Liberty and Order

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ISBN: 9780865974173 | 0865974179
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/1/2004

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Liberty and Order is an ambitious anthology of primary source writings: letters, circulars, debate transcriptions, House proceedings, and newspaper articles that document the years during which America's founding generation divided over the sort of country the United States was to become. With this significant collection, the reader receives a deeper understanding of the complex issues, struggles, and personalities that made up the first great party battle and that continue to shape our representative government today.

Preface

xiii

Apprehensions

(42)

The Anti-Federalists

(7)

Letters from the Federal Farmer, No. 7 (31 December 1787)

(3)

``Brutus,'' Essay II (1 November 1787)

(4)

Amendments Recommended by the Several State Conventions

(8)

Amendments Proposed by the Virginia Convention (27 June 1788)

(2)

Ratification of the State of New York (26 July 1788)

(5)

The Circular Letter from the Ratification Convention of the State of New York to the Governors of the Several States in the Union (28 July 1788)

(1)

Federalist Concerns

(3)

James Madison to George Washington, New York (11 August 1788)

(1)

Madison to Washington, New York (24 August 1788)

(1)

James Madison to Thomas Jefferson (21 September 1788)

(1)

Madison to Jefferson (8 December 1788)

(2)

The Bill of Rights

(13)

Proceedings in the House of Representatives (8 June 1789)

(9)

Proceedings in the House of Representatives (13 August 1789)

(4)

Apprehensions Unallayed

(9)

On the Constitutional Amendments

(1)

``Pacificus'' to James Madison, New York Daily Advertiser (14 August 1789)

(1)

Richard Henry Lee and William Grayson to the Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates (28 September 1789)

(1)

William Grayson to Patrick Henry (29 September 1789)

(1)

Popular Instruction of Representatives (15 August 1789)

(2)

Titles

(1)

Proceedings in the House of Representatives (11 May 1789)

(3)

Fisher Ames to George Richards Minot (14 May 1789)

(1)

James Madison to Thomas Jefferson (23 May 1789)

(2)

The Leadership Divides

(96)

Funding and Assumption

(25)

The First Report on Public Credit (14 January 1790)

(4)

Alexander Hamilton

Debates in the House of Representatives on the First Report on Public Credit (9--18 February 1790)

(15)

Memorandum on the Compromise of 1790

(1)

Thomas Jefferson

Opposition Out of Doors

(1)

Benjamin Rush to Madison (27 February 1790)

(1)

Walter Jones to Madison (25 March 1790)

(1)

Henry Lee to Madison (3 April 1790)

(1)

Edward Carrington to Madison (7 April 1790)

(1)

George Lee Turberville to Madison (7 April 1790)

(1)

Benjamin Rush to Madison (10 April 1790)

(1)

Boston Independent Chronicle (12 August 1790)

(1)

Virginia's Remonstrance Against the Assumption of State Debts (16 December 1790)

(2)

The Constitution and the National Bank

(18)

Notes on the Advantages of a National Bank (27 March 1791)

(3)

Alexander Hamilton

James Madison's Speech on the Bank Bill (2 February 1791)

(4)

Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank (15 February 1791)

(3)

Thomas Jefferson

Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank (15 February 1791)

(6)

Alexander Hamilton

James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, On Speculative Excess (Summer 1791)

(2)

Commerce and Manufactures

(14)

Notes on the State of Virginia (1785)

(1)

Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson and Madison on Republican Political Economy

(1)

Thomas Jefferson to G. K. van Hogendorp (13 October 1785)

(1)

James Madison to Thomas Jefferson (19 June 1786)

(1)

James Madison to James Monroe (7 August 1785)

(1)

Speech in the House of Representatives on Commercial Retaliation and Discrimination (25 April 1789)

(1)

James Madison

Congressional Proceedings on Commercial Discrimination (1789)

(1)

James Madison to Thomas Jefferson (30 June 1789)

(1)

