Kant and Cosmopolitanism: The Philosophical

This is the first comprehensive account of Kant's cosmopolitanism, highlighting its moral, political, legal, economic, cultural and psychological aspects. Contrasting Kant's views with those of his German contemporaries and relating them to current debates, Pauline Kleingeld sheds new light on texts that have been hitherto neglected or underestimated. In clear and carefully argued discussions, she shows that Kant's philosophical cosmopolitanism underwent a radical transformation in the mid 1790s and that the resulting theory is philosophically stronger than is usually thought. Using the work of figures such as Fichte, Cloots, Forster, Hegewisch, Wieland and Novalis, Kleingeld analyses Kant's arguments regarding the relationship between cosmopolitanism and patriotism, the importance of states, the ideal of an international federation, cultural pluralism, race, global economic justice and the psychological feasibility of the cosmopolitan ideal. In doing so, she reveals a broad spectrum of positions in cosmopolitan theory that are relevant to current discussions of cosmopolitanism.

Acknowledgments	p. viii
Abbreviations and main primary texts	p. x
Introduction	p. 1
The country of world citizens	p. 1
Overview of this book	p. 4
A few words on the historical and political context	p. 9
Kant and Wieland on moral cosmopolitanism and patriotism	p. 13
Introduciton	p. 13
Moral cosmopolitanism in the works of Wieland and Kant	p. 15
The alleged incompatibility of cosmopolitanism and patriotism	p. 19
Wieland's defense of cosmopolitanism and patriotism	p. 22
Kant on cosmopolitan patriotism	p. 26
The "danger" of cosmopolitanism	p. 34
Cosmopolitanism and cosmopolitics	p. 38
Kant and Cloots on global peace	p. 40
Cloot's challenge	p. 40
The development of Kant's theory of international relations	p. 44
The potential despotism of a coercively established world state	p. 50
Federalism and international right	p. 58
The ahistorical nature of Cloots' approach	p. 63
History and the process toward perpetual peace	p. 65
Kant's concept of cosmopolitan right	p. 72
Introduction	p. 72
The scope and content of cosmopolitan right	p. 74
The justification of cosmopolitan right	p. 81
The problem of institutionalization	p. 86
Kant and Forster on race, culture, and cosmopolitanism	p. 92
Introduction	p. 92
Kant's early views and his 1785 essay on race	p. 96
Forester's reaction in "Something More on the Human Races"	p. 102
Kant's reply: race, global migration, and cosmopolitanism	p. 103
Forester's reaction to Kant's reply and his defense of cultural diversity	p. 107
Kant's second thoughts on race	p. 111
Kant on Judaism and national character	p. 117
Kant on the value of cultural diversity	p. 120
Kant and Hegewisch on the freedom of international trade	p. 124
Introduction	p. 124
The context of Hegewisch's defense of free trade	p. 125
Hegewisch's arguments in favor of a world-wide free market	p. 127
Problems with Hegewisch's view	p. 132
Kant on the spirit of trade	p. 134
kant and free trade	p. 136
Trade and justice within the state	p. 139
Kant and the background conditions for just international trade	p. 145
Kant and Novalis on the development of a cosmopolitan community	p. 149
Introduction	p. 149
Romantic cosmopolitanism	p. 151
Novalis in individual Bildung and world citizenship	p. 155
Sprituality or the world: Novalis "Christianity of Europe"	p. 158
From Novalis to Kant	p. 160
Kant on the ideal of a moral world	p. 161
Kant on the feasibility of the moral cosmopolitan ideal	p. 163
Hope and progress	p. 174
Kant's cosmopolitanism and current philosophical debates	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Kant's changing cosmopolitanism: a brief summary	p. 178
"Alle Menschen werden Brüder": cosmopolitanism, racism, and sexism	p. 181
The compatibility of cosmopolitanism and patriotism	p. 183
"Following Kant's lead" in current international political philosophy	p. 187
Cosmopolitan equality and the plurality of states	p. 193
On defining cosmopolitanism	p. 197
Conclusion	p. 199
Bibliography	p. 201
Index	p. 212
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Kant and Cosmopolitanism: The Philosophical Ideal of World Citizenship

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