The Jew in the Modern World A Documentary History

The last two centuries have witnessed a radical transformation of Jewish life. Marked by such profound events as the emancipation from the ghettoes of Europe, the Holocaust and the establishment of the State of Israel, Judaism's long journey through the modern age has been a complex and tumultuous one, leading many Jews to ask themselves not only where they have been and where they are going, but what it means to be a Jew in today's world. Tracing the dramatic changes in Jewish religion, culture, and identity from the seventeenth century to 1948, The Jew in the Modern World , Third Edition, remains the most complete sourcebook on modern Jewish history available. Now thoroughly expanded and updated, this critically acclaimed volume of primary materials features previously unpublished and inaccessible sources concerning the Jewish experience in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; women in Jewish history; American Jewish life; the Holocaust; and Zionism and the nascent Jewish community in Palestine on the eve of the establishment of the State of Israel. The documents are arranged chronologically in each chapter and are meticulously and extensively annotated and cross-referenced. Providing useful tables detailing Jewish demographic trends, this unique text is ideal for courses in modern Jewish history, Zionism and Israel, the Holocaust, or modern European history. New to this Edition * Includes more documents that cover the post-1945 period * Offers more selections on Jewish women * A new chapter on Oriental and Sephardi Jewry * Provides additional maps and timelines

Paul Mendes-Flohr is Professor of Modern Jewish Thought in the Divinity School and an associate member of the department of history at the University of Chicago. He is the author or editor of numerous books and serves as the editor-in-chief, with Peter Schäfer and Bernd Witte, of the twenty-two-volume German edition of the collected works of Martin Buber.

Jehuda Reinharz is the Richard Koret Professor of Modern Jewish History at Brandeis University and President of the Mandel Foundation. He is the author, editor, or coeditor of numerous books, including Chaim Weizmann: The Making of a Statesman (OUP, 1993) and Chaim Weizmann: The Making of a Zionist Leader (OUP, 1985). His most recent book (with Yaacov Shavit) is Glorious, Accursed Europe (2010).

Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Introduction
I. HARBINGERS OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGE
1. How Profitable the Nation of the Jews Are (1655), MENASSEH BEN ISRAEL
2. Reasons for Naturalizing the Jews in Great Britain and Ireland (1714), JOHN TOLAND
3. Declaration Protecting the Interest of Jews Residing in the Netherlands (July 13, 1657), The Estates General of the Republic of the United Provinces
4. Act of Suriname (August 17, 1665), British Colonial Commissioner
5. The Appointment of Samson Wertheimer as Imperial Court Factor (August 29, 1703), EMPEROR LEOPOLD I
6. The Plantation Act (March 19, 1740), The Houses of Parliament
7. The Charter Decreed for the Jews of Prussia (April 17, 1750), FREDERICK II
8. "The Jew Bill" (1753), The Houses of Parliament of Great Britain
9. Concerning the Amelioration of the Civil Status of the Jews (1781), CHRISTIAN WILHELM VON DOHM
10. Arguments Against Dohm (1782), JOHANN DAVID MICHAELIS
11. Response to Dohm (1782), MOSES MENDELSSOHN
12. Remarks Concerning Michaelis's Response to Dohm, MOSES MENDELSSOHN
13. Edict of Tolerance (January 2, 1782), JOSEPH II
14. Patent of Tolerance for Jews of Galicia (May 27, 1785), EMPEROR JOSEPH II
15. Petition to the Hungarian Diet (June 1790), The Community of Jews Living in Hungary
16. De Judaeis: Law Governing the Status of the Jews of Hungary (1791), LEOPOLD II
17. An Essay on the Physical, Moral and Political Reformation of the Jews (1789), ABBÉ GRÉGOIRE
I I . HARBINGERS OF CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CHANGE
1. The Writ of Excommunication Against Baruch Spinoza (July 27, 1656), The Sephardi Community of Amsterdam
2. On the Election of the Jews, BARUCH SPINOZA
3. Moses Mendelssohn Visits the Seer of Koenigsberg (1777)
4. The Jews (1754), GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM LESSING
5. A Parable of Toleration (1779), GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM LESSING
