Judaism

This book presents the basics of Jewish history, religion, and culture in graphic and understandable form. It can make no claim to being exhaustive-the breadth of the subject precludes such a claim in so short a space.

Preface

7

(1)

The Beginnings of Israel Israel before the settling of the land/ The exodus from Egypt/ Revelation at Sinai/ Settling the land/The time of the Judges/ The anointing of Saul as the first king/ King David/ King Solomon/ Solomon's Temple/ The collapse of the kingdom/ The fall of the Northern Kingdom/ The Babylonian exile

8

(18)

Jewish Calendar: Festivals and Days of Mourning

20

(6)

Return to Jerusalem and Destruction of the Second Temple The time of Ezra and Nehemiah/ Alexander the Great, the Ptolemies, and the Seleucids/ The revolt of the Maccabees and the establishment of Hanukkah/ Khirbet Qumran on the Dead Sea/ The rise and fall of the Hasmoneans/ Herod the Great/ The first Jewish-Roman War

26

(16)

Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes, Zealots

40

(2)

The Rabbinical Age The new order in Yavneh/ The Bar Kochba uprising/ Rabbinical literature/ The Mishnah/ The Talmud/ The Synagogue: Origin and function/ Ancient synagogues

42

(8)

Spain: The Sephardim Jewish life under Muslims/ The golden age of the Spanish Jews

50

(10)

Maimonides: Philosopher, Jurist, Physician

58

(2)

The Ashkenazim The protection of the Carolingians/ The Jewish communities on the Rhine/ The crusades/ The Hasidei Ashkenaz/ Crisis in the thirteenth century/ The Fourth Lateran Council of 1215/ Accusations of ritual murder in Fulda/ The "servants of the Chamber"/ Talmud burning in Paris/ Defiling of the host/ The black death and poisoned wells

60

(16)

The Mikveh-The Ritual Bath

74

(2)

Eastern Europe New sources of income in the country/ Jewish autonomy in Poland and Lithuania/ Polish-Jewish scholarship/ The Chmielnicki pogroms/ East European Hasidism/ The Mitnaggedim/ The Pale of Settlement and life in the Shtetl/ Schools, culture, and Tarah study in the Shtetl/ Clothing in the Shtetl/ Music in the Shtetl--The klezmer band/ The Synagogues of eastern Europe

76

(24)

A Brief History of Yiddish Literature

96

(4)

Jews in Italy The world's first ghetto: Venice/ Hebrew book publishing in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Italy/ The Christian printer Daniel Bomberg

100

(8)

Jews under Islam Moracco/ Yemen/ The Ottoman empire/ Don Joseph Nassi and Dona Gracia/ The art of printing/ A false messiah: Shabbetai Zevi

108

(18)

Dietary Laws

122

(4)

Dispersion of the Sephardic Jews Amsterdam, "Jerusalem of the West"/ Sephardim and Ashkenazim/Jews in the economic life of Amsterdam/ Baruch De Spinoza/ The Ashkenazi synagogues of Amsterdam/ The Portuguese Synagogue of the Sephardim/ Amsterdam's decline/ The Holocaust/ England/ Brazil/ North America

126

(10)

Enlightenment and Emancipation Josef Suss Oppenheimer/ Berlin/ Mendelssohn/ Road to legal equality/ " On the Civil Improvement of the Jews"/ Prussian emancipation edict/ Reaction: The Congress of Vienna/ The Hepp-Hepp Riots/ A way Out: Emigration/ The Revolution of 1848

136

(14)

Currents within the Jewish Communities Religious reforms/ Reformed Judaism/ Abraham Geiger/ The gathering of the Rabbis/ Conservative Judaism/ The Neo-Orthodoxy/ The Rabbi-Doctor/ Women Rabbis?

150

(16)

Jewish Life-From Cradle to Grave

160

(6)

Anti-Semitism and Zionism France: The Dreyfus Affair/ Institutionally sanctioned anti-Semitism/ Anti-Semitism in the German empire/ Jewish unions and organizations/ Zionism

166

(12)

The Holocaust The marking of the Jews/ 1938/ Jewish self-assertion/ The Second World War/ The Warsaw uprising

178

(8)

Israel The "aliyot" up to 1948/ Palestine under British mandate/ The "Exodus" affair/ The founding of the state/ The wars with the neighboring Arab states and the Palestinians/ The hard road to peace/ A chronicle of peace, 1991-96

186

(10)

Glossary

196

(5)

Overview of the History of Judaism

201

(5)

Jewish Museums

206

(1)

Selected Bibliography

207

(1)

Abbreviations

208

(1)

Subject index

209

(3)

Index of names

212

(3)

Picture credits

215

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Judaism

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License