Job and Work Analysis : Methods, Research, and Applications for Human Resource Management

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ISBN: 9781412937467 | 1412937469
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/15/2007

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Thoroughly updated and revised, this Second Edition presents the most important and commonly used methods in human resource management in detail. The authors offer practical tips on how to conduct a job analysis, as well as anecdotes from their own experiences, to help organizations create programs that make people work smarter, improve hiring and training, make jobs safer, and provide a satisfying work environment. The Second Edition contains expanded coverage of: strategic job analysis, competencies and competency modelling and inaccuracy in job analysis ratings.

Preface	p. xi
Who Will Benefit From This Book?	p. xi
Purpose	p. xi
A Note on Voice	p. xii
Acknowledgments	p. xii
Introduction	p. 1
Overview of the Book	p. 2
The Uses of Job Analysis	p. 3
Definitions	p. 6
Building Blocks of Job Analysis Methods	p. 8
Kinds of Job Data Collected: Descriptors	p. 9
Methods of Data Collection	p. 12
Sources of Job Analysis Data	p. 15
Units of Analysis	p. 16
Summary of the Building Blocks	p. 18
A Couple of Job Analysis Projects	p. 18
Evaluation of an Electrical Transmission and Distribution Training Program	p. 18
Job Analysis for Developing Minimum Qualifications	p. 21
Chapter Summary	p. 22
Work-Oriented Methods	p. 23
Time-and-Motion Study	p. 24
Time Study	p. 25
Motion Study	p. 28
Criticism of Time-and-Motion Study	p. 32
Functional Job Analysis	p. 33
A Fundamental Distinction of FJA: What Gets Done Versus What the Worker Does	p. 34
Worker Functions	p. 37
Job Analysis Procedure	p. 40
Describing the Work	p. 41
Sentence Structure and Analysis	p. 43
Other Characteristics of the DOL FJA	p. 45
Comparison of the DOL FJA and Fine's FJA	p. 46
Research on FJA	p. 47
Task Inventories	p. 47
History	p. 48
Survey Design	p. 50
Data Analysis	p. 54
Critical Incident Technique	p. 56
Tips for Capturing and Writing Critical Incidents	p. 58
Research on the Critical Incident Technique	p. 59
Chapter Summary	p. 60
Worker-Oriented Methods	p. 61
Job Element Method	p. 63
Content of Elements	p. 63
Gathering Information for JEM	p. 65
Rating Scales	p. 65
Derived Scales	p. 67
Assigning Elements to Categories	p. 69
Research on the JEM: The J-Coefficient	p. 70
Remarks on JEM	p. 72
Position Analysis Questionnaire	p. 73
Development and Structure of the PAQ	p. 73
PAQ Results	p. 76
Uses of the PAQ	p. 76
Reliability and Validity	p. 77
Research on the PAQ: Common Knowledge Effects	p. 77
Recent PAQ Developments	p. 79
Remarks on the PAQ	p. 79
Other Trait-Based Worker-Oriented Measures	p. 80
Threshold Traits Analysts System	p. 80
Ability Requirements Scales	p. 80
Occupational Reinforcer Pattern	p. 81
Methods With Substantial Attention to Equipment	p. 82
Cognitive Task Analysis	p. 83
Types of Knowledge and Skill	p. 85
Cognitive Task Analysis Methods	p. 86
A Simple Example	p. 87
Reliability and Validity	p. 88
Remarks on Cognitive Task Analysis	p. 89
Chapter Summary	p. 89
Hybrid Methods	p. 91
Combination Job Analysis Method	p. 92
Task Statements	p. 92
The Task Generation Meeting	p. 93
The Task Rating Meeting	p. 95
Analysis of Task Importance	p. 96
Employee Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other Characteristics	p. 97
The KSAO Group Meeting	p. 98
Analysis of KSAOs	p. 101
Using the Results	p. 101
Research and Applications of C-JAM	p. 103
Summary of C-JAM	p. 104
Multimethod Job Design Questionnaire	p. 104
MJDQ Development and Structure	p. 105
MJDQ Research	p. 109
