on the G.I. Bill
Stan Kenton and his Jagged Music
The Long-Playing Record

Chapter 13. Cool, Classical, and Respectable: Jazz Goes Mainstream
The Relaxed California Sound
The Lighthouse
West Coast Jazz
Listening Guide 28: "Line for Lyons" by the Gerry Mulligan Quartet
The Modern Jazz Quartet: East Coast Cool
The Making of Miles Davis: Newport and George Avakian
Listening Guide 29: "So What" by the Miles Davis Group
The Triumph of Dave Brubeck: Colleges and Columbia Records
Listening Guide 30: "Take Five" by the Dave Brubeck Group
Brubeck as a Weapon in the Cold War
The Third Stream of Gunther Schuller

Chapter 14. The Civil-Rights Era: Hard Bop and Soul Jazz
The Birth of Hard Bop
Hard Bop at the Lunch Counter
Listening Guide 31: "Driva' Man" by the Max Roach Group
Riding for Freedom
Listening Guide 32: "The Freedom Rider" by Art Blakey
Jazz, the March on Washington, and the Birmingham Bombing
Hard Bop and the African Heritage
Soul Jazz and the African-American Identity
Listening Guide 33: "Dat Dere" by the Bobby Timmons Group
Integrating the American Federation of Musicians

Chapter 15. Free Jazz: Asserting African-American Independence
Civil Rights and the Great Society
There's A Riot Going On
Black Power
The Jazz Avant-Garde and Civil Rights
Listening Guide 34: "Ghost" by the Albert Ayler Quintet
The Sound of Freedom: Ornette Coleman
Free Jazz Gets Organized: UGMA and the AACM
The Black Artists Group
Jazz Collectives in New York City
Free Jazz on Independent Labels
The Avant-Garde Goes Mainstream
John Coltrane as a Free-Jazz Symbol
Listening Guide 35: "Jupiter" by John Coltrane and Rashied Ali

Chapter 16. Jazz Goes Electric: Fusion, Jazz-Funk, and Smooth Jazz
Bitches Brew
Listening Guide 36: "Miles Runs the Voodoo Down" by the Miles Davis Band
The Sobering Seventies
The Offspring of Miles: Fusion Explodes on the Scene
Listening Guide 37: "Birds of Fire" by Mahavishnu Orchestra with John McLaughlin
Jazz-Funk Fusion
Smooth Jazz in a Declining Economy
Listening Guide 38: "Don't Make Me Wait for Love" by Kenny G

Chapter 17. Back to the Future: Wynton Marsalis and the Jazz Tradition
A Tale of Two Approaches
Listening Guide 39: "Tutu" by Miles Davis
Listening Guide 40: "Delfeayo's Dilemma" by Wynton Marsalis Group
Trickling Down with Ronald Reagan
The Jazz Heritage and the Compact Disc
The Young Lions of Neo-Bop

Chapter 18. Jazz in the Age of Technology: Hip Hop-Jazz, Acid Jazz, and the Internet
Chicago House
A Rave New World
The Birth of Acid Jazz
Acid Jazz Takes Hold
Listening Guide 41: "Put the Funk Back in It" by The Brand New Heavies
Hip-Hop Jazz
Listening Guide 42: "Rockit" by Herbie Hancock
Listening Guide 43: "Jazz Music" by Gang Starr
How the Internet Transformed the Jazz Business

Chapter 19. Jazz in a Troubled Twenty-First-Century America: Hard Times, Black Lives Matter, and #MeToo
War and the Great Recession
The Jazz Songstresses
Listening Guide 44: "I Remember You" by Diana Krall
The Twenty-First Century Sinatras
Listening Guide 45: "That's Life" by Michael Buble
The Resurgence of Tony Bennett
Jazz in a Divided America: Black Lives Matter
Listening Guide 46: "This Is Not Fear" by The Robert Glasper Experiment
Jazz and the #MeToo Movement

Bibliography
Index