6. Letter to Markus Herz (1777), IMMANUEL KANT
7. The Right to be Different (1783), MOSES MENDELSSOHN
8. Words of Peace and Truth (1782), NAPHTALI HERZ (HARTWIG) WESSELY
9. A Sermon contra Wessely (1782), DAVID (TEVELE) BEN NATHAN OF LISSA
10. Sermon on Wessely and the Edict of Tolerance (1782), EZEKIEL LANDAU
11. The Stream of Besor (April 1783), HAMEASEF
12. We Shall Not Be Deterred (1787), HAMEASEF
13. Preface to Volume One of Shulamith (1806), JOSEPH WOLF
14. Call for Religious Enlightenment (1808), SULAMITH
15. On the Need for a German Translation of Scripture (1782), MOSES MENDELSSOHN
16. On the Curtailment of Jewish Juridical Autonomy (1782), MOSES MENDELSSOHN
17. On Self-Development and the Abolishment of Jewish Autonomy (March 19, 1792), DAVID FRIEDLAENDER
18. Search for Light and Right: An Epistle to Moses Mendelssohn (1782)
19. Postscript to "Search for Light and Right" (1782), DAVID ERNST MOERSCHEL
20. Judaism Is the Cornerstone of Christianity (1783), MOSES MENDELSSOHN
21. Judaism as Revealed Legislation (1783), MOSES MENDELSSOHN
22. A Time Will Come When No One Will Inquire Who Is a Jew or a Christian (1789), JOHANN GOTTFRIED VON HERDER
23. Leviathan (1792), SAUL ASCHER
24. Notes Regarding the Characteristics of the Jews (1793), LAZARUS BENDAVID
25. The Euthanasia of Judaism (1798), IMMANUEL KANT
26. Open Letter to His Reverence, Probst Teller (1799), DAVID FRIEDLAENDER
I I I . THE PROCESS OF POLITICAL EMANCIPATION IN WESTERN EUROPE, 1789-1871
1. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (August 26, 1789), The French National Assembly
2. Debate on the Eligibility of Jews for Citizenship (December 23, 1789), The French National Assembly
3. Decree Recognizing the Sephardim as Citizens (January 28, 1790), The French National Assembly
4. The Constitution of France (September 3, 1791), The French National Assembly
5. The Emancipation of the Jews of France (September 28, 1791), The French National Assembly
6. Letter of a Citizen to His Fellow Jews (1791), BERR ISAAC BERR
7. Debate on Jewish Emancipation (August 22-31, 1796), National Assembly of Batavia
8. Emancipation of Dutch Jewry (September 9, 1796), National Assembly of Batavia
9. First Emancipation in Rome (February 1799), The Roman Republic
10. Tearing Down the Gates of the Venetian Ghetto (July 10, 1797), PIER GIAN MARIA DE FERRARI
11. Imperial Decree Calling for an Assembly of Jewish Notables (May 30, 1806), NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, EMPEROR OF FRANCE, KING OF ITALY
12. Instructions to the Assembly of Jewish Notables (July 29, 1806), COUNT MOLÉ
13. Reply on Behalf of the Assembly to Count Molé (July 29, 1806), ABRAHAM FURTADO
14. Answers to Napoleon (1806), The Assembly of Jewish Notables
15. Summons Convening the Parisian Sanhedrin (September 18, 1806), COUNT MOLÉ
16. Doctrinal Decisions (April 1807), The Parisian Sanhedrin
17. Reaction to Napoleon (c. 1814), The Hasidim of Poland
18. The "Infamous Decree" (1808), NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
19. Emancipation in Prussia (March 11, 1812), FREDERICK WILLIAM III
20. Article 16 of the Constitution of the German Confederation (June 8, 1815), The Congress of Vienna
21. The Paulus-Riesser Debate (1831), HEINRICH PAULUS AND GABRIEL RIESSER
22. Civil Disabilities of the Jews (1831), THOMAS MACAULAY
23. Emancipation Act (1832), Assembly of Lower Canada
24. The Law Concerning the Fundamental Rights of the German People: Religious Equality (1848), The Frankfurt National Parliament
25. The Jewish Relief Act (July 23, 1858), The Houses of Parliament
26. The North German Confederation and Jewish Emancipation (July 3, 1869), WILHELM I
27. Emancipation of Bavaria (April 22, 1871), WILHELM I
IV. EMERGING PATTERNS OF RELIGIOUS ADJUSTMENT: REFORM, CONSERVATIVE, NEO-ORTHODOX, AND ULTRAORTHODOX JUDAISM
1. Constitution of the Hamburg Temple (December 11, 1817), The New Israelite Temple Association
2. The Light of Splendor (1818), ELIEZER LIEBERMAN
3. These Are the Words of the Covenant (1819), The Hamburg Rabbinical Court
4. A Reply Concerning the Question of Reform (1819), HATAM SOFER
5. The Sword Which Avenges the Covenant (1819), MEYER ISRAEL BRESSELAU
6. Last Will and Testament (1839), HATAM SOFER
7. Mendelssohn's Biur Is Heretical (1865), RABBI MOSES SCHICK
8. The Question of Patriotism (June 1844), The Reform Rabbinical Conference at Brunswick
