The Limits of Policy Change: Incrementalism,

A vigorous defense of incrementalism: the theory that the policymaking process typically should involve bargaining, delay, compromise, and therefore, incremental change.

Figures

vii

Preface

ix

Needed: A Realistic Theory of Policy Change

1

(6)

Two Incrementalism and Worldview: The Virtues of Systemic Rationality

7

(18)

The Two Worldviews

8

(3)

Worldviews and the Proper Role of Government

11

(1)

The Rationalist Attitude toward Power

12

(3)

The Anti-Rationalist Attitude toward Power

15

(2)

The Superiority of the Congressional Majority

17

(3)

The Virtues of Systemic Rationality

20

(5)

Incrementalism as Meliorative Liberalism

25

(26)

Meliorative Liberalism versus Classical Liberalism

26

(2)

A Typology of Worldviews

28

(8)

Karl Popper on Piecemeal Social Change

36

(3)

The Meliorative Liberalism of Charles Lindblom

39

(3)

The Virtues of Incrementalism

42

(1)

Making Incrementalism Work Better

43

(8)

The Unequal Group Struggle

51

(21)

Three Biases to the Group Universe

52

(2)

Unequal Resources and the Balance of Forces

54

(2)

Corporations as a Special Case: The Market as Prison

56

(1)

Sources of Business Power

57

(3)

Effective Influence

60

(2)

A Typology of Policy Processes

62

(5)

Inequality and Incrementalism

67

(5)

Dramaturgical Incrementalism

72

(27)

Majority-Building Incrementalism

73

(3)

Air Pollution Policy Prior to 1970

76

(2)

The Public-Satisfying Model

78

(4)

The Nuclear Freeze as a Test Case of Jones's Model

82

(3)

The Nuclear Freeze as Dramaturgical Incrementalism

85

(5)

The Clean Air Case as Dramaturgical Incrementalism

90

(4)

Public Arousal and Policy Change

94

(5)

Health Care Reform Fails in 1993-94: A Barrier II Nondecision

99

(24)

Presidential Leadership and the Need for Majority Building

100

(2)

Issue Area Characteristics: An Anxious Public

102

(2)

Issue Area Characteristics: Multidimensional Complexity

104

(3)

Institutions: Policy Communities and Policy Development

107

(4)

Decision Making: The Necessity for Majority Building

111

(3)

Final Outcome as a Barrier II Nondecision

114

(1)

Anatomy of a Nondecision

115

(8)

Welfare Reform, 1995-96: Self-Regulation as Calculated Risk

123

(25)

The Life Cycle of Issues

125

(2)

Rationality within the Policy Community

127

(7)

Welfare Reform as Calculated Risk

134

(4)

Conflictual Expectations and Welfare Policy

138

(4)

Who Bears the Risk?

142

(6)

Political Conflict and Policy Change

148

(24)

The Case for Incrementalism

150

(4)

The Limited Vision of Meliorative Liberalism

154

(5)

Systemic Rationality and the Interplay of Worldviews

159

(2)

Improving Incrementalism: Adaptive Conservative Reforms

161

(11)

Incrementalism under the Rule of Law

172

(24)

Incrementalism and Institutional Sclerosis

173

(1)

The Rule of Law Defined

174

(7)

The Rule of Law and the Powerless

181

(5)

Restoring the Rule of Law

186

(10)

Index

196

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The Limits of Policy Change: Incrementalism, Worldview, and the Rule of Law

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The Limits of Policy Change: Incrementalism, Worldview, and the Rule of Law

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