Justice, Legality and the Rule of Law Lessons from the Pitcairn Prosecutions

A British colony of fifty souls in the Pacific Ocean, Pitcairn Island was settled by the Bounty mutineers and nineteen Polynesians in 1790. In 2004 six Pitcairn men were convicted of numerous offenses against girls and young women, committed over a thirty year period, in what appears to have been a culture of sexual abuse on the island. This case has raised many questions: what right did the British government have to initiate these prosecutions? Was it fair to prosecute the defendants, given that no laws had been published on the island? Indeed, what, if any, law was there on this island? This collection of essays explores the many important issues raised by the case and by the situation of a small, isolated community of this kind. It starts by looking at the background to the prosecutions, considering the dilemma that faced the British government when the abuse was uncovered, and discussing the ways in which the judges dealt with the case, as well as exploring the history of the settlement and how colonial law affects it. This background paves the way for an exploration of the philosophical, jurisprudential and ethical issues raised by the prosecutions: was it legitimate for the UK to intervene, given the absence of any common community between the UK and the Island? Was the positivist 'law on paper' approach adopted by the British government and the courts was appropriate, especially given the lack of promulgation of the laws under which the men were prosecuted? Would alternative responses such as payment of compensation to the female victims and provision of community support have been preferable? And should universal human rights claims justify the prosecutions, overriding any allegations of cultural relativism on the part of the UK?

Dawn Oliver, FBA, is Emeritus Professor of Constitutional Law at University College London. Her research interests are in constitutional reform in the United Kingdom and in comparative constitutional law. Her publications include Common Values and the Public-Private Divide (1999); Constitutional Reform in the UK (2003); The Changing Constitution (6th edition, 2007, with co-editor Jeffrey Jowell), Human Rights and the Private Sphere: A Comparative Study (with co-editor Joerg Fedtke, 2007). She was a member of the Royal Commission on House of Lords Reform, 1999-2000 and of the Fabian Society Commission on the Future of the Monarchy, 2003.

Foreword, Lord Hope of Craighead PC, FRSE1. Problems on Pitcairn, Dawn Oliver2. Steven Raymond Christian and others v. The Queen. The Pitcairn Prosecutions, Paper Legal Systems and the Rule of Law, Dawn Oliver3. Pitcairn's Tortured Past. A Legal History, Andrew Lewis4. Pitcairn Island Law. A Peculiar Case of the Diffusion of the Common Law, Gordon Woodman5. Rights and Duties on Pitcairn Island, George Letsas6. Legality, Reciprocity and the Criminal Law on Pitcairn, Stephen Guest7. 'A Million Mutinies Now': Universalist Theories of Rights and the Cultural Specificity of Pitcairn Island', Colm O'Cinneide8. Prosecutions for Pitcairn: A Normative Prognosis, Brian Simpson and Dino KritsiotisAnnex: Report of Steven Raymond Christian v. The Queen (Privy Council Report)Afterword, Professor Dame Marilyn Strathern, FBA