9. Hebrew as the Language of Jewish Prayer (1845), The Reform Rabbinical Conference at Frankfurt
10. The Question of Messianism (1845), The Reform Rabbinical Conference at Frankfurt
11. This Is Our Task (1853), SAMUEL HOLDHEIM
12. The Rationale of Reform (1844), AARON CHORIN
13. Open Rebuke (1845), SALOMON JEHUDA LEIB RAPPOPORT
14. On Changes in Judaism (1845), ZECHARIAS FRANKEL
15. Religion Allied to Progress (1854), SAMSON RAPHAEL HIRSCH
16. The Manifesto of Ultra-Orthodoxy (1865), The Rabbinical Decision of the Michalowce Assembly
17. The Secession of the Orthodox (1877), SAMSON RAPHAEL HIRSCH
V. MODERN JEWISH STUDIES
1. A Society for the Preservation of the Jewish People (1819), JOEL ABRAHAM LIST
2. Statutes (l822), The Society for the Culture and Science of the Jews
3. A Society to Further Jewish Integration (1822), EDUARD GANS
4. On the Concept of a Science of Judaism (1822), IMMANUEL WOLF
5. On Rabbinic Literature (1818), LEOPOLD ZUNZ
6. Scholarship and Emancipation (1832), LEOPOLOD ZUNZ
7. The Future of Jewish Studies (1869), MORITZ STEINSCHNEIDER
8. Jewish Scholarship and Religious Reform (1836), ABRAHAM GEIGER
9. A Sermon on the Science of Judaism (1855), SAMSON RAPHAEL HIRSCH
10. Learning Based on Faith (1860), SAMUEL DAVID LUZZATO
11. Mekize Nirdamim (1861), ELIEZER LIPMAN SILBERMANN
12. Jewish Scholarship: New Perspectives (1901), MARTIN BUBER
13. Documenting Jewish History in Eastern Europe (Februaury 25, 1927), SIMON DUBNOW ET AL.
14. What Is Jewish Ethnography? (1929), KHAYIM KHAYES AND NAFTULI VAYNIG
15. Science of Judaism, Its Achievements and Prospects (1971), GERSHOM SCHOLEM
V I . POLITICAL AND RACIAL ANTISEMITISM
1. Jews (1756), FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET (VOLTAIRE)
2. An Apology for the Jewish Nation (1762), ISAAC DE PINTO
3. Reply to de Pinto (c. 1762), FRANçOIS-MARIE AROUET (VOLTAIRE)
4. A State Within a State (1793), JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE
5. On the Danger to the Well-Being and Character of the Germans Presented by the Jews (1816), JAKOB FRIEDRICH FRIES
6. Our Visitors (1816), K. B. A. SESSA
7. Aspects of the Jewish Situation Requiring Correction (1819), LEOPOLD ZUNZ
8. The Jewish Mirror (1821), HARTWIG VON HUNDT-RADOWSKY
9. The Damascus Affair (1840)
10. Appeal to All Israelites (1860), Alliance Israélite Universelle
11. Our First Thirty-Five Years (1895), The Alliance Israélite Universelle
12. The Jewish Problem (1843), BRUNO BAUER
13. On the Jewish Problem (1844), KARL MARX
14. Jewry in Music (1850), RICHARD WAGNER
15. The Victory of Judaism over Germandom (1879), WILHELM MARR
16. The Question of the Jew Is a Question of Race (1881), KARL EUGEN DUEHRING
17. Judaism: Race or Religion? (1883), ERNEST RENAN
18. The Jews: Kings of the Epoch (1845), ALPHONSE TOUSSENEL
19. The Jews: Oppressed or Oppressors? (1877), FYODOR DOSTOIEVSKY
20. Jewish France (1886), EDOUARD-ADOLPHE DRUMONT
21. What We Demand of Modern Jewry (1879), ADOLF STOECKER
22. A Word About Our Jewry (1880), HEINRICH VON TREITSCHKE
23. Another Word About Our Jewry (1880), THEODOR MOMMSEN
24. Of the People of Israel (1882), FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
25. The Racists' Decalogue (1883), THEODOR FRITSCH
26. J'accuse (1898), ÉMILE ZOLA
27. The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), HOUSTON STEWART CHAMBERLAIN
28. The Rabbi's Speech: The Promise of World Domination (1872), ERMANN GOEDSCHE
29. Protocols of the Elders of Zion (c. 1902)
30. An Expert Opinion in Support of the Ritual Blood Accusation (1911), IVAN ALEXEYEVITCH SIKORSKY
V I I . EAST EUROPEAN JEWRY
1. A People That Dwells Apart (1892), HAROLD FREDERIC
2. Statutes Concerning the Organization of Jews ( December 9, 1804), ALEXANDER I
3. Statutes Regarding the Military Service of the Jew (August 26, 1827), NICHOLAS I
4. Delineation of the Pale of Settlement (April 1835), NICHOLAS I
5. The May Laws (May 3, 1882), ALEXANDER III
6. The Need for Enlightenment (1840), S. J. FUENN
7. A Jewish Program for Russification (1841), Maskilim to the Governors of the Pale
8. Awake My People! (1866), JUDAH LEIB GORDON
9. For Whom Do I Toil? (1871), JUDAH LEIB GORDON
10. The Tip of the Yud (1875), JUDAH LEIB GORDON
11. The New Hasidim (1793), SOLOMON MAIMON
12. Excommunication of the Hasidim (April 1772), The Rabbinical Leaders of Vilna
13. How I Became a Hasid (c. 1850), BARUCH MORDECAI ETTINGER
14. The Volozhin Yeshivah (1909), RABBI DAVID MOSES JOSEPH OF KRYNKI
15. The Musar Yeshivah (c. 1910), HIRSCH LEIB GORDON
16. The Modern Yeshivah of Lida (1907), ISAAC JACOB REINES
17. Russian Must Be Our Mother Tongue (1861), OSIP ARONOWICH RABINOWICH
18. Program (February 8, 1864), Society for the Promotion of Culture Among Jews
19. Yiddish Is a Corrupt Jargon (1828), ISAAC DOV LEVINSOHN
20. Hebrew-Our National Fortress (1868), PERETZ SMOLENSKIN
21. My Soul Desired Yiddish (1862), MENDELE MOYKHER SFORIM
22. European Culture Destroyed My Family (1909), PAULINE WENGEROFF
23. The Jewish Question in Eastern Europe (1877), AARON LIEBERMANN
24. The Plight of the Jews of Rumania (1878), Congress of Berlin
25. Awaiting a Pogrom in Vilna (1882)
26. The Massacre of Jews at Kishinev (June 1, 1903), N. TCHAYKOVSKY
27. The City of Slaughter (1903), HAIM NAHMAN BIALIK
28. The Beilis Trial (1913), The New York Times
29. To America or the Land of Israel? (1881), JUDAH LEIB LEVIN
30. On the Latest Wave of Emigration (1891), HAZFIRAH
31. Appeal to the Jews in Russia (1891), BARON MAURICE DE HIRSCH
32. Cultural Autonomy (1901), SIMON DUBNOW
33. Decisions on the Nationality Question (1899, 1901, 1905, 1910), THE BUND
34. The Helsingfors Program (1906), All-Russian Zionist Conference
35. Czernowitz Conference of the Yiddish Language (1908)
36. Women in the Bund and Poalei Zion (1937), MANYA SHOHAT
37. Critical Remarks on the National Question (1913), V. I. LENIN
38. The Jews Are Not a Nation (1913), JOSEPH STALIN
39. Emancipation by the March Revolution (1917), The Provision Government
40. The Liquidation of Bourgeois Jewish Institutions (1918), YEVSEKTSIYA
41. Minorities Treaty (June 28, 1919), The Allies and the Republic of Poland
42. Hungary Violates the Minorities Treaty (1921), LUCIEN WOLF
43. The Position of Hungarian Jewry (c. February 1939), The Jewish Community of Budapest
44. Appeal to the Jewish Workers and Toilers (1920), A Group of Jewish Soldiers of the Red Army
45. Constitution of the Republic of Poland (1921)
46. Why Did We Create the Minorities Bloc? (1922), YITZHAK GRUENBAUM
47. Birobidzhan: A Jewish Autonomous Region (1928)
48. We, Polish Jews . . ., JULIAN TUWIM
V I I I . SEPHARDI AND MIDDLE EASTERN JEWRY
1. A Call for Sephardi Enlightenment (1778), DAVID ATTIAS
2. The Crémieux Decree (October 24, 1870)
3. The Jews Under Italian Rule (circa 1906), MORDECHAI HA-KOHEN
4. The Privileges and Immunities of the Non-Muslim Communities (1856), SULTAN 'ABÜMECID
5. Petition for British Citizenship (November 18, 1918), The Jewish Community of Baghdad
6. Travail in an Arab Land (1792), SAMUEL ROMANELLI
7. A Critique of Popular Moroccan Jewish Culture (1891), YISHAQ BEN YA'IS HALEWI
8. Letter to the Jewish Community of Marakech (1892), STELLA CORCOS
9. Need for Alliance Schools in Algeria (1901), MOISE NAHON
10. Traditional Schools in Constantinople: A Critique (1906), MOISE FRESCO
11. General Instructions for Teachers (1903), Alliance Israélite Universelle
12. Beginnings of Westernization and Reform in the Mellah: Fe (1913), AMRAM ELMALEH
13. French Naturalization of Moroccan Jews (1923), Y. D. SEMACH
14. French to Replace the Local "Jargon" Casablanca (1898), M. NAHON
15. The Survival of Judeo-Spanish: Constantinople (1908), MOISE FRESCO
16. The Multiplicity of Languages in an Alliance School in Constantinople (1913), A. BENVENISTE
17. Response to Darwin, MORDECAI HA-KOHEN
18. Sigmund Freud on Moses and His Torah (1939), ABRAHAM SHALOM YAHUDA
19. A "Feminist" Look at the Women of Fez (1900), N. BENCHIMOL
20. Responsum on Women's Suffrages, BEN-ZION UZZIEL
21. A Jewish Egyptian Patriot Calls for Deemphasizing Religion in His Country's Public Life for the Sake of National Unity (1912), MURAD FARAJ
22. A Baghdad Rabbi Decries the Decline of Traditional Morals (1913), SIMEON AGASI
23. De-Judaization Among the Jews of Tunisia and the Steps Needed to Fight It (1929), L. LOUBATON
24. The Koran and Other Scriptures (1893), YAAQUB (JAMES) SANU'
25. The Third Redemption (1843), YEHUDA ALKALAI
26. A Letter to Theodor Herzl (1897), Bar Kokhba Jewish Society, Cario
27. A Call to Alexandrian Jewry to Celebrate the San Remo Recognition of the Balfour Declaration (1920), Zéire Zion Society, Alexandria
28. Iraqi Zionists Complain About Their Lack of Representation in the Jewish Agency and of Ashkenazi Bias (1925), The Mesopotamian Zionist Commitie, Baghdad