Summary of the MJDQ	p. 113
Occupational Information Network	p. 113
Impetus for O*NET	p. 113
The O*NET Content Model	p. 114
O*NET Research and Development	p. 121
Chapter Summary	p. 122
Management and Teams	p. 125
Management and Leadership	p. 126
Development and Structure of the Management Position Description Questionnaire	p. 127
Research and Applications of the MPDQ	p. 130
Summary of the MPDQ	p. 135
Competency Modeling	p. 136
Summary of Competency Modeling	p. 140
Job Analysis for Teams	p. 141
Job Design for Teams	p. 142
Team Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities	p. 145
Team Functions	p. 147
The Multiphase Analysis of Performance System	p. 148
Chapter Summary	p. 155
The MPDQ	p. 155
Competency Models	p. 156
Teams	p. 156
Job Analysis and the Law	p. 159
Federal Legislation	p. 160
The Constitution	p. 160
Equal Pay Act	p. 160
Civil Rights Acts	p. 161
Age Discrimination in Employment Act	p. 162
Rehabilitation Act	p. 162
Americans with Disabilities Act	p. 163
Enforcement of Equal Employment Opportunity Laws	p. 163
Executive Orders	p. 164
Professional Standards	p. 164
Prescriptions for Job Analysis	p. 165
Selection	p. 165
Summary for Selection	p. 173
Pay	p. 174
Disability and Job Design	p. 174
Chapter Summary	p. 175
Job Description, Performance Appraisal, Job Evaluation, and Job Design	p. 177
Job Description	p. 177
Structure of the Job Description	p. 178
Issues in Job Description	p. 185
Key Considerations	p. 186
Performance Appraisal	p. 187
Rating Formats	p. 188
Comparison of Formats	p. 192
Key Considerations	p. 193
Job Evaluation	p. 196
Equity	p. 196
Job Evaluation Methods	p. 198
Key Considerations	p. 204
Research on Job Evaluation	p. 204
Job Design/Redesign	p. 205
Goals of Job Design/Redesign	p. 205
Design Decisions	p. 207
Key Considerations	p. 210
Chapter Summary	p. 213
Job Description	p. 213
Performance Appraisal	p. 213
Job Evaluation	p. 214
Job Design/Redesign	p. 214
Staffing and Training	p. 217
Staffing	p. 217
Recruitment	p. 219
Selection	p. 221
Test Validation	p. 222
Research on Judging KSAOs for Validation	p. 233
Key Considerations for Selection	p. 237
Training	p. 241
The Training Cycle	p. 243
Selection Versus Training	p. 253
Chapter Summary	p. 254
Staffing	p. 254
Training	p. 254
Doing a Job Analysis Study	p. 257
Matching Purpose and Job Analysis Attributes	p. 258
Purposes	p. 258
Attributes	p. 259
Selecting Approaches	p. 259
Job Classification	p. 261
Worker Mobility	p. 262
Efficiency/Safety	p. 262
Workforce Planning	p. 263
Legal/Quasi-Legal Requirements	p. 263
Practical Considerations	p. 263
Observations and Interviews	p. 267
Preparing for the Observation/Interview	p. 267
Making Contact	p. 268
Conducting the Observation/Interview	p. 269
Questionnaires	p. 269
Planning and Preparing	p. 269
Collecting Data	p. 272
Analyzing Data	p. 272
Reporting Study Results	p. 273
Assessing Reliability	p. 274
Validity	p. 279
A Note About Accuracy in Job Analysis	p. 281
Chapter Summary	p. 284
The Future of Job Analysis	p. 285
Changing Conditions	p. 285
Changes in Society	p. 285
Changes in Technology	p. 287
Changes in the Business Environment	p. 291
Implications for Jobs and Job Analysis	p. 294
Descriptors	p. 295
Sources of Information	p. 303
Methods of Collecting Data	p. 305
Units of Analysis	p. 308
Role Definition and Redefinition	p. 309
Dissemination, Storage, and Retrieval	p. 310
Chapter Summary	p. 311
A Final Note	p. 313
Glossary	p. 315
References	p. 321
Index	p. 339
About the Authors	p. 345
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Job and Work Analysis : Methods, Research, and Applications for Human Resource Management

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