Lakes and Wetlands

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ISBN: 9781615303205 | 1615303200
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/15/2011

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Lakes and wetlands are significant ecosystems that nourish, sustain, and house many of the planets plant and animal species. Though both of these regions are defined by waterboth fresh and salineeach lake and particular type of wetland also has characteristics all its own. This detailed volume considers the formation, composition, and maintenance of these intricate ecological units and the various life forms they support. Dramatic full-color photographs and in-depth profiles of Earths major lakes highlight the beauty and complexity of these regions.

Introduction	p. x
Lakes	p. 1
Limnology: The Study of Fresh Waters	p. 3
The History of Lakes	p. 4
The Physical Characteristics of Lakes	p. 4
Water and Energy Fluxes in Lakes	p. 6
The Water Quality of Lakes	p. 7
Lake Basins	p. 7
The Classification of Basins	p. 7
Evaporites	p. 8
Basin Topography	p. 18
Sediments and Sedimentation	p. 19
Lake Waters	p. 23
Chemical Composition	p. 23
Thermal Properties	p. 28
Eutrophication	p. 29
Vertical Mixing and Overturn	p. 30
The Heat Budget of Lakes	p. 32
Heat Transfer	p. 35
Uses and Abuses of Lakes	p. 37
Economy and Ecology	p. 38
Problems and Effects	p. 40
Lake Hydraulics	p. 42
Currents	p. 42
Pressure Gradients	p. 43
Wind Stress	p. 44
Internal Waves and Langmuir Circulation	p. 45
Surface Waves	p. 46
Seiches	p. 48
The Effects of Wave and Current Action	p. 50
The Hydrologic Balance of the Lakes	p. 52
The Water Budget	p. 53
Water-Level Fluctuations	p. 59
Lake Extinction	p. 62
Inland Water Ecosystems	p. 64
The Origin of Inland Waters	p. 64
Permanent Bodies of Standing Fresh Water	p. 66
Temporary Bodies of Standing Fresh Water	p. 70
Saline Lakes	p. 71
The Biota of Inland Waters	p. 73
The Structure of Inland Water	p. 73
Ecosystems	p. 75
The Biological Productivity of Inland Water Ecosystems	p. 77
Major Lakes of the World	p. 80
Dead Sea	p. 80
Caspian Sea	p. 86
Physical Features	p. 87
Study and Exploration	p. 94
Great Bear Lake	p. 95
The Great Lakes	p. 96
Lake Erie	p. 97
Lake Huron	p. 99
Lake Michigan	p. 101
Lake Ontario	p. 103
Lake Superior	p. 105
Lake Agassiz	p. 109
Great Salt Lake	p. 109
Great Slave Lake	p. 112
Lake Baikal	p. 113
Lake Balkhash	p. 116
Lake Chad	p. 119
Geology and Physiography	p. 120
Climate	p. 120
Hydrology	p. 121
Plant Life	p. 123
Animal Life	p. 123
Study and Exploration	p. 125
Lake Nyasa	p. 126
Lake Tanganyika	p. 127
Lake Victoria	p. 129
Lake Winnipeg	p. 131
Wetlands	p. 132
Coastal Systems	p. 132
Mangrove Swamps	p. 133
Salt Marshes	p. 134
The Rann of Kachchh	p. 137
Freshwater Tidal Marshes	p. 137
Seaweed-Based Systems	p. 138
Sea-Grass Beds	p. 142
Beaches and Mudflats	p. 143
Inland Wetland Systems	p. 144
Freshwater Marshes	p. 145
Pantanal	p. 146
Bogs and Fens	p. 146
Peat and Peat Moss	p. 147
Forested Swamps	p. 149
Riparian Systems	p. 149
Wetland Management	p. 150
Wetland Ecology	p. 151
Wetland Flora and Fauna	p. 153
Bog Biota	p. 153
Heaths	p. 154
Marsh Flora	p. 155
Animals of the Marsh	p. 157
Trees and Other Plants of the Swamp	p. 157
Salt Swamp Flora	p. 158
Swamp Fauna	p. 162
Specific Wetland Regions	p. 162
Bangweulu	p. 163
Big Cypress Swamp	p. 163
Congaree National Park	p. 164
The Everglades	p. 165
Great Dismal Swamp	p. 167
Himmerland	p. 169
Lake Hammar	p. 170
Okavango Delta	p. 171
Okefenokee Swamp	p. 172
Pripet Marshes	p. 173
Sundarbans	p. 175
Zoigê Marsh	p. 175
Conclusion	p. 176
Notable Smaller Lakes of the World	p. 179
Hongze Lake	p. 179
Koko Nor	p. 180
Lake Como	p. 183
Lake Constance	p. 184
Lake Edward	p. 185
Lake Eyre	p. 186
Lake Garda	p. 187
Lake Geneva	p. 188
Lake Ladoga	p. 189
Lake Maggiore	p. 191
Lake Maracaibo	p. 192
Lake Managua	p. 193
Lake Nasser	p. 194
Lake Nicaragua	p. 194
Lake Onega	p. 197
Lake Rudolf	p. 199
Lake Tai	p. 200
Lake Titicaca	p. 201
Lake Urmia	p. 204
Lake Van	p. 205
Lake Winnipegosis	p. 207
Lake Ysyk	p. 208
Tonle Sap	p. 210
Average Net Primary Production of the Earth's Major Habitats	p. 212
Areas and Volumes of the Great Lakes	p. 213
Glossary	p. 214
Bibliography	p. 216
Index	p. 223
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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