Learning UML 2.0

Since the dawn of computing, software designers and developers have searched for ways to describe the systems they worked so hard to create. Yet, it wasn't until 1997 that a visual language they could use for every aspect of a system development project was created: the Unified Modelling Language (UML). Now it's considered an industry standard. For anyone involved in system software development who wishes to use an industry-standard modeling language to notate and communicate about aspects of design, this tutorial on version 2.0 of the Universal Modelling Language will get them jump-started.

Russell Miles
Russell Miles is a software engineer for General Dynamics UK where he works with Java and Distributed Systems, although his passion at the moment is Aspect Orientation and in particular AspectJ. To ensure that he has as little spare time as possible, Russ contributes to various open source projects while working on books for O'Reilly. He currently is studying at Oxford University in England for an MSc in Software Engineering.
Kim Hamilton
Kim Hamilton is a senior software engineer at a major aerospace corporation, where she has designed and implemented a variety of systems, including web applications and distributed systems. Kim has a Master's in Applied Math and Computer Science from Cornell University.

Preface

ix

Introduction

1

(19)

What's in a Modeling Language?

2

(7)

Why UML 2.0?

9

(3)

Models and Diagrams

12

(1)

``Degrees'' of UML

13

(1)

UML and the Software Development Process

13

(1)

Views of Your Model

14

(2)

A First Taste of UML

16

(3)

Want More Information?

19

(1)

Modeling Requirements: Use Cases

20

(23)

Capturing a System Requirement

22

(8)

Use Case Relationships

30

(10)

Use Case Overview Diagrams

40

(1)

What's Next?

41

(2)

Modeling System Workflows: Activity Diagrams

43

(20)

Activity Diagram Essentials

44

(2)

Activities and Actions

46

(1)

Decisions and Merges

47

(2)

Doing Multiple Tasks at the Same Time

49

(2)

Time Events

51

(1)

Calling Other Activities

52

(1)

Objects

53

(3)

Sending and Receiving Signals

56

(1)

Starting an Activity

57

(1)

Ending Activities and Flows

57

(2)

Partitions (or Swimlanes)

59

(1)

Managing Complex Activity Diagrams

60

(2)

What's Next?

62

(1)

Modeling a System's Logical Structure: Introducing Classes and Class Diagrams

63

(20)

What Is a Class?

63

(4)

Getting Started with Classes in UML

67

(1)

Visibility

67

(5)

Class State: Attributes

72

(5)

Class Behavior: Operations

77

(2)

Static Parts of Your Classes

79

(3)

What's Next

82

(1)

Modeling a System's Logical Structure: Advanced Class Diagrams

83

(18)

Class Relationships

83

(8)

Constraints

91

(1)

Abstract Classes

92

(4)

Interfaces

96

(3)

Templates

99

(1)

What's Next

100

(1)

Bringing Your Classes to Life: Object Diagrams

101

(7)

Object Instances

101

(2)

Links

103

(2)

Binding Class Templates

105

(2)

What's Next?

107

(1)

Modeling Ordered Interactions: Sequence Diagrams

108

(23)

Participants in a Sequence Diagram

109

(1)

Time

110

(1)

Events, Signals, and Messages

111

(2)

Activation Bars

113

(1)

Nested Messages

114

(1)

Message Arrows

114

(6)

Bringing a Use Case to Life with a Sequence Diagram

120

(6)

Managing Complex Interactions with Sequence Fragments

126

(4)

What's Next?

130

(1)

Focusing on Interaction Links: Communication Diagrams

131

(13)

Participants, Links, and Messages

131

(5)

Fleshing out an Interaction with a Communication Diagram

136

(3)

Communication Diagrams Versus Sequence Diagrams

139

(4)

What's Next?

143

(1)

Focusing on Interaction Timing: Timing Diagrams

144

(19)

What Do Timing Diagrams Look Like?

144

(2)

Building a Timing Diagram from a Sequence Diagram

146

(1)

Applying Participants to a Timing Diagram

147

(1)

States

148

(1)

Time

149

(3)

A Participant's State-Line

152

(1)

Events and Messages

153

(1)

Timing Constraints

154

(3)

Organizing Participants on a Timing Diagram

157

(2)

An Alternate Notation

159

(3)

What's Next?

162

(1)

Completing the Interaction Picture: Interaction Overview Diagrams

163

(10)

The Parts of an Interaction Overview Diagram

163

(2)

Modeling a Use Case Using an Interaction Overview

165

(6)

What's Next?

171

(2)

Modeling a Class's Internal Structure: Composite Structures

173

(13)

Internal Structure

174

(6)

Showing How a Class Is Used

180

(2)

Showing Patterns with Collaborations

182

(3)

What's Next?

185

(1)

Managing and Reusing Your System's Parts: Component Diagrams

186

(12)

What Is a Component?

186

(1)

A Basic Component in UML

187

(1)

Provided and Required Interfaces of a Component

188

(2)

Showing Components Working Together

190

(2)

Classes That Realize a Component

192

(2)

Ports and Internal Structure

194

(2)

Black-Box and White-Box Component Views

196

(1)

What's Next?

197

(1)

Organizing Your Model: Packages

198

(13)

Packages

199

(2)

Namespaces and Classes Referring to Each Other

201

(2)

Element Visibility

203

(1)

Package Dependency

204

(1)

Importing and Accessing Packages

205

(3)

Managing Package Dependencies

208

(1)

Using Packages to Organize Use Cases

209

(1)

What's Next?

210

(1)

Modeling an Object's State: State Machine Diagrams

211

(13)

Essentials

212

(1)

States

213

(1)

Transitions

214

(3)

States in Software

217

(1)

Advanced State Behavior

218

(2)

Composite States

220

(1)

Advanced Pseudostates

221

(1)

Signals

222

(1)

Protocol State Machines

223

(1)

What's Next?

223

(1)

Modeling Your Deployed System: Deployment Diagrams

224

(13)

Deploying a Simple System

224

(2)

Deployed Software: Artifacts

226

(3)

What Is a Node?

229

(1)

Hardware and Execution Environment Nodes

229

(2)

Communication Between Nodes

231

(1)

Deployment Specifications

232

(2)

When to Use a Deployment Diagram

234

(1)

What's Next?

235

(2)

Object Constraint Language

237

(8)

Adapting UML: Profiles

245

(7)

A History of UML

252

(7)

Index

259

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Russell Miles

Kim Hamilton