29. Disavowal of Zionism and Pledge of Loyalty to the Arab Cause (1929), Damascus Jewish Youth Association
30. An Iraqi Jewish Notable Expresses His Reservations on Zionism (1922), MENAHEM S. DANIEL
31. Events in the East and Their Repercussions on the Jewish Communities (1936), EZRA MENDA
32. The Report of the Iraqi Commission of Inquiry on the Farhud (1941)
33. Abrogation of the Crémieux Decree by the Vichy Regime (1940)
34. A Vichy Offi cial Discusses a German Proposal to Require Jews to Wear the Yellow Star in Tunis (1943)
35. A New Year's Sermon (1942), MOISE VENTURA
36. The Iraqi Law Permitting Jews to Emigrate with the Forfeiture of Nationality (1950)
I X . AMERICAN JEWRY
1. Petition to Expel the Jews from New Amsterdam (September 22, 1654), PETER STUYVESANT
2. Reply to Stuyvesant's Petition (April 26, 1655), Dutch West India Company
3. Rights of the Jews of New Amsterdam (March 13, 1656), Dutch West India Company
4. The Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
5. The Virginia Act of 1785
6. The Constitution of the United States of America (1789)
7. Message of Welcome to George Washington (August 17, 1790), The Hebrew Congregation of Newport, Rhode Island
8. A Reply to the Hebrew Congregation of Newport (c. August 17, 1790), GEORGE WASHINGTON
9. An Observant Jewish Woman in America (1791), REBECCA SAMUEL
10. A Country Where Religious Distinctions are Scarcely Known (1815), RACHEL MORDECAI LAZARUS
11. Proclamation to the Jews (September 15, 1825), MORDECAI MANUEL NOAH
12. American Is Not Palestine (March 29, 1841), REBECCA GRATZ
13. Jewish Publication Society of America (1845), ISAAC LEESER
14 Off to America! (May 6, 1848), L. KOMPERT
15. The Confirmation of Girls (1854), ISSAC MEYER WISE
16. Dedication of Hebrew Union College (1875), DAVID PHILIPSON
17. The Pittsburgh Platform (1885), Conference of Reform Rabbis
18. The Beginning of the Jewish Theological Seminary (1886), H. PEREIRA MENDES
19. The Orthodox Jewish Congregational Union of America (June 8, 1898)
20. The Concordance of Judaism and Americanism (1911), KAUFMANN KOHLER
21. The Manhattan Beach Affair (1879), NEWYORK HERALD
22. The Jews Make Me Creep (1896, 1901, 1914), HENRY ADAMS
23. Leo Frank Lynched (August 1915), New York Times
24. Jewish Immigration into the United States: 1881-1948
25. The Russian Jew in America (July 1898), ABRAHAM CAHAN
26. THE Bethlehem Judea Colony, South Dakota (1883), The Am Olam Movement
27. Women Wage-Workers (September 1893), JULIA RICHMAN
28. Sweatshops in Philadelphia (1905), CHARLES S. BERNHEIMER
29. The Economic Condition of the Russian Jew in New York City (1905), ISAAC M. RUBINOW
30. The International Ladies Garment Workers' Union and the American Labor Movement (1920), FORVERTS
31. Zionism and the Jewish Women of America (1915), HENRIETTA SZOLD
32. The Division Between German and Russian Jews (1915), ISRAEL FRIEDLAENDER
33. The American Jewish committee (January 12, 1906), LOUIS MARSHALL
34. The Galveston Project (October 25, 1907), JACOB H. SCHIFF
35. American Judaism Will Not Be Ghettoized (1908), DAVID PHILIPSON
36. Yiddish and the Future of American Jewry (1915), CHAIM ZHITLOWSKY
37. English and Hebrew Must Be the Languages of American Jewry (1904), SOLOMON SCHECHTER
38. A Republic of Nationalities (February 13, 1909), JUDAH L. MAGNES
39. Zionism Is Consistent with American Patriotism (June 1915), LOUIS D. BRANDEIS
40. Catholic Israel (c. 1896), SOLOMON SCHECHTER
41. The Reconstruction of Judaism (1920), MORDECAI M. KAPLAN
42. The Beginnings of Secular Jewish Schools (1918-1920)
43. The American Yeshiva (1926), BERNARD REVEL
44. A Statement of Policy (May 1915), The Anti-Defamation League
45. Temporary Suspension of Immigration (1920), Congressional Committee on Immigration
46. The International Jew: The World's Problem (1920), HENRY FORD
47. A Protest Against Antisemitism (January 16, 1921)
48. Social and Economic Change Reflected in Jewish School Enrollment (1936)
49. The Columbus Platform (1937), Conference Of Reform Rabbis
50. The American Jewish Conference (January 1943)
51. A Statement of Policy (1944), American Council of Judaism
52. An Exchange of Views (1950), DAVID BEN-GURION AND JACOB BLAUSTEIN
X. ZIONISM
1. Manifesto (1882), The Bilu
2. Auto-Emancipation (1882), LEO PINSKER
3. Hovevei Zion (1884), ZALMAN EPSTEIN
4. Rishon Le-Zion (1882), JOSEPH FEINBERG
5. The Revival of Hebrew, ELIEZER BEN YEHUDA
6. A Solution of the Jewish Question (1896), THEODOR HERZL
7. Protest Against Zionism (1897), PROTESTRABBINER
8. The Basle Program (1897), The First Zionist Congress
9. The First Zionist Congress (August 1897), AHAD HAAM
10. The Zionists Are Not Our Saviors (c. 1900), RABBI ZADOK HACOHEN RABINOWITZ
11. Women and Zionism (1901), THEODOR HERZL
12. Manifesto (1902), The Mizrahi
13. Zionism and Jewish Art (1903), MARTIN BUBER
14. Jewry of Muscle (June 1903), MAX NORDAU
15. The Uganda Plan (1903), THEODOR HERZL
16. Anti-Uganda Resolution (July 30, 1905), Seventh Zionist Congress
17. Resolution on Palestine (July 31, 1905), Seventh Zionist Congress
18. The Jewish Territorial Organization (1905), ISRAEL ZANGWILL
19. Program for Proletarian Zionism (1906), BER BOROCHOV
20. Gegenwartsarbeit (December 1906), Helsingfors Conference
21. Our Goal (May 1907), HAPOEL HAZAIR
22. The Hidden Question (August 1907), YITZHAK EPSTEIN
23. The Founding of Tel Aviv: A Garden City (1906/7), Housing Association Of Jaffa And Arthur Ruppin
24. The Collective (1908), MANYA SHOHAT
25. Founding Program (May 1912), AGUDAT ISRAEL
26. The Language War of 1913 (June 2, 1913), High School Students in Eretz Yisrael
27. The Hebrew Book (1913), HAIM NAHMAN BIALIK
28. Contra Zionism (1919), NATHAN BIRNBAUM
29. A Debate on Zionism and Messianism (Summer 1916), MARTIN BUBER AND HERMANN COHEN
30. Our World-View (January 17, 1917), HASHOMER HAZAIR
31. An Anti-Zionist Letter to the Times [London] (May 24, 1917), Conjoint Committee of British Jewry
32. The Balfour Declaration (November 2, 1917), JAMES BALFOUR
33. Zionist Manifesto Issued After the Balfour Declaration (December 21, 1917), World Zionist Organization-London Bureau
34. Proposal to the General Assembly of the Workers of Eretz Israel (1919), AHDUT HAAVODAH
35. The Churchill White Paper (June 1922), WINSTON CHURCHILL
36. Mandate for Palestine (July 24, 1922), The Council of the League of Nations
37. What the Zionist-Revisionists Want (1926), VLADIMIR JABOTINSKY
38. Brith Shalom (1925), ARTHUR RUPPIN ET AL.
39. Opening of Hebrew University (1925), CHAIM WEIZMAN
40. Refl ections on Our Language, GERHARD SCHOLEM
41. Kibbutz Hakhsharah: A Memoir (c. 1935), DAVID FRANKEL
42. "The Worker's Wife": A Public Trial (February 7, 1937), ABBA HOUSHI AND ADA MAIMON
43. On the Arab Question (January 7, 1937), DAVID BEN-GURION
44. Jewish Needs vs. Arab Claims (February 14, 1937), VLADIMIR JABOTINSKY
45. The Peel Commission Report (July 1937)
46. White Paper of 1939 (May 1939), MALCOLM MACDONALD
47. Statement on the MacDonald White paper of 1939 (May 17, 1939), The Jewish Agency For Palestine
48. The Biltmore Program (May 1942)
49. The Sermon (1942), HAIM HAZAZ
50. The Case for a Bi-National Palestine (November 1945), HASHOMER HAZAIR
51. Bi-Nationalism Is Unworkable (July 17, 1947), MOSHE SHERTOK
52. Resolution on Palestine (November 29, 1947), United Nations General Assembly
53. Proclamation of the State of Israel (May 14, 1948)
54. Address to the Knesset on the Law of Return (July 3, 1950), DAVID BEN-GURION
55. The Law of Return (July 5, 1950)
XI. THE SHOAH
1. A Letter on the Jewish Question (September 16, 1919), ADOLF HITLER
2. Mein Kampf (1923), ADOLF HITLER
3. Wear the Yellow Badge with Pride (April 4, 1933), ROBERT WELTSCH
4. First Racial Definition (April 11, 1933)
5. Decrees Excluding Jews from German Cultural and Public Life (1933 to 1942)
6. Proclamation of the (New) Reichsvertretung (September 28, 1933), REICHSVERTRETUNG DER DEUTSCHEN JUDEN
7. Why the Nuremberg Laws (September 15, 1935), ADOLF HITLER
8. Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor, The Nuremberg Laws (September 15, 1935)
9. The Reich Citizenship Law, The Nuremberg Laws (September 15, 1935)
10. First Decree to the Reich Citizenship Law (November 14, 1935)
11. Response of the Christian Population in Germany to the Nuremberg Laws (September 1935), A Public Opinion Survey
12. German Economic Goals and the Jewish Question (August 1936), ADOLF HITLER
13. Kristallnacht-A Preliminary Secret Report to H. W. Goering (November 1938), R. T. HEYDRICH
14. The Operation Against the Jews (November 9-10, 1938), Security Service Report on the Kristallnacht
15. Decree Regarding Atonement Fine of Jewish State Subjects (November 12, 1938), H. W. GOERING
16. Public Response to the Kristallnacht (December 1938)
17. Decree for the Elimination of the Jews from German Economic Life (November 12, 1938)
18. Numerus Nullus in Schools (November 16, 1938)
19. Ghetto Decreed for Berlin (December 5, 1938)
20. A Prophecy of Jewry's Annihilation (January 30, 1939), ADOLF HITLER
21. The Plight of the Refugees (June 1939), New York Times
22. The Jewish Refugee Community of Shanghai (1941), YEHOSHUA RAPOPORT
23. "We Must Finish with the Jews" (December 16, 1941), HANS FRANK
24. Protocols Of The Wannsee Conference (January 20, 1942)
25 The Nazi Response to Resistance (May 1942), JOSEPH GOEBBELS
26. A Warsaw Ghetto Diary (March 10 and October 2, 1940), CHAIM A. KAPLAN
27. Warsaw Ghetto Memoirs (May to August 1942), JANUSZ KORCZAK
28. Call to Resistance (January 1943), Jewish Fighting Organization
29. His Last Communication as Ghetto Revolt Commander (April 23, 1943), MORDECAI ANIELEWICZ
30. Last Letter from Warsaw (March 1, 1944), EMANUEL RINGELBLUM
31. The Jewish Residential Area in Warsaw Is No More (May 16, 1943), JUERGEN STROOP
32. Going Underground in Holland, MAX M. ROTHSCILD
33. Bermuda conference joint Communiqué (May 1, 1943)
34. Where Is the World's Conscience? (June 1943), SHMUEL ZYGELBOYM
35. A Secret Speech on the Jewish Question (October 8, 1943), HEINRICH HIMMLER
36. Commandant of Auschwitz (c.1945), RUDOLF HOESS
37. On the Deportation of Children from the Lodz Ghetto (September 4, 1942), MORDECAI CHAIM RUMKOWSKI
38. Inside Auschwitz-A Memoir (c. 1970), FRANZI EPSTEIN
39. Estimated number of Jews Killed by the Nazis
40. Six Million Accusers (1961), GIDEON HAUSNER
41. Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, Inc. (1950), HANNAH ARENDT
X I I . JEWISH IDENTITY CHALLENGED AND REDEFINED
1. My Emergence from Talmudic Darkness (1793), SOLOMON MAIMON
2. Every Country Has the Jews that It Deserves (1877), KARL EMIL FRANZOS
3. My Father's Bourgeois Judaism (1919), FRANZ KAFKA
4. Memoirs of a Balkan Jew, ELIAS CANETTI
5. I Have Converted (1785), JOSEPH MICHAEL EDLER VON ARNSTEINER
6. Why I Have Raised You as a Christian: A Letter to His Daughter (c. July 1820), ABRAHAM MENDELSSOHN
7. A Ticket of Admission to European Culture (1823, c. 1854), HEINRICH HEINE
8. Because I Am a Jew I Love Freedom (1832), LUDWIG BOERNE
9. O How Painful to Have Been Born a Jewess! (1795-1833), RAHEL LEVIN VARNHAGEN
10. No Room in My Heart for Jewish Suffering (1916), ROSA LUXEMBURG
11. How I Grew Up as a Jew in the Diaspora (1918), EDUARD BERNSTEIN
12. The Non-Jewish Jew (1958), ISAAC DEUTSCHER
13. Hear, O Israel! (1897), WALTER RATHENAU
14. The Jew Must Free Himself from Jewishness (1903), OTTO WEININGER
15. Jewish Self-Hatred (1930), THEODOR LESSING
16. Returning Home (1862), MOSES HESS
17. I Am a Child of Israel and a Feminist (1852), ERNESTINE LOUISE ROSE
18. An Epistle to the Hebrews (1882), EMMA LAZARUS
19. Jewishness Is an Inalienable Spiritual Sensibility (1913), GUSTAV LANDAUER
20. The Donme (Donme) Affair: A Letter on Assimilation (1925), A Sabbatian from Salonica, Greece
21. Address to the Society of Bnai Brith (May 6, 1926), SIGMUND FREUD
22. A Valedictory Message to the Jewish People (1949), ARTHUR KOESTLER
23. Jewish Learning and the Return to Judaism (1920), FRANZ ROSENZWEIG
24. From Prague to Belz (1937), JERI LANGER
25. The Jewish Woman (c. 1930), BERTA PANPENHEIM
26. What I Would Do If I Became a Rabbi (1890), RAY (RACHEL) FRANK
27. Why I Became a Rabbi (1938), REGINA JONAS
28. Portrait of a Jew (1962), ALBERT MEMMI
29. Reflections of a "Holocaust Jew" (1966), JEAN AMERY
30. A Parable of Alienation (1946), DANIEL BELL
31. Letter to an Intellectual: A Reply to Daniel Bell (1946), BEN HALPERN
32. Why I Choose to Be a Jew (1959), ARTHUR A. COHEN
33. A Kind of Survivor (1969), GEORGE STEINER
34. The Meaning of Homeland (2006), A. B. YEHOSHUA
35. A Convert's Affi rmations (2003), MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM
36. The Jew Who Wasn't There: Halacha and the Jewish Woman (1971), RACHEL ADLER
Appendix: The Demography of Modern Jewish History
Index











VI. Political and Racial Antisemitism

VII. East European Jewry

VIII. Sephardi and Middle Easter Jewry

IX. American Jewry

X. Zionism

XI. The Shoah

XII. Jewish Identity

Appendix: The Demography of Modern Jewish History