Thomas Jefferson to James Madison (28 August 1789)

(1)

Report on the Subject of Manufactures (5 December 1791)

(8)

Alexander Hamilton

The Collision

102

(37)

Essays for the National Gazette (1792)

102

(1)

James Madison

``Consolidation'' (3 December 1791)

102

(1)

``Charters'' (18 January 1792)

103

(1)

``Parties'' (23 January 1792)

104

(1)

``Government of the United States'' (4 February 1792)

104

(1)

``Republican Distribution of Citizens'' (3 March 1792)

105

(1)

``Fashion'' (20 March 1792)

106

(1)

``Property'' (27 March 1792)

107

(1)

Speech in the House of Representatives on the Apportionment Bill (9 April 1792)

108

(2)

William Branch Giles

Letters of Fisher Ames to George Richards Minot (1791--1792)

110

(1)

30 November 1791

110

(1)

8 March 1792

111

(1)

3 May 1792

111

(1)

``Rules for Changing a Limited Republican Government into an Unlimited Hereditary One'' (4 and 7 July 1792)

111

(4)

Philip Freneau

Alexander Hamilton to Edward Carrington (26 May 1792)

115

(5)

An Administration Divided

120

(1)

Memorandum of a Conversation with the President (29 February 1792)

121

(1)

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson to George Washington (23 May 1792)

122

(3)

Memorandum of a Conversation with Washington (10 July 1792)

125

(1)

Thomas Jefferson

Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, Objections and Answers Respecting the Administration of the Government (August 1792)

126

(4)

Alexander Hamilton to George Washington (9 September 1792)

130

(1)

Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, Monticello (9 September 1792)

131

(4)

Memorandum of a Conversation with the President (1 October 1792)

135

(1)

Thomas Jefferson

Memorandum of a Conversation with the President (7 February 1793)

135

(1)

Thomas Jefferson

Further Essays for the National Gazette

136

(1)

James Madison

``Spirit of Governments'' (18 February 1792)

136

(1)

``A Candid State of Parties'' (22 September 1792)

137

(2)

The French Revolution and the People

139

(84)

Neutrality

141

(12)

``An Old French Soldier'' (Philadelphia) General Advertiser (27 August 1793)

141

(1)

``Pacificus,'' No. 1 (29 June 1793)

142

(3)

Alexander Hamilton

``Helvidius,'' No. 1 (24 August 1793)

145

(5)

James Madison

``Helvidius,'' No. 4 (14 September 1793)

150

(3)

James Madison

Commerce and Seizures

153

(16)

Speech in the House of Representatives (13 January 1794)

153

(5)

William Loughton Smith

Speech in the House of Representatives (14 January 1794)

158

(4)

James Madison

``Political Observations'' (20 April 1795)

162

(7)

James Madison

The Popular Societies, the Excise, and the Whiskey Rebellion

169

(19)

The Democratic Society of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) Principles, Articles, and Regulations (30 May 1793)

169

(1)

Condemnations, Defenses, and Society Attacks on the Excise

170

(1)

``A Friend to Good Government,'' New York Daily Gazette (21 February 1794)

170

(1)

``A Friend to Rational Government,'' New York Journal (22 February 1794)

170

(1)

Republican Society of the Town of Newark (New Jersey), Newark Gazette (19 March 1794)

171

(1)

Address of the Democratic Society in Wythe County, Virginia, to the People of the United States, Newark Gazette (18 June 1794)

171

(1)

Republican Society of Newark (9 June 1794)

172

(1)

The Democratic Society of Philadelphia

172

(1)

``For the Columbian Centinel,'' Boston (27 September 1794)

172

(1)

The Rebellion

173

(1)

Letter to General Lee from Alexander Addison

173

(3)

``Self-Created Societies''

176

(1)

Message to the Third Congress (19 November 1794)

176

(3)

George Washington

Proceedings in the House of Representatives on the President's Speech (24--27 November 1794)

179

(6)

James Madison to James Monroe (4 December 1794)

185

(1)

Democratic Society of Pennsylvania (9 October 1794)

186

(2)

Jay's Treaty and Washington's Farewell

188

(35)

``Features of Mr. Jay's Treaty'' (18 July--7 August 1795)

188

(4)

Alexander James Dallas

Antitreaty Memorials

192

(1)

Memorial of the Citizens of Philadelphia (July 1795)

192

(1)

Petition to the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia (12 October 1795)

193

(4)

The ``Camillus'' Essays (22 July 1795--9 January 1796)

197

(1)

Alexander Hamilton

``The Defence, No. 1'' (22 July 1795)

197

(1)

``The Defence, No. 2'' (25 July 1795)

198

(3)

``The Defence, No. 18'' (6 October 1795)

201

(1)

``The Defence, No. 37'' (6 January 1796)

201

(1)

``The Defence, No. 38'' (9 January 1796)

202

(1)

House Debates on Implementing Jay's Treaty (1796)

203

(12)

Washington's Farewell Address (19 September 1796)

215

(8)

Liberty and Order

223

(38)

The Black Cockade Fever

225

(6)

Philadelphia, 1798

225

(1)

Abigail Adams to Her Sister (7 April 1798)

225

(1)

Abigail Adams to Her Sister (22 April 1798)

225

(1)

Abigail Adams to Her Sister (26 April 1798)

225

(1)

Abigail Adams to Her Sister (10 May 1798)

226

(1)

Alexander Hamilton to George Washington (19 May 1798)

226

(1)

Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor (4 June 1798)

227

(1)

Addresses to the President, with His Replies (April--August 1798)

228

(1)

Address of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of Philadelphia to the President of the United States (April 1798)

228

(1)

Address of the Young Men of the City of Philadelphia, the District of Southwark, and the Northern Liberties (May 1798)

229

(1)

Address of the Officers and Soldiers of the Chester Light Infantry Company of Volunteers in the County of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania (25 August 1798)

230

(1)

The Sedition Act (14 July 1798)

231

(1)

Popular Protest

232

(1)

``Advertisement Extraordinary!!!'' (Philadelphia) Aurora (14 July 1798)

232

(1)

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

233

(28)

Draft of the Kentucky Resolutions (October 1798)

233

(3)

Thomas Jefferson

The Virginia Resolutions (21 December 1798)

236

(1)

James Madison

State Replies to the Resolutions

237

(1)

The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations to Virginia (February 1799)

237

(1)

New Hampshire Resolution on the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (15 June 1799)

238

(1)

Congressional Report Defending the Alien and Sedition Laws (21 February 1799)

238

(5)

The Report of 1800

243

(18)

James Madison

The Jeffersonian Ascendancy: Domestic Policy, 1801--1808

261

(44)

The Jeffersonian Program

263

(6)

The First Inaugural Address (4 March 1801)

263

(2)

Thomas Jefferson

First Annual Message (8 December 1801)

265

(4)

Thomas Jefferson

The Jeffersonian Vision

269

(8)

Letters of the President (1799--1802)

269

(1)

To Elbridge Gerry (26 January 1799)

269

(1)

To P.S. Dupont de Nemours (18 January 1802)

270

(1)

``The Danger Not Over'' (5 October 1801)

271

(2)

Edmund Pendleton

``Falkland,'' No. 2 (6 February 1801)

273

(4)

Fisher Ames

Repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801

277

(15)

Congressional Proceedings

277

(11)

Editorials on the Repeal

288

(1)

``A Friend of the Constitution'' [William Cranch], No. 1, Washington Federalist (7 December 1801)

288

(1)

``A Friend of the Constitution'' [William Cranch], No. 5, Washington Federalist (12 December 1801)

289

(2)

``Serious Considerations Addressed to All Serious Federalists,'' No. 3 (Washington), National Intelligencer (1 December 1802)

291

(1)

The Impeachment of Samuel Chase (1804--1805)

292

(8)

Articles of Impeachment (30 November 1804)

292

(1)

Proceedings in the Senate (February 1805)

293

(1)

Address of John Randolph (9 February 1805)

293

(1)

The Testimony

294

(6)

Report on Internal Improvements (4 April 1808)

300

(5)

Albert Gallatin

Jeffersonian Foreign Policy

305

(40)

The Louisiana Purchase

307

(14)

Thomas Jefferson to Robert R. Livingston (18 April 1802)

307

(2)

Thomas Jefferson to John C. Breckinridge (12 August 1803)

309

(1)

Thomas Jefferson to Wilson Cary Nicholas (7 September 1803)

310

(1)

``Purchase of Louisiana,'' New York Evening Post (5 July 1803)

310

(3)

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist Alarm

313

(1)

Rufus King to Timothy Pickering (?) (4 November 1803)

313

(1)

Timothy Pickering to Rufus King (3 March 1804)

313

(1)

Timothy Pickering to Rufus King (4 March 1804)

313

(2)

A Republican Response

315

(1)

``Desultory Reflections on the Aspect of Politics in Relation to the Western People,'' by ``Phocion'' (Essay #1), Kentucky Gazette and General Advertiser (27 September 1803)

315

(1)

Senate Debates on the Louisiana Purchase (2--3 November 1803)

316

(5)

The Embargo

321

(4)

An Act Laying an Embargo on All Ships and Vessels in the Ports and Harbors of the United States (22 December 1807)

321

(1)

Editorials on the Embargo

321

(1)

``Embargo,'' National Intelligencer (23 December 1807)

321

(2)

Alarming Information: A Letter from the Hon. Timothy Pickering, a Senator of the United States from the State of Massachusetts, exhibiting to his constituents, a view of the imminent danger of an unnecessary and ruinous war, addressed to His Excellency James Sullivan, Governor of said State, Connecticut Courant (23 March 1808)

323

(2)

Resistance, Enforcement, and Repeal

325

(6)

Albert Gallatin to Jefferson (18 December 1807)

326

(1)

Jefferson to Jacob Crowninshield, Secretary of the Navy (16 July 1808)

326

(1)

Gallatin to Jefferson (29 July 1808)

326

(1)

Jefferson to Henry Dearborn, Secretary of War (9 August 1808)

327

(1)

Elisha Tracy (of Norwich, Conn.) to Jefferson (15 September 1808)

327

(1)

Jefferson to Mr. Letue (8 November 1808)

327

(1)

Resolutions of the Connecticut General Assembly (23 February 1809)

327

(1)

John Adams to Benjamin Rush (27 September 1808)

328

(1)

John Adams to J. B. Varnum (26 December 1808)

329

(2)

The War of 1812

331

(14)

Madison's War Message (2 June 1812)

331

(3)

Speech Opposing the War (24 June 1812)

334

(4)

Samuel Taggart

Speech Supporting the War (9 January 1813)

338

(4)

Henry Clay

Report and Resolutions of the Hartford Convention (4 January 1815)

342

(3)

The End of an Era

345

(12)

Madison's Seventh Annual Message (5 December 1815)

347

(3)

Madison's Veto of the Internal Improvements Bill (3 March 1817)

350

(2)

In Retrospect

352

(5)

The Adams-Jefferson Correspondence

352

(1)

John Adams to Thomas Jefferson (13 July 1813)

352

(1)

Adams to Jefferson (30 June 1813)

353

(1)

Adams to Jefferson (13 November 1815)

353

(1)

Jefferson to Adams (11 January 1816)

353

(1)

Thomas Jefferson to Justice William Johnson (12 June 1823)

354

(1)

Republican Farewells

355

(1)

Jefferson to Madison (17 February 1826)

355

(1)

Madison to Jefferson (24 February 1826)

355

(2)

Bibliography

357

(2)

Index

359

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Liberty and Order

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials