The Jewish People in Classical Antiquity:

John Hayes and Sara Mandell provide a clear exposition of Jewish history from 333 BCE to 135 CE. This volume focuses on the Judean-Jerusalem community from a historical rather than ideological or theological perspective. With the inclusion of charts, maps, and ancient texts, the authors have constructed a fascinating account that is indispensable for the study of this crucial period.

List of Charts, Maps, and Texts

ix

(2)

Preface

xi

(2)

Abbreviations

xiii

Introduction

1

(12)

1. The Jewish Community under Ptolemaic and Seleucid Rule

13

(47)

Alexander the Great, Hellenization, and Ultimately Rome

13

(15)

Pre-Alexandrian Greek Influence

19

(2)

Alexander's Conquest

21

(3)

Alexander and the Community in Judah and Jerusalem

24

(1)

Alexander and the Samarians

24

(3)

The Impact of Alexander's Conquest

27

(1)

The Period of Ptolemaic Dominance

28

(10)

Pro- and Anti-Ptolemaic Factions

30

(1)

Administration of the Region

31

(4)

Family Struggles for Dominance

35

(2)

The Adoption of Greek Customs

37

(1)

The Period of Seleucid Dominance

38

(22)

Antiochus III and the Jewish People

38

(5)

Antiochus III and the Romans

43

(4)

Tensions in the Judean Community

47

(2)

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

49

(1)

Jason as High Priest

50

(3)

Jerusalem as a Greek City

53

(3)

Menelaus as High Priest

56

(1)

Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Jewish Struggles

57

(3)

2. The Hasmonaeans

60

(41)

The Background of Judas Maccabeus and His Family

60

(3)

Antiochus IV and Life and Worship in Jerusalem

63

(6)

Hasmonaean Struggles against the Seleucids

69

(2)

Attempts to Settle the Conflict

71

(3)

The Political Ambitions of the Hasmonaeans

74

(2)

Judas's Last Days

76

(2)

The Rule of Jonathan

78

(4)

The Rule of Simon

82

(2)

Parties and Groups in Hasmonaean Times

84

(9)

"Seekers after Righteousness"

84

(1)

The Hasidim

85

(1)

Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes

85

(1)

The Qumran Community

86

(7)

The Hasmonaean Dynasty

93

(8)

John Hyrcanus

93

(2)

Aristobulus I

95

(1)

Alexander Jannaeus

96

(3)

Queen Alexandra

99

(1)

Civil War Again

100

(1)

3. The Herodian Period

101

(63)

Pompey's Conquest of Judea

102

(10)

Early Roman Rule in Palestine

112

(6)

Hasmonaean Efforts to Regain the Throne

114

(2)

Roman Legates in Syria

116

(1)

The Consolidation of Antipater's Control

117

(1)

The Rise of Herod

118

(7)

Herod Becomes King

125

(4)

Herod's Reign

129

(17)

The Early Period (37-30 B.C.E.)

129

(6)

Herod's Successful Years (30-10 B.C.E.)

135

(4)

The Waning Years (10-4 B.C.E.)

139

(5)

An Appraisal of Herod's Reign

144

(2)

From Kingdom to Province

146

(7)

Disturbances at the Death of Herod

147

(2)

The Rule of the Herodians

149

(1)

Archelaus (4 B.C.E.-6 C.E.)

150

(1)

Philip (4 B.C.E.-33/34 C.E.)

151

(1)

Herod Antipas (4 B.C.E.-39 C.E.)

152

(1)

Judea as a Roman Province (6-41 C.E.)

153

(7)

The Early Roman Administration

155

(1)

Pontius Pilate (26-36 C.E.)

156

(2)

The Gaius Affair

158

(2)

The Reign of Agrippa I

160

(4)

4. The Jewish-Roman Wars

164

(53)

The Road to Rebellion (44-66 C.E.)

165

(15)

The Early Procurators

165

(9)

From Bad to Worse

174

(6)

Events Precipitating the War

180

(6)

Cestius Gallus's Visit to Jerusalem

181

(1)

Civic Turmoil at Caesarea

181

(1)

The Temple Treasury Episode

182

(1)

The Rebel Capture of Palestinian Fortresses

183

(1)

The Cessation of Imperial Sacrifices

184

(2)

Massacres and Reprisals

186

(1)

The Opening Phase of the First Revolt

186

(2)

The Major Phase of the War

188

(16)

Jewish Preparations for War

188

(2)

The Roman Offensive

190

(5)

The Siege of Jerusalem

195

(9)

Some Retrospectives on the War

204

(3)

The Postwar Years

207

(6)

The Second Jewish Revolt

213

(4)

Bibliographical Abbreviations

217

(2)

Bibliography

219

(8)

Index of Scripture

227

(4)

Index of Subjects

231

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The Jewish People in Classical Antiquity: From Alexander to Bar Kochba

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Table of Contents

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