The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and

This reader summarizes and integrates information on the origins, historical development, and current situations of the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. Legacy of Mesoamerica, The: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization, 2e describes contributions from the development of Mesoamerican Civilization through 20 th century societies of Mexico and Central America and their influence in the world community.

Preface

vii

Introduction

1

(37)

UNIT I PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA

38

(113)

Origins and Development of Mesoamerican Civilization

38

(40)

Janine Gasco

Marilyn A. Masson

Robert M. Rosenswig

Michael E. Smith

Early Inhabitants of Mesoamerica

40

(6)

Mesoamerica Defines Itself: The Formative Period

46

(10)

The Classic Civilizations

56

(15)

Epiclassic/Terminal Classic, and Early Postclassic Periods

71

(5)

Suggested Readings

76

(2)

Late Postclassic Mesoamerica

78

(42)

Robert M. Carmack

Janine Gasco

Marilyn A. Masson

Michael E. Smith

Historical Overview of the Late Postclassic Period

78

(11)

Profiles of Three Late Postclassic Mesoamerican Peoples

89

(29)

Summary of Major Developments in Prehispanic Mesoamerica

118

(1)

Suggested Readings

119

(1)

The Mesoamerican World at Spanish Contact

120

(31)

Robert M. Carmack

Sociocultural Complexity of the Mesoamerican World

121

(2)

Mesoamerica as a World-System

123

(24)

Reflections on the Mesoamerican World

147

(2)

Suggested Readings

149

(2)

UNIT II COLONIAL MESOAMERICA

151

(145)

Mesoamerica and Spain: The Conquest

151

(31)

Louise M. Burkhart

Janine Gasco

The Origins of Spanish Imperialism

151

(4)

Spain's Colonial Enterprise Begins

155

(5)

The Debate over Indian Rights

160

(4)

The Campaign Against the Aztecs

164

(11)

The Conquest of Michoacan

175

(1)

The Maya Area

176

(5)

Suggested Readings

181

(1)

The Colonial Period in Mesoamerica

182

(40)

Louise M. Burkhart

Janine Gasco

The Colonial Regime

182

(4)

Civil-Religious Institutions Affecting the Native Population

186

(3)

Evangelization: Issues and Implications

189

(9)

Colonial Society

198

(3)

Life in the Corporate Community

201

(16)

Native Rebellions

217

(3)

Suggested Readings

220

(2)

Indigenous Literature from Colonial Mesoamerica

222

(33)

Louise M. Burkhart

Pre-Columbian Literature

223

(6)

The Colonial Codices

229

(8)

Colonial Transcriptions of Oral Literature

237

(8)

Native and Mestizo Historians

245

(4)

Indo-Christian Literature

249

(2)

Civil or Notarial Literature

251

(2)

Suggested Readings

253

(2)

Mesoamericans in the Neocolonial Era

255

(41)

Robert M. Carmack

Gary H. Gossen

Nineteenth-Century Social History: From Independence to Dictatorship

256

(8)

Mesoamericans and the Independence Movements

264

(9)

Mesoamerican Indians under Conservative and Liberal Rule

273

(9)

Nativist Movements by Mesoamerican Indians

282

(7)

U.S. Meddling and Other Antecendents to the Modern Era

289

(6)

Suggested Readings

295

(1)

UNIT III MODERN MESOAMERICA

296

(111)

Native Mesoamericans in the Modern Era

296

(51)

Robert M. Carmack

Native Mesoamericans and the Mexican and Central American Revolutions

297

(18)

Development and Native Mesoamericans in Mexico and Central America

315

(12)

Native Mesoamerican Ethnic and National Movements in Mexico and Central America

327

(19)

Suggested Readings

346

(1)

Transnationalism and the Political Economy of Mesoamerica

347

(32)

Liliana R. Goldin

Walter E. Little

The Traditional Milpa

348

(2)

Economic Legacies of Colonialism

350

(7)

Labor and Production in the Global Economy

357

(6)

Distribution and Consumption

363

(6)

Mesoamerica in a Transnational World

369

(6)

Economy and Change in Mesoamerica

375

(2)

Suggested Readings

377

(2)

The Mayan Zapatista Movement

379

(28)

Gary H. Gossen

Zapatistas Launch a New Kind of War

380

(2)

Contexts Within which the Movement Has Emerged

382

(4)

General Structural Themes of the Zapatista Movement

386

(8)

Social and Ethnic Structure of the Zapatistas

394

(6)

Zapatista Political Organization

400

(3)

The Wider Significance of the Zapatista Movement

403

(3)

Suggested Readings

406

(1)

UNIT IV MESOAMERICAN CULTURAL FEATURES

407

(127)

Language and Languages Of Mesoamerica

407

(32)

John S. Justeson

George A. Broadwell

The Diversity of Mesoamerican Languages

407

(5)

The Structure of the Mesoamerican Languages

412

(7)

Language Variation and Change

419

(6)

Writing in Ancient Mesoamerica

425

(5)

Language and History

430

(8)

Final Comment

438

(1)

Suggested Readings

438

(1)

Women and Gender in Mesoamerica

439

(37)

Brenda Rosenbaum

Christine Eber

The Prehispanic Mesoamerican Gender System

441

(4)

Women and Gender in the Colonial Period

445

(8)

Women in Postcolonial Mexico (1821--1940s)

453

(5)

Contemporary Mesoamerican Gender Relations

458

(14)

Gender Awareness and Contemporary Women's Movements

472

(3)

Suggested Readings

475

(1)

The Indian Voice in Recent Mesoamerican Literature

476

(29)

Gary H. Gossen

The Nineteenth-Century Hiatus

476

(1)

The Representation of Indian Voices in Recent Mesoamerican Art and Literature

477

(4)

The Native Voice in National Written Literatures of Mesoamerica

481

(7)

Traditional Indian Verbal Arts in the Twentieth Century

488

(12)

New Indian Writing in Mesoamerica

500

(4)

Suggested Readings

504

(1)

The Religious Traditions of Mesoamerica

505

(29)

Gary H. Gossen

The Ancient World

505

(10)

The Mesoamerican Spiritual World Meets the West

515

(8)

Into the Modern Era

523

(4)

Is There a Common Core of Mesoamerican Spirituality?

527

(6)

Suggested Readings

533

(1)

Glossary

534

(6)

Bibliographic References

540

(9)

Index

549

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The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials