Leucocyte Adhesion

, by Ley

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ISBN: 9780123749093 | 0123749093
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/16/2009

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Current Topics in Membranes provides a systematic, comprehensive, and rigorous approach to specific topics relevant to the study of cellular membranes. This volume provides a review of the latest developments in leucocyte adhesion. Regulation of cell adhesion is important for immune system function. Contributions from leading experts in the field Reviews the latest developments

Contributors	p. xi
Foreword	p. xiii
Previous Volumes in Series	p. xvii
Membrane Composition and Properties
Membrane Tethers
Overview	p. 3
Introduction	p. 4
Tethers Formed from Bilayer Vesicles	p. 6
Tetheis Formed from Red Blood Cells	p. 10
Tethers from Neutrophils and Other Cells	p. 16
Implications for Cell Adhesion in the Vasculature	p. 19
Conclusion	p. 20
Future Challenges	p. 21
References	p. 22
Biomechanics of Leukocyte and Endothelial Cell Surface
Overview	p. 25
Introduction	p. 26
Surface Protrusion and Compression	p. 28
Flexural Stiffness of Leukocyte Microvilli	p. 32
Membrane Tether Extraction	p. 33
Impact of Surface Protrusion and Tether Extraction on Leukocyte Rolling	p. 39
Concluding Remarks	p. 40
References	p. 41
The Cytoskeleton and Deform ability of White Blood Cells
Overview	p. 47
Introduction	p. 48
Passive Deformation of the Cell Contributes to Cell Rolling	p. 50
Integrin Activation and Cell Arrest are Dependent on Cell Deformability	p. 57
Firmly Adherent Cells Experience Active Deformation	p. 60
Cytoskeleton is the Source of Bulk Mechanical Properties of White Blood Cells	p. 63
White Blood Cell Deformability can be Measured by Several Rheological Techniques	p. 72
Reduced Deformability of White-Blood Cells Leads to Pathologies	p. 88
Concluding Remarks	p. 90
References	p. 91
Adhesion Molecules
Activation of Leukocyte Integrins
Overview	p. 115
Leukocyte Integrins	p. 116
Pathology of Integrin Function Deficiency	p. 117
Pathology Underlying the Aberrant Integrin Regulation	p. 118
Structures of Integrin Heterodimers and Integrin Domains	p. 119
Conformational Changes in the ¿ and ß I-Domains	p. 120
Global Conformational Changes	p. 122
Integrin Activation in Leukocyte-Endothelial Interactions	p. 123
Spatiotemporal Regulation of Integrin Activation	p. 125
The Role of Integrins in the Interstitial Migration of Leukocytes	p. 126
Concluding Remarks	p. 127
References	p. 128
Cytoskeletal Interactions with Leukocyte and Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules
Overview	p. 134
Introduction	p. 134
Integrin Interactions with the Cytoskeleton	p. 134
Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain-Binding Proteins in Leukocytes	p. 138
Selectin Interactions with the Cytoskeleton	p. 142
Immunoglobulin Superfamily Interactions with the Cytoskeleton	p. 146
Conclusions	p. 149
References	p. 149
Membrane-Cytoskeletal Platforms for Rapid Chemokine Signaling to Integrins
Overview	p. 158
Introduction	p. 159
Leukocyte Integrin Activation at Endothelial Contacts	p. 162
Signaling Events in Rapid Integrin Activation by GPCRs	p. 172
Membranal Platforms for Integrin Activation by Chemokine Signals	p. 178
Priming of Integrins to Chemokine Signaling in Rolling Leukocytes	p. 181
Conclusions	p. 183
References	p. 184
Biophysical Regulation of Selectin-Ligand Interactions Under Flow
Overview	p. 195
Introduction	p. 196
Selectins	p. 197
Selectin Ligands	p. 197
Kinetic and Mechanical Parameters of Cell Tethering and Roiling Under Flow	p. 200
Force Free Kinetics and Affinity of Selectin-Ligand Interactions	p. 203
Mechanical Regulation of Selectin-Ligand Interactions	p. 204
Flow-Enhanced Adhesion: The Shear Threshold Phenomenon	p. 208
Cellular Features that Modulate Selectin-Mediated Leukocyte Rolling	p. 211
Conclusions	p. 214
References	p. 215
Modeling Leukocyte Rolling
Overview	p. 221
Motivation for Modeling Leukocyte Rolling	p. 222
History of Modeling Leukocyte Rolling	p. 226
Development of a Leukocyte Rolling Model	p. 229
Published Modeling Approaches	p. 254
Future Directions	p. 264
References	p. 266
Active Role of Endothelial Cells
Endothelial Adhesive Platforms Organize Receptors to Promote Leukocyte Extravasation
Overview	p. 277
Introduction	p. 278
The Emerging Concept of Endothelial Adhesive Platforms	p. 283
Concluding Remarks and Therapeutic Perspectives	p. 288
Technical Appendix	p. 289
References	p. 291
Transmigratory Cups and Invadosome-Like Protrusions: New Aspects of Diapedesis
Overview	p. 297
Introduction	p. 298
Endothelial Transmigratory Cups	p. 302
Leukocyte Invadosome-Like Protrusions	p. 316
Summary and Perspective	p. 326
References	p. 327
How Endothelial Cells Regulate Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes: Molecules and Mechanisms
Overview	p. 335
Introduction	p. 336
Endothelial Molecules Regulating Transmigration	p. 337
Mechanisms Regulating Transmigration	p. 342
Epilogue: Unanswered Questions	p. 351
References	p. 351
Methods
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in the Studies of Integrin Activation
Overview	p. 360
Fluorescent Biomolecules	p. 360
Fluorescence Techniques	p. 366
Summary	p. 381
References	p. 382
Index	p. 389
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