Karel++ A Gentle Introduction to the Art of

This creative approach to learning C++ programming introduces readers to Karel the Robot and then shows them how to design programs that instruct Karel to perform complex tasks. Karel's world is essentially a practice field on which readers learn valuable lessons about creating and debugging program. The programs instruct the robot to move and manipulate its environment using object orientation.

Joseph Bergin is a retired professor of Computer Science. He championed the teaching of modern programming paradigms, especially Object-Oriented programming, throughout his long career. Mark Stehlik is the author of Karel++: A Gentle Introduction to the Art of Object-Oriented Programming, published by Wiley.

Chapter 1 The Robot World

1

(6)

1.1 The Robot World

1

(2)

1.2 Robot Capabilities

3

(1)

1.3 Tasks and Situations

4

(1)

1.4 Problem Set

5

(2)

Chapter 2 Primitive Instructions and Simple Programs

7

(18)

2.1 Changing Position

7

(1)

2.2 Turning in Place

8

(1)

2.3 Finishing a Task

9

(1)

2.4 Handling Beepers

9

(1)

2.5 Robot Descriptions

10

(1)

2.6 A Complete Program

11

(5)

2.6.1 Executing a Program

12

(2)

2.6.2 The Form of Robot Programs

14

(2)

2.7 Error Shutoffs

16

(1)

2.8 Programming Errors

16

(3)

2.8.1 Bugs and Debugging

19

(1)

2.9 Problem Set

19

(6)

Chapter 3 Extending the Robot Programming Language

25

(44)

3.1 Creating a More Natural Programming Language

25

(1)

3.2 A Mechanism That Defines New Classes of Robots

26

(1)

3.3 Defining the New Instructions

27

(3)

3.4 The Meaning and Correctness of New Instructions

30

(1)

3.5 Defining New Instructions in a Program

31

(4)

3.6 Modifying Inherited Instructions

35

(1)

3.7 An Ungrammatical Program

36

(1)

3.8 Tools for Designing and Writing Robot Programs

37

(10)

3.8.1 Stepwise Refinement--A Technique for Planning, Implementing, and Analyzing Robot Programs

38

(3)

3.8.2 The Second Step--Planning harvestTwoRows and positionForNextHarvest

41

(2)

3.8.3 The Third Step--Planning harvestOneRow and goToNextRow

43

(2)

3.8.4 The Final Step--Verifying That the Complete Program Is Correct

45

(2)

3.9 Advantages of Using New Instructions

47

(6)

3.9.1 Avoiding Errors

49

(1)

3.9.2 Future Modifications

50

(2)

3.9.3 A Program Without New Instructions

52

(1)

3.10 Writing Understandable Programs

53

(2)

3.11 Robot Teams

55

(3)

3.12 Object-Oriented Design

58

(3)

3.13 Problem Set

61

(8)

Chapter 4 Conditionally Executing Instructions

69

(32)

4.1 The IF Instruction

69

(2)

4.2 The Conditions That Robots Can Test

71

(3)

4.2.1 Writing New Predicates

73

(1)

4.3 Simple Examples of the IF Instruction

74

(6)

4.3.1 The harvestOneRow Instruction

74

(2)

4.3.2 The faceNorthIfFacingSouth Instruction

76

(1)

4.3.3 The faceNorth Instruction

77

(2)

4.3.4 Determining the Correctness of the IF Instruction

79

(1)

4.4 The IF/ELSE Instruction

80

(2)

4.5 Nested IF Instructions

82

(4)

4.6 More Complex Tests

86

(3)

4.7 When to Use an IF Instruction

89

(1)

4.8 Transformations for Simplifying IF Instructions

90

(4)

4.9 Problem Set

94

(7)

Chapter 5 Instructions That Repeat

101

(46)

5.1 The LOOP Instruction

101

(2)

5.2 The WHILE Instruction

103

(6)

5.2.1 Why WHILE Is Needed

103

(1)

5.2.2 The Form of the WHILE Instruction

104

(2)

5.2.3 Building a WHILE Loop--The Four-Step Process

106

(1)

5.2.4 A More Interesting Problem

107

(2)

5.3 Errors to Avoid with WHILE Loops

109

(4)

5.3.1 The Fence Post Problem

109

(2)

5.3.2 Infinite Execution

111

(1)

5.3.3 When the Test of a WHILE is Checked

112

(1)

5.4 Nested WHILE Loops

113

(8)

5.4.1 A Good Example of Nesting

113

(3)

5.4.2 A Bad Example of Nesting

116

(5)

5.5 WHILE and IF Instructions

121

(1)

5.6 Reasoning About Loops

122

(4)

5.7 A Large Program Written by Stepwise Refinement

126

(6)

5.8 When to Use a Repeating Instruction

132

(2)

5.9 Problem Set

134

(13)

Chapter 6 Advanced Techniques for Robots

147

(30)

6.1 Introduction to Recursion

147

(3)

6.2 More on Recursion

150

(3)

6.3 Tail Recursion and Looping

153

(2)

6.4 Going Formal

155

(1)

6.5 Searching

156

(5)

6.6 Doing Arithmetic

161

(5)

6.7 Polymorphism--Why Write Many Programs When One Will Do?

166

(3)

6.8 Conclusion

169

(1)

6.9 Hierarchy of Known Classes

170

(1)

6.10 Problem Set

171

(6)

Appendix A Robot Programming Summary

177

(4)

Appendix B Differences Between Karel++ and C++

181

(2)

Appendix C Differences Between Karel++ and Java

183

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Karel++ A Gentle Introduction to the Art of Object-Oriented Programming

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials