The Language of Composition

          ACTIVITY Understanding Civil Discourse

          Lou Gehrig, Farewell Speech

     The Rhetorical Triangle

          ACTIVITY Analyzing a Rhetorical Situation

     SOAPS

          Albert Einstein, Dear Phyllis, January 24, 1936

          ACTIVITY George W. Bush, September 11th Speech

     Ethos

     Automatic Ethos

          King George VI, The King’s Speech

     Building Ethos

          Judith Ortiz, From The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria

          ACTIVITY Establishing Ethos

     Logos

     Conceding and Refuting

          Alice Waters, From Slow Food Nation

          ACTIVITY George Will, "King Coal: Reigning in China"

     Pathos

          Richard Nixon, from The Checkers Speech

          ACLU, The Man on the Left (advertisement)

     Humor and Pathos

          Ruth Marcus, from Crackberry Congress

          ACTIVITY Dwight D. Eisenhower, Order of the Day

     Combining Ethos, Logos, and Pathos

          Toni Morrison, Dear Senator Obama

          ACTIVITY Appealing to Ethos, Logos, and Pathos

          Tom Toles, Rosa Parks (cartoon)

          Activity World Wildlife Fund, Protecting the Future of Nature (advertisement)

          Jane Austen, from Pride and Prejudice

          PETA, Feeding Kids Meat Is Child Abuse (advertisement)

          Anne Applebaum, If the Japanese can’t build a safe reactor, who can?

          ACTIVITY Tamar Demby, Alarmist or Alarming Rhetoric? (student essay)

          ACTIVITY Federal Highway Administration, Stop for Pedestrians (advertisement)

          CULMINATING ACTIVITY

               1. The Times, Man Takes First Steps on the Moon

               2. William Safire, In Event of Moon Disaster 

               3. Ayn Rand, The July 16, 1969 Launch: A Symbol of Man’s Greatness

               4. Herblock, Transported (cartoon)

GLOSSARY OF RHETORICAL TERMS

2. Close Reading: The Art and Craft of Analysis

ANALYZING STYLE

     A Model Analysis

          Queen Elizabeth I, Speech at Tilbury

          ACTIVITY Looking at Rhetoric and Style

          ACTIVITY Winston Churchill, First Speech to the House of Commons

TALKING WITH THE TEXT

     Asking Questions

          Ralph Ellison, from On Bird, Bird-Watching and Jazz

          ACTIVITY Ralph Ellison, from On Bird, Bird-Watching and Jazz

     Annotating

          Joan Didion, from Los Angeles Notebook

     Using a Graphic Organizer

     From Close Reading to Analysis

          ACTIVITY Virginia Woolf, The Death of the Moth

WRITING A CLOSE ANALYSIS ESSAY

          Groucho Marx, Dear Warner Bros.

     Developing a Thesis Statement

     A Sample Close Analysis Essay

          ACTIVITY Christopher Morley, On Laziness

CLOSE READING A VISUAL TEXT

          Dodge, It’s a big fat juicy cheesebuger in a land of tofu (advertisement)

          ACTIVITY Girl Scouts, What Did You Do Today? (advertisement)

     CULMINATING ACTIVITY

     John F. Kennedy, Inauguration Address, January, 1961

     Eleanor Clift, Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years On

     United States Army Signal Corps, Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (photo)

GLOSSARY OF STYLE ELEMENTS

3. Analyzing Arguments: From Reading to Writing

WHAT IS ARGUMENT?

     Amy Domini, "Why Investing in Fast Food May Be a Good Thing."

          ACTIVITY Finding Common Ground

          Essay in Progress – Selecting a Topic

STAKING A CLAIM

          ACTIVITY Identifying Arguable Statements

     Types of Claims

     Claims of Fact

     Claims of Value

          Roger Ebert, Star Wars

          ACTIVITY Analyzing a Review

     Claim of Policy

          Anna Quindlen, from The C Word in the Hallways

          ACTIVITY The New York Times, Felons and the Right to Vote

          Essay in Progress – Staking a Claim

     From Claim to Thesis

          Closed Thesis Statements

          Open Thesis Statements

          Counterargument Thesis Statements

          ACTIVITY Developing Thesis Statements

          Essay in Progress: Developing a Thesis

PRESENTING EVIDENCE

     Relevant, Accurate, and Sufficient Evidence

     Logical Fallacies

          Fallacies of Relevance

          Fallacies of Accuracy

          Fallacies of Insufficiency

     First-Hand Evidence

          Personal Experience

          Jennifer Oladipo, Why Can’t Environmentalism Be Colorblind?

          Fallacy Alert – Hasty Generalization

          Anecdotes

          Fabiola Santiago, In college, these American citizens are not created equal

          Current Events

          Fareed Zakaria, from When Will We Learn?

     Second-Hand Evidence

          Historical Information

          Samuel Walker, from Hate Speech

          Fallacy Alert - Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

          Expert Opinion

          Peggy Orenstein, from Just a Little Princess

          Fallacy Alert: Appeal to False Authority

          Quantitative Evidence

          Fallacy Alert: Bandwagon Appeal

          ACTIVITY Identifying Logical Fallacies

          ACTIVITY Dana Thomas, Terrors’ Purse Strings

          Essay in Progress – Using Evidence

SHAPING ARGUMENT

     The Classical Oration

          Sandra Day O’Connor and Roy Romer, Not by Math Alone

     Induction and Deduction

          Induction

          Malcolm Gladwell, from Outliers

               Deduction

               Essay in Progress –Shaping an Argument

               Combining Induction and Deduction

               Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence

               ACTIVITY Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Declaration of the Rights of Women

     Using the Toulmin Model

          Analyzing Assumptions

          ACTIVITY Identifying Assumptions

          From Reading to Writing

          ACTIVITY Using Argument Templates

ANALYZING VISUAL TEXTS AS ARGUMENTS

     Polyp, The Rat Race (cartoon)

     Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage (photo)

     ACTIVITY US Postal Service, The Heroes of 2001 (stamp)

     Essay in Progress – Using Visual Evidence

     CULMINATING ACTIVITY

     Tom Toles, Heavy Medal

     Michael Binyon, Comment: absurd decision on Obama makes a mockery of the Nobelpeace prize

GLOSSARY OF ARGUMENT TERMS AND FALLACIES

4. Synthesizing Sources: Entering the Conversation

     ACTIVITY Reflecting on Sources

USING SOURCES TO INFORM AN ARGUMENT

     Laura Hillenbrand, from Seabiscuit

     ACTIVITY Gerald L. Early, from A Level Playing Field

USING SOURCES TO APPEAL TO AN AUDIENCE

     Steven Pinker, from Words Don’t Mean What They Mean

     Steven Pinker, from The Stuff of Thought

     Steven Pinker, from The evolutionary social psychology of off-record indirect speech acts

     ACTIVITY Examining a Columnist

Conversation: Mandatory Community Service

    1. Neil Howe And William Strauss, From Millennials Rising

     2. The Dalton School, Community Service Mission Statement

     3. The Detroit News, Volunteer Work Opens Teen’s Eyes To Nursing

     4. Dennis Chaptman, Study: ‘Resume Padding’ Prevalent In College-Bound Students WhoVolunteer

     5. Arthur Stukas, Mark Snyder, and E. Gil Clary; The Effects Of "Mandatory Volunteerism"On Intentions To Volunteer

     6. Mark Hugo Lopez, From Youth Attitudes Toward Civic Education And Community Service Requirements

WRITING A SYNTHESIS ESSAY

     Identifying the Issues: Recognizing Complexity

     Formulating Your Position

     ACTIVITY Supporting a Thesis

     Framing Quotations

     Integrating Quotations

     ACTIVITY Using Sources Effectively

     Citing Sources

     A Sample Synthesis Essay

     CULMINATING ACTIVITY Conversation: The Dumbest Generation?

          1. Mark Bauerlein, The Dumbest Generation

          2. Sharon Begley, The Dumbest Generation? Don’t Be Dumb

          3. Mizuko Ito, et. al., Living and Leaning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth Project

          4. Nicholas Carr, Is Google Making Us Stupid?

          5. R. Smith Simpson, Are We Getting Our Share of the Best?

          6. Steven Johnson, Your Brain on Video Games

          7. Clive Thompson, The New Literacy

          8. Roz Chast, Shelved (cartoon)

5. Education

Do our schools serve the goals of a true education? Central Essay      Francine Prose, I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read Classic Essay Ralph Waldo Emerson, from Education Other Voices      James Baldwin, A Talk to Teachers      Kyoko Mori, School      Sherman Alexie, Superman and Me     *David Sedaris, Me Talk Pretty One Day      Margaret Talbot, Best in Class     *David Foster Wallace, This is WaterFiction     Sandra Cisneros, Eleven Visual Text     Norman Rockwell, The Spirit of Education Visual Text     *Roz Chast, What I Learned Conversation: The American High School      Horace Mann, from The Report of the Mass. Board of Education      Todd Gitlin, The Liberal Arts in an Age of Info-Glut      Leon Botstein, Let Teen-Agers Try Adulthood      Edward Koren, Two Scoreboards (cartoon)     *Diane Ravitch, Stop the Madness     *Erik Hanushek, U.S. Math Performance in Global Perspective (tables)     *David Barboza, Shanghai Schools' Approach Pushes Students to Top of Tests Student Writing      Argument: Using Personal Experiences as Evidence Grammar as Rhetoric and Style      Appositives Suggestions for Writing  6. Community Central Essay      Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail (with public statement) Classic Essay      Henry David Thoreau, Where I Lived, and What I Lived for Other Voices      Richard Rodriguez, Aria    *Ellen Goodman, The Family That Stretches (Together)      Lori Arviso Alvord, Walking the Path between Worlds     *Robert D. Putnam, Health and Happiness     *Dinaw Mengestu, Home at Last     *Scott Brown, Facebook Friendonomics     *Malcolm Gladwell, Small Change Poetry     Aurora Levins Morales, Child of the Americas Paired Visual Texts     *Norman Rockwell, Freedom from Want      *Roz Chast, The Last Thanksgiving Visual Text     *Nissan, The Black Experience Is Everywhere Conversation: The Individual's Responsibility to the Community     *Andrew Carnegie, from The Gospel of Wealth      Bertrand Russell, The Happy Life      Garrett Hardin, Lifeboat Ethics      Peter Singer, The Singer Solution to World Poverty     *Zapiro, World Economic Forum (cartoon)     *Christian Science Monitor, Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, and the Billionaire Challenge     *Der Spiegel, Negative Reaction to Charity Campaign Student Writing      Synthesis: Incorporating Sources into a Revision Grammar as Rhetoric and Style      Parallel Structures Suggestions for Writing  7. The EconomyCentral Essay      Barbara Ehrenreich, from Serving in Florida Classic Essay      Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal Other Voices     *John Ruskin, from The Roots of Honor      Booker T. Washington, from The Atlanta Exposition Address     *Lars Eighner, Dumpster Diving     *Eric Schlosser, In the Strawberry Fields     *Stephen J. Dubner & Steven D. Levitt, What the Bagel Man Saw     *Matthew Crawford, The Case for Working with Your Hands     *Fareed Zakaria, How to Restore the American Dream Poetry     *Marge Piercy, To Be of Use Visual Text     Jeff Parker, The Great GAPsby Society Visual Text     *Tom Tomorrow, A "Handy" Guide to the Housing Market Conversation: Materialism in American Culture     *Henry David Thoreau, from Economy     *John Kenneth Galbraith, from Consumer Behavior and the Dependence Effect     *Phyllis Rose, Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today     *Wendell Berry, Waste     *Juliet Schor, from The New Politics of Consumption     *Joan Smith, Shop Happy     *Virginia Postrel, In Praise of Chain Stores     *Scott DeCarlo, Forbes Price Index of Luxury Goods (table) Student Writing      Rhetorical Analysis: Analyzing a Prose Passage Grammar as Rhetoric and Style      Short Simple Sentences and Fragments Suggestions for Writing  8. Gender Central Essay      Stephen Jay Gould, Women's Brains Classic Essay      Virginia Woolf, Professions for Women Other Voices     *Benjamin Franklin, The Speech of Miss Polly Baker      John and Abigail Adams, Letters     *Judy Brady, I Want a Wife     *Brent Staples, Just Walk on By      Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Myth of the Latin Woman     Deborah Tannen, There Is No Unmarked Woman     *Matthias Mehl, Are Women Really More Talkative Than Men? Poetry     Marge Piercy, Barbie Doll Paired Visual Texts     *Charles LeBrun, Chancellor Seguier at the Entry of Louis XIV into Paris      *Kehinde Wiley, The Chancellor Seguier on Horseback Conversation: Defining Masculinity     *Leonard McCombe, Marlboro Man (photo)      Paul Theroux, Being a Man      Gretel Ehrlich, About Men      Rebecca Walker, Putting down the Gun      Mark Bauerlein and Sandra Stotsky, Why Johnny Won't Read      David Brooks, Mind over Muscle Student Writing: Argument      Supporting an Assertion Grammar as Rhetoric and Style      Pronouns Suggestions for Writing  9. Sports Central Essay      Gay Talese, Silent Season of a Hero Classic Essay      *Grantland Rice, The Four Horsemen Other Voices      Theodore Roosevelt, The Proper Place for Sports     *Joyce Carol Oates, The Cruelest Sport      Kris Vervaecke, A Spectator's Notebook     *Jane Smiley, Barbaro, The Heart in the Winner's Circle     *Malcolm Gladwell, Offensive Play     *Rick Reilly, Why I Love My Job     *Caroline Alexander, The Great Game Poetry     John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player Visual Text     *New York World, The 12th Man in Any Football Game (cartoon)Visual Text      *Sports Illustrated, Yes! (cover) Conversation: Paying College Athletes     *Boris Drucker, I'm glad we won... (cartoon)     *Frank DeFord, Pay Dirt     *Michael Lewis, Serfs of the Turf     *Bill Walton, My Priceless Opportunity     *Michael Wilbon, As Colleges' Greed Grows, So Does the Hypocrisy     *Steve Weiberg, Despite Criticism, NCAA Takes a Firm Stance on Professionalism     *NCAA, Why Students Aren't Paid to Play Student Writing      Rhetorical Analysis: Comparing Strategies     Grammar as Rhetoric and Style      Direct, Precise, and Active Verbs Suggestions for Writing  10. Language Central Essay      Amy Tan, Mother Tongue Classic Essay      George Orwell, Politics and the English Language Other Voices     *Walt Whitman, Slang in America     *Gloria Anzaldœa, How to Tame a Wild Tongue      Marjorie Agosin, Always Living in Spanish     *Firoozeh Dumas, The 'F Word'     *Charles Krauthammer, In Plain English     *Steven Pinker, Words Don't Mean What They Mean Poetry     Naomi Shihab Nye, For Mohammed Zeid of Gaza, Age 15 & Why I Could Not Accept Your Invitation Visual Text     *U.S. Census, Language Use in the U.S. Visual Text     *Jim Cummins, The Effects of Bilingualism Conversation: Politics and the English Language     *Institute for Propaganda Analysis, How to Detect Propaganda     *Michiko Kakutani, The Word Police     *Harper's, Skinning Cats, Nonviolently (table)     *Mike Lester, NCAA Native American Mascots (cartoon)      Geoffrey Nunberg, The —ism Schism      Daniel Okrent, The War of Words: A Dispatch from the Front Lines (with letters to the editor)     *Frank Luntz, from Words that Work Student Writing      Narrating: Reflecting on Personal ExerienceGrammar as Rhetoric and Style      Concise DictionSuggestions for Writing  11. Popular Culture *Central Essay      James McBride, Hip Hop Planet Classic Essay      Mark Twain, Corn-pone Opinions Other Voices      Scott McCloud, Show and Tell (graphic essay)      David Denby, High-School Confidential     *Robin Givhan, An Image a Little Too Carefully Coordinated      Steven Johnson, Watching TV Makes You Smarter     *Daniel Harris, Celebrity Bodies     *Chuck Klosterman, My Zombie, Myself Poetry     Hans Ostrom, Emily Dickinson and Elvis Presley in Heaven Visual Text     Mark Tansey, The Innocent Eye Test Visual Text     *Andy Warhol, Myths Conversation: Exporting American Pop Culture     *Thomas Friedman, The Revolution Is U.S.     *Heather Havrilesky, Besieged by 'Friends'    *Dierdre Straughan, Who's Dominating Whom?     *Kwame Anthony Appiah, from The Case for Contamination     *Josef Joffe, The Perils of Soft Power     *Joseph Nye, The U.S. Can Reclaim Smart Power     *Slovakian Fan at World Cup (photo) Student Writing      Rhetorical Analysis: Analyzing Satire Grammar as Rhetoric and Style      Modifiers Suggestions for Writing  12. The Environment Central Essay      Rachel Carson, from Silent Spring Classic Essay      Ralph Waldo Emerson, from Nature Other Voices     *Aldo Leopold, The Land Ethic     *Lewis Thomas, Natural Man     *Bill McKibben, from The End of Nature     Terry Tempest Williams, The Clan of One-Breasted Women     *Joy Williams, Save the Whales, Screw the Shrimp     *E.O. Wilson, from The Future of Life *Poetry     *Gerard Manley Hopkins, Inversnaid Visual Text     R. Crumb, A Shorty History of America (cartoon)Visual Text     *Royal Dutch/Shell, Let's Go (advertisement)Conversation: Sustainable Eating     *Peter Menzel, Hungry Planet (photo essay)     *Michael Pollan, A Naturalist in the Supermarket     *James McWilliams, The Locavore Myth     *Jonathan Safran Foer, The American Table and The Global Table     *Nicolette Hahn Niman, Carnivore's Dilemma     *Will Allen, A Good Food Manifesto for America     *A.J. Jacobs, Farm to Table     *Michael Specter, from Test-Tube Burgers Student Writing      Visual Rhetoric: Analyzing a Photo Essay Grammar as Rhetoric and Style      Cumulative, Periodic, and Inverted Sentences Suggestions for Writing  13. Politics Central Essay      Jamaica Kincaid, On Seeing England for the First Time Classic Essay      Henry David Thoreau, On the Duty of Civil Disobedience Other Voices     *Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address      Virginia Woolf, Thoughts on Peace During an Air Raid      Chris Hedges, from The Destruction of Culture     *Sarah Vowell, The Partly Cloudy Patriot     *Laura Blumenfeld, The Apology     *Marjane Satrapi, The Veil (geographic memoir)Fiction     Tim O'Brien, On the Rainy River Visual Texts     Pablo Picasso, Guernica (painting)     New Yorker, March 17, 2003 (cover)     Harper's, April 2003 (cover)Conversation: Colonialism     *Christopher Columbus, Letter to King Ferdinand     *King Ferdinand, The Requerimiento    *Red Jacket, Defense of Native American Religion      George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant     *Frantz Fanon, Concerning Violence      Eavan Boland, In Which the Ancient History I Learn Is Not My Own (poem)      Chinua Achebe, The Empire Fights Back      National Park Service, Christiansted (brochure) Student Writing      Synthesis: Using Sources to Support an Argument Grammar as Rhetoric and Style      Subordination in the Complex Sentence Suggestions for Writing  

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