Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy

, by Rawls, John

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ISBN: 9780674004429 | 0674004426
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/15/2000

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Summary

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they also afford unique insight into how John Rawls has transformed our view of this history.

Editor's Foreword

A Note on the Texts

xxi

Introduction: Modern Moral Philosophy, 1600--1800

(1)

A Difference between Classical and Modern Moral Philosophy

(2)

The Main Problem of Greek Moral Philosophy

(2)

The Background of Modern Moral Philosophy

(3)

The Problems of Modern Moral Philosophy

(3)

The Relation between Religion and Science

(3)

Kant on Science and Religion

(3)

On Studying Historical Texts

(4)

Hume

Morality Psychologized and the Passions

(15)

Background: Skepticism and the Fideism of Nature

(3)

Classification of the Passions

(3)

Outline of Section 3 of Part III of Book II

(4)

Hume's Account of (Nonmoral) Deliberation: The Official View

(5)

Rational Deliberation and the Role of Reason

(15)

Three Questions about Hume's Official View

(1)

Three Further Psychological Principles

(3)

Deliberation as Transforming the System of Passions

(3)

The General Appetite to Good

(2)

The General Appetite to Good: Passion or Principle?

(6)

Justice as an Artificial Virtue

(18)

The Capital of the Sciences

(2)

The Elements of Hume's Problem

(3)

The Origin of Justice and Property

(2)

The Circumstances of Justice

(1)

The Idea of Convention

(5)

Examples and Supplementary Remarks

(3)

Justice as a Best Scheme of Conventions

(2)

The Two Stages of Development

(3)

The Critique of Rational Intuitionism

(15)

Introduction

(1)

Some of Clarke's Main Claims

(5)

The Content of Right and Wrong

(2)

Rational Intuitionism's Moral Psychology

(1)

Hume's Critique of Rational Intuitionism

(3)

Hume's Second Argument: Morality Not Demonstrable

(3)

The Judicious Spectator

(21)

Introduction

(1)

Hume's Account of Sympathy

(3)

The First Objection: The Idea of the Judicious Spectator

(3)

The Second Objection: Virtue in Rags Is Still Virtue

(2)

The Epistemological Role of the Moral Sentiments

(3)

Whether Hume Has a Conception of Practical Reason

(2)

The Concluding Section of the Treatise

(7)

Appendix: Hume's Disowning the Treatise

101

(4)

Leibniz

His Metaphysical Perfectionism

105

(18)

Introduction

105

(3)

Leibniz's Metaphysical Perfectionism

108

(3)

The Concept of a Perfection

111

(3)

Leibniz's Predicate-in-Subject Theory of Truth

114

(5)

Some Comments on Leibniz's Account of Truth

119

(4)

Spirits as Active Substances: Their Freedom

123

(20)

The Complete Individual Concept Includes Active Powers

123

(4)

Spirits as Individual Rational Substances

127

(4)

True Freedom

131

(3)

Reason, Judgment, and Will

134

(5)

A Note on the Practical Point of View

139

(4)

Kant

Groundwork: Preface and Part I

143

(19)

Introductory Comments

143

(3)

Some Points about the Preface: Paragraphs 11--13

146

(3)

The Idea of a Pure Will

149

(3)

The Main Argument of Groundwork I

152

(2)

The Absolute Value of a Good Will

154

(3)

The Special Purpose of Reason

157

(1)

Two Roles of the Good Will

158

(4)

The Categorical Imperative: The First Formulation

162

(19)

Introduction

162

(2)

Features of Ideal Moral Agents

164

(3)

The Four-Step CI-Procedure

167

(3)

Kant's Second Example: The Deceitful Promise

170

(2)

Kant's Fourth Example: The Maxim of Indifference

172

(3)

Two Limits on Information

175

(2)

The Structure of Motives

177

(4)

The Categorical Imperative: The Second Formulation

181

(19)

The Relation between the Formulations

181

(2)

Statements of the Second Formulation

183

(2)

Duties of Justice and Duties of Virtue

185

(2)

What Is Humanity?

187

(3)

The Negative Interpretation

190

(4)

The Positive Interpretation

194

(1)

Conclusion: Remarks on Groundwork II:46--49 (427--429)

195

(5)

The Categorical Imperative: The Third Formulation

200

(17)

Gaining Entry for the Moral Law

200

(3)

The Formulation of Autonomy and Its Interpretation

203

(2)

The Supremacy of Reason

205

(3)

The Realm of Ends

208

(3)

Bringing the Moral Law Nearer to Intuition

211

(3)

What Is the Analogy?

214

(3)

The Priority of Right and the Object of the Moral Law

217

(18)

Introduction

217

(2)

The First Three of Six Conceptions of the Good

219

(4)

The Second Three Conceptions of the Good

223

(3)

Autonomy and Heteronomy

226

(4)

The Priority of Right

230

(2)

A Note on True Human Needs

232

(3)

Moral Constructivism

235

(18)

Rational Intuitionism: A Final Look

235

(2)

Kant's Moral Constructivism

237

(1)

The Constructivist Procedure

238

(3)

An Observation and an Objection

241

(2)

Two Conceptions of Objectivity

243

(4)

The Categorical Imperative: In What Way Synthetic A Priori?

247

(6)

The Fact of Reason

253

(20)

Introduction

253

(2)

The First Fact of Reason Passage

255

(3)

The Second Passage: §§--8 of Chapter I of the Analytic

258

(3)

The Third Passage: Appendix I to Analytic I, Paragraphs 8--15

261

(3)

Why Kant Might Have Abandoned a Deduction for the Moral Law

264

(2)

What Kind of Authentication Does the Moral Law Have?

266

(2)

The Fifth and Sixth Fact of Reason Passages

268

(3)

Conclusion

271

(2)

The Moral Law as the Law of Freedom

273

(18)

Concluding Remarks on Constructivism and Due Reflection

273

(2)

The Two Points of View

275

(2)

Kant's Opposition to Leibniz on Freedom

277

(3)

Absolute Spontaneity

280

(2)

The Moral Law as a Law of Freedom

282

(3)

The Ideas of Freedom

285

(4)

Conclusion

289

(2)

The Moral Psychology of the Religion, Book I

291

(18)

The Three Predispositions

291

(3)

The Free Power of Choice

294

(4)

The Rational Representation of the Origin of Evil

298

(5)

The Manichean Moral Psychology

303

(3)

The Roots of Moral Motivation in Our Person

306

(3)

The Unity of Reason

309

(20)

The Practical Point of View

309

(2)

The Realm of Ends as Object of the Moral Law

311

(2)

The Highest Good as Object of the Moral Law

313

(4)

The Postulates of Vernunftglaube

317

(2)

The Content of Reasonable Faith

319

(3)

The Unity of Reason

322

(7)

Hegel

His Rechtsphilosophie

329

(20)

Introduction

329

(2)

Philosophy as Reconciliation

331

(5)

The Free Will

336

(4)

Private Property

340

(4)

Civil Society

344

(5)

Ethical Life and Liberalism

349

(24)

Sittlichkeit: The Account of Duty

349

(3)

Sittlichkeit: The State

352

(6)

Sittlichkeit: War and Peace

358

(4)

A Third Alternative

362

(3)

Hegel's Legacy as a Critic of Liberalism

365

(8)

Appendix: Course Outline

373

(4)

Index

377

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Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials