Laser Inter-Satellite Links Technology

State of the art resource covering key technologies and related theories of inter-satellite links

Laser Inter-Satellite Links Technology explores satellite networking as a growing topic in the field of communication technology, introducing the definition, types, and working frequency bands of inter-satellite links, discussing the number of orbital elements of the spacecraft motion state under two-body motion and their conversion relationship, and establishing the basic demand model for inter-satellite link network, chain topology model, and transmission protocol model.

The book focuses on the analysis and introduction of the principles and error sources of microwave and laser inter-satellite ranging, including the basic composition, workflow, and constraints of the laser inter-satellite link, and related design principles of the inter-satellite laser transmitter and receivers. Later chapters also discuss theories and methods of acquisition, alignment, and tracking, the impact of alignment errors on performance, and inter-satellite link modulation and its implementation.

Specific sample topics covered in Laser Inter-Satellite Links Technology include:

• Pulse position modulation (PPM), differential pulse position modulation (DPPM), digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM), and double-head pulse interval modulation (DH-PIM)
• Basic demand model of inter-satellite link network application, including basic configuration of constellations and inter-satellite transmission networks
• Inter-satellite ranging accuracy, principles of microwave inter-satellite ranging, and analysis of microwave ranging error sources
• Effect of tracking error on the beam distribution at the receiving end and influence of tracking and pointing error on communication error rate

Laser Inter-Satellite Links Technology serves a completely comprehensive resource on the subject and is a must-have reference for experts and scholars in aerospace, along with graduates and senior undergraduates in related programs of study.

Jianjun Zhang, PhD, is a Professor at Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology. He has published more than 50 SCI/EI search papers in international journals and conferences, authorized more than 20 invention patents at home and abroad, and published 3 monographs.

Jing Li, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology. She has presided over more than 10 projects at leading institutions.

Laser Inter-Satellite Links Technology

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Connotation of inter-satellite link

1.2 Types of inter-satellite links

1.3 Inter-satellite link frequency band selection

1.3.1 Selection of link band

1.3.2 Selection of working frequency

1.4 Microwave inter-satellite link

1.4.1 Frequency selection

1.4.2 Microwave inter-satellite link data transmission system

1.5 Laser inter-satellite link

1.5.1 Technical characteristics of laser inter-satellite links

1.5.2 Future requirements for laser inter-satellite links

1.5.3 The development trend of laser inter-satellite links

References

Chapter 2 Development History of Laser Inter-satellite Link

2.1 Laser inter-satellite link development stage

2.2 The development status of laser inter-satellite link technology in various countries

2.2.1 United States

2.2.2 Europe

2.2.3 Japan

2.3 Experience and inspiration

References

Chapter 3 Spacecraft Orbit and Application

3.1 Overview

3.2 Kepler's law

3.3 Two-body motion and orbital parameters

3.4 Near-Earth Space Orbits and Applications

References

Chapter 4 The basic model of constellation inter-satellite link networking

4.1 Application requirements for satellite navigation inter-satellite links

4.1.1 Constellation precise orbit determination and time synchronization

4.1.2 Data communication

4.1.3 Autonomous operation

4.1.4 Extended Service

4.2 Basic demand model of inter-satellite link network application

4.2.1 Basic configuration of constellations

4.2.2 Inter-satellite transmission network based on STDMA

4.2.3 Antenna solution

4.2.4 Inter-satellite link application mode

4.3 Inter-satellite link network chain topology model

4.3.1 Analysis of topological attributes of inter-satellite links

4.3.2 Inter-satellite visibility analysis

4.3.3 Inter-satellite link topology cost

4.4 Inter-satellite link network protocol model

4.4.1 Inter-satellite network protocol model

4.4.2 Transport layer protocol

References         

Chapter 5 Principles of Laser Inter-satellite Ranging

5.1 Principle of inter-satellite ranging

5.2 Inter-satellite ranging accuracy

5.3 Principle of microwave inter-satellite ranging

5.3.1 Principle of pseudo-range two-way ranging

5.3.2 Analysis of Microwave Ranging Error Source

5.4 Principle of laser inter-satellite ranging

5.4.1 Principle of Laser Pulse Ranging

5.4.2 Analysis of Error Sources in Laser Ranging

References

Chapter 6 Composition of Laser Inter-satellite Link

6.1 Basic structure of laser inter-satellite link

6.2 Work flow of laser inter-satellite link

6.3 Constraints

6.3.1 Satellite orbit

6.3.2 Satellite attitude

6.3.3 Uncertain angle of pre-cover

6.3.4 Satellite vibration problem

6.3.5 Dynamic coupling problem

6.3.6 Influence of background stray light

6.4 Transmitter design

6.4.1 Choice of laser

6.4.2 Wavelength selection

6.4.3 Selection of the diameter of the transmitting antenna

6.4.4 Calculation of transmitting antenna gain

6.5 Receiver design

6.5.1 Selection of receiving detector

6.5.2 Selection of receiving antenna aperture

6.5.3 Calculation of receiving antenna gain

6.5.4 Calculation of received power

References

Chapter 7 Inter-satellite Laser Capture, Aiming and Tracking System

7.1 Acquisition

7.1.1 Capture Scheme

7.1.2 Capture Path

7.2 Pointing

7.3 Tracking

7.3.1 Analysis of tracking system beacon beam divergence

7.3.2 The role of the tracking system in the APT system

7.4 APT system terminal structure

7.4.1 Coarse sighting subsystem design

7.4.2 Design of precision sighting subsystem

References

Chapter 8 Inter-satellite laser link tracking error

8.1 Definition of alignment error

8.2 Alignment error model and analysis of factors

8.2.1 Mathematical modeling of alignment errors

8.2.2 Factors causing alignment errors

8.2.3 The effect of tracking error on the beam distribution at the receiving end

8.2.4 The influence of tracking and pointing error on communication error rate

8.3 Analysis of tracking and pointing error sources of inter-satellite laser communication system

8.3.1 Satellite platform vibration

8.3.2 Detector noise

8.4 Satellite platform vibration suppression scheme

8.4.1 Satellite platform vibration suppression scheme

8.4.2 Feedforward vibration suppression algorithm

References

Chapter 9 Inter-satellite Link Laser Modulation Mode

9.1 Block diagram of inter-satellite link optical communication system

9.2 Typical incoherent optical modulation mode (IM/DD)

9.2.1 On-off key control (OOK)

9.2.2 Pulse position modulation (PPM)

9.2.3 Differential Pulse Position Modulation (DPPM)

9.2.4 Digital Pulse Interval Modulation (DPIM)

9.2.5 Double-head pulse interval modulation (DH-PIM)

9.3 Coherent optical communication modulator and modulation principle

9.3.1 Optical modulator

9.3.2 Coherent optical communication modulation format

9.4 Comparison of communication performance of laser modulation schemes

9.4.1 Average transmit power

9.4.2 Transmission bandwidth

9.4.3 Bit Error Rate

9.4.4 Summary

References

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