Joining Together

, by Johnson, David W.; Johnson, Frank P.

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ISBN: 9780205197507 | 0205197507
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/1/1996

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Supplemental Materials

Preface

1 Group Dynamics

(46)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

(1)

The Importance of Groups

(7)

The Nature of Groups

(5)

Potential Group Performance

(2)

Forces Hindering Group Performance

(1)

Group Structure

(4)

The Development of Groups Over Time

(1)

Five Basic Elements of Group Effectiveness

(7)

The Dynamics of Group Members' Interaction

(5)

The Field of Group Dynamics

(1)

History of the Field of Group Dynamics

(2)

Kurt Lewin and the Field of Group Dynamics

(5)

Nature of This Book and How to Use It

(1)

Keeping a Personal Journal

(1)

Learning Contract

(1)

Your Skill Level

(3)

2 Experiential Learning

(22)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

(1)

Procedural Learning

(1)

Action Theories

(1)

Gaining Expertise Through Experiential Learning

(4)

Learning Group Skills

(2)

Experiential Learning and Motivation

(1)

Role Playing

(1)

Process Observation

(2)

Conducting Skill-Training Exercises

(4)

Ethics of Experiential Learning

(5)

3 Group Goals and Social Interdependence

(68)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

(1)

Introduction

(2)

What Is a Goal?

(2)

A Joint Vision

(1)

Do Group Goals Exist?

(2)

Importance of Group Goals

(3)

Clarity of Goals

(1)

Operational Goals

(1)

Group Goals and Level of Aspiration

(1)

Dealing With Hidden Agendas

(1)

Effective Group Goals

(1)

Helping Groups Set Effective Goals

(1)

Group Goals and Social Interdependence Among Members

(5)

Outcomes of Social Interdependence

102

(10)

Reciprocal Relationships Among the Three Outcomes

112

(4)

Other Ways to Achieve Cooperative Interdependence

116

(2)

Competitive and Individualistic Efforts

118

(1)

Goal Structures and the Allocation of Rewards Among Group Members

118

(3)

Social Interdependence and the Real World

121

(1)

Enhancers of Cooperative Efforts

122

(6)

Developing and Maintaining Trust

128

(11)

4 Communication Within Groups

139

(38)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

139

(1)

Introduction and Definitions

140

(3)

Effective Interpersonal Communication

143

(12)

Communicating Information in a Problem-Solving Group

155

(1)

Patterns of Communication Among Group Members

156

(1)

Effects of Competition on Communication

156

(2)

Physical Barriers to Communication

158

(7)

Communication Within an Authority Hierarchy

165

(2)

Informal Communication Networks and Opinion Leaders

167

(1)

Effects on the Message of a One-Way Communication Procedure

168

(4)

Communication Structures and Networks

172

(1)

Seating Arrangements

173

(1)

Taking a Survey

174

(1)

Improving Communication Among Group Members

174

(3)

5 Leadership

177

(50)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

177

(1)

What Is Leadership?

178

(4)

Trait Theories of Leadership

182

(6)

Leadership Styles

188

(2)

The Influence Theory of Leadership

190

(2)

Role Position/Group Structure Approach to Leadership

192

(4)

Situational Theories of Leadership

196

(10)

Vroom and Yetton's Normative Model of Leadership

206

(1)

Organizational Leadership

207

(5)

What If You Do Not Want to Be a Leader?

212

(15)

6 Decision Making

227

(58)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

227

(1)

Making Effective Decisions

228

(3)

Individual Versus Group Decision Making

231

(13)

Methods of Decision Making

244

(8)

Factors Enhancing Group Decision Making

252

(1)

Factors Hindering Group Decision Making

252

(16)

Approaches to Decision Making

268

(1)

Considered and Thoughtful Decision Making

269

(8)

Problems With Theorizing on Decision Making

277

(8)

7 Controversy and Creativity

285

(48)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

285

(4)

Controversy and Decision Making

289

(4)

The Avoidance of Controversy

293

(10)

Outcomes of Controversy

303

(4)

Process of Controversy

307

(4)

Conditions Determining the Constructiveness of Controversy

311

(3)

Structuring Academic Controversies

314

(1)

Guidelines for Constructive Controversy

315

(2)

Being a Citizen in a Democracy

317

(4)

Creativity

321

(1)

Developing and Fostering Creativity

322

(3)

Open Versus Closed Belief Systems

325

(2)

Brainstorming

327

(4)

Final Note

331

(2)

8 Conflict of Interests

333

(68)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

333

(1)

Conflict-Positive Groups

334

(1)

Nature of Conflicts of Interest

335

(1)

Conflicts Can Be Destructive or Constructive

336

(3)

Conflict Strategies: What Are You Like?

339

(4)

Controlling the Occurrence of Conflicts

343

(1)

The Nature of Negotiations

344

(7)

Two Types of Negotiating

351

(5)

The Integrative Negotiating Procedure

356

(19)

Try, Try Again

375

(3)

Negotiating in Good Faith

378

(1)

Refusal Skills: This Issue Is Not Negotiable

379

(7)

Intergroup Conflict

386

(4)

Cross-Ethnic Conflict

390

(4)

Intergroup Conflict and Superordinate Goals

394

(2)

Third-Party Mediation

396

(5)

9 The Use of Power

401

(42)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

401

(2)

Introduction

403

(1)

The Trait Factor Approach to Influence

404

(3)

The Dynamic Interdependence View of Influence

407

(2)

Personal Power and Personal Goal Accomplishment

409

(3)

The Bases of Power

412

(3)

Aversion to the Use of Direct Influence

415

(4)

Power and Problem Solving

419

(3)

Unequal Power

422

(4)

Power and Conflict

426

(4)

Your Power Behavior

430

(2)

Group Norms

432

(5)

The Group Mind

437

(6)

10 Dealing With Diversity

443

(24)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

443

(1)

Introduction

444

(1)

Diversity and Interdependence

445

(2)

Group Composition and Performance on Tasks

447

(5)

Barriers to Interacting With Diverse Peers

452

(2)

Making Diversity Among Members a Strength

454

(13)

11 Leading Learning and Discussion Groups

467

(18)

The Nature of Learning Groups

468

(1)

The Stages of Development of Learning Groups

469

(5)

Change of Ownership from Coordinator to Group Members

474

(1)

Basic Procedures for Structuring Discussion Groups

475

(5)

The Coordinator's Role: Final Notes

480

(5)

12 Leading Growth and Counseling Groups

485

(20)

Introduction

486

(1)

The Social-Skills Basis of Personal Growth

486

(1)

The Unique Powers of Group Experiences

487

(2)

Events That Promote Participant Change

489

(2)

Establishing the Goals of a Growth Group

491

(2)

Leading a Growth Group

493

(6)

Becoming a Facilitator

499

(1)

Feelings, Intuition, and Conceptual Frameworks

500

(3)

Growth Groups and Participant Anxiety

503

(2)

13 Team Development, Team Training

505

(38)

Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter

505

(1)

Introduction

506

(1)

What Is a Team?

506

(2)

Types of Teams

508

(3)

Organizational Context

511

(6)

Building Productive Teams

517

(2)

Research on Team Effectiveness

519

(1)

Forming, Structuring, and Nurturing Teams

520

(5)

Use of Teams in Training Programs

525

(1)

Team Building

526

(1)

Assessing Quality of Work

527

(8)

Total Quality Management

535

(3)

Dealing With Problem Behaviors in Teams

538

(5)

Epilogue

543

(4)

Appendix: Answers

547

(14)

Glossary

561

(12)

References

573

(22)

Index

595

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Joining Together

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials