Linux Debugging and Performance Tuning Tips and Techniques

, by Best, Steve

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ISBN: 9780131492479 | 0131492470
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/10/2005

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Summary

Author Biography

Supplemental Materials

A unique resource that shows Linux kernel AND Linux application programmers how to write bug-free code that's optimized for performance.

Foreword

Acknowledgments

xvii

About the Author

xix

Introduction

xxi

Profiling

(36)

stopwatch

(1)

date

(1)

time

(1)

clock

(5)

gettimeofday

(2)

Performance Tuning Using GNU gprof

(2)

gcc Option Needed for gprof

(16)

Building the sample1 Program and Using gprof

(15)

kprof

(4)

Installation

(1)

Building Graphviz, the Graph Feature

(3)

Summary

(1)

Web Resources for Profiling

(1)

Code Coverage

(16)

What Is Code Coverage Analysis?

(1)

gcov Can't Find Logic Errors

(1)

Types of Code Coverage

(1)

gcc Options Needed for gcov

(11)

Summary

(1)

Web Resource for gcov

(1)

GNU Debugger (gdb)

(28)

Installing gdb

(1)

gdb Commands

(3)

Some Useful gdb Commands

(2)

Compiling a Program That Is to Be Debugged with gdb

(1)

A Typical gdb Session

(3)

Invoking the gdb Debugger

(3)

Debugging Using a Core File

(1)

Running the Program and Getting the Core Dump

(1)

Graphical gdb Interfaces

(1)

Data Display Debugger

(4)

ddd Features

(1)

Installing ddd

(1)

ddd Ways to View a Program

(3)

Insight

(7)

Insight Features

(1)

Installing Insight

(6)

Debugging Symbols Increase the Executable's Size

(1)

Debugging Techniques

(2)

Summary

(1)

Web Resources for GNU Debugger

(1)

Memory Management Debugging

(30)

Dynamic Memory Functions

(2)

MEMWATCH

(2)

YAMD

(7)

Electric Fence

(4)

Valgrind

(12)

Installing Valgrind

(3)

Losing Your Memory

101

(5)

Cache Profiling

106

(3)

Some Limitations of Valgrind

109

(1)

Summary

109

(1)

Web Resources for Memory Checkers

109

(2)

System Information (/proc)

111

(40)

What Is /proc?

112

(1)

Ways an Administrator Can Use /proc

113

(1)

A Map of /proc

114

(34)

Process-Specific Subdirectories

114

(34)

Summary

148

(1)

Web Resources for /proc

149

(2)

System Tools

151

(36)

Processes

152

(1)

Task States

153

(1)

Tools for Working with Processes

154

(16)

ps Reports the Process Status

154

(14)

pgrep Lists the Process IDs That Match the Input Criteria

168

(1)

pstree Displays a Tree of Processes

169

(1)

top Displays Tasks

170

(1)

strace Traces System Calls

170

(4)

The Magic Key Sequence Gets a Back Trace

174

(2)

Isof Lists Open Files

176

(2)

Network Debugging Tools

178

(6)

ifconfig Configures the Network Interface

178

(1)

arp Manipulates the System's ARP Cache

179

(1)

tcpdump Dumps Traffic on a Network

179

(1)

ethereal Interactively Browses Network Traffic

180

(1)

netstat Shows the Network Status

180

(4)

Summary

184

(1)

Web Resources for Systems Tools

185

(2)

System Error Messages

187

(24)

Kernel Files

188

(2)

Typical Distribution /boot Layout of the Kernel Files

188

(2)

Oops Analysis

190

(3)

Building the Kernel

193

(3)

Processing the Oops Using ksymoops

196

(3)

Using gdb to Display jfs_mount

199

(1)

The gcc -S Option Generates Assembly Code

199

(1)

Assembler Output Generated by GNU C

200

(1)

Kernel Mailing List Oops

200

(8)

An Oops in the 3c59x Network Driver 2.4.7ac11

200

(4)

A Linux-2.5.1-pre5 Oops

204

(4)

perror Describes a System or MySQL Error Code

208

(1)

Summary

209

(1)

Web Resources for Oops

209

(2)

Event Logging

211

(22)

Error Logging Subsystem for syslogd

213

(13)

syslogd Key Options

213

(1)

Remote Logging

214

(1)

syslog.conf

214

(3)

Changing syslogd Messages

217

(1)

klogd

217

(1)

Logger Command

218

(1)

Provide Sufficient Disk Space

219

(2)

Log File Management

221

(1)

Debugging Using Syslog Messages

222

(4)

Error Logging Subsystem for Event Logging

226

(4)

Event Logging Interfaces

227

(1)

Benefits of Event-Type Logging

227

(1)

Log Management

228

(1)

Different Types of Event Log Records

228

(1)

Managing the Event Log

228

(1)

Event Logging Utilities

228

(1)

Remote Logging

229

(1)

Setting up the Event Consolidator

230

(2)

Forwarding Syslog Messages to the Event Log

231

(1)

evlog Packages

231

(1)

Summary

232

(1)

Credits

232

(1)

Web Resource for Event Logging

232

(1)

Linux Trace Toolkit

233

(28)

Architecture Component Tasks

235

(1)

Package and Installation

236

(4)

Building the Kernel

240

(2)

Building LTT User-Level Tools

242

(1)

Data Acquisition

243

(1)

Recording the Data

244

(1)

Stopping Data Recording

244

(1)

Ways to Analyze Tracing Processes

245

(3)

Data Interpretation

248

(5)

tracevisualizer

248

(5)

Tracing Example for Tarring a Subdirectory

253

(3)

Data Reviewing Text Tools

256

(3)

tracedcore filename

256

(1)

traceanalyze filename

257

(1)

tracedump filename

258

(1)

Summary

259

(1)

Credits

259

(1)

Web Resource for the Linux Trace Toolkit

259

(2)

oprofile: a Profiler Supported by the Kernel

261

(30)

Instrumentation

262

(1)

Sampling

263

(1)

oprofile: a System-Wide Profiler

263

(4)

Building the Kernel

264

(3)

Utilities for oprofile

267

(1)

General Profile Steps

268

(4)

Examining a Single Executable's Profile

272

(4)

Report Examples

276

(1)

System-Wide Binary Image Summary

276

(1)

System-Wide Symbol Summary, Including Per-Application Libraries

276

(1)

Saving Profiling Data

277

(1)

Hardware Counters

277

(10)

Minimizing Cache Misses

278

(1)

Padding and Aligning Structures

279

(1)

Packing

280

(1)

Loop Grouping

280

(1)

Blocking

281

(6)

The Prospect Profiler

287

(1)

Summary

288

(1)

Web Resources for Profiling

289

(2)

User-Mode Linux

291

(24)

UML: Introduction to the Kernel and Root File System

293

(3)

Patching and Building the Kernel

296

(7)

UML Kernel Options

297

(6)

Building the Kernel

303

(1)

Root Image

304

(1)

File Systems

305

(2)

Swap Partition

306

(1)

Setting up a gdb Session

306

(1)

Booting UML

307

(1)

A Typical gdb Session

307

(1)

GDB Thread Analysis

308

(2)

Tips

310

(2)

Consoles and Serial Lines

310

(1)

UML Networking Support

310

(1)

Root Image

311

(1)

Adding File Systems

311

(1)

Shutting Down

312

(1)

UML Utilities

312

(1)

Summary

313

(1)

Credits

314

(1)

Web Resources for User-Mode Linux

314

(1)

Dynamic Probes

315

(18)

Unique Aspects of Dynamic Probes

318

(1)

General Steps for Using Probes

318

(1)

Kprobes: Kernel Dynamic Probes

319

(5)

Building the Kernel

320

(1)

Kprobe Interfaces

321

(1)

Registering and Unregistering Kprobes

322

(2)

Probe Example for sys_open

324

(2)

Makefile for a Basic Kernel Module

326

(2)

Finding Kprobes That Are Active on the System

328

(1)

Finding an Offset in sys_open

328

(1)

Jumper Probes

329

(1)

Uses of Kprobes

330

(1)

Successful Employment of Dprobes

331

(1)

Summary

331

(1)

Credits

331

(1)

Web Resource for Dynamic Probes

331

(2)

Kernel-Level Debuggers (kgdb and kdb)

333

(38)

kgdb

335

(13)

kgdb Kernel Patching

336

(5)

Checking the Null Modem Serial Cable Setup

341

(2)

A Typical gdb Session

343

(1)

Using kgdb to Stop and View the Kernel Source

344

(3)

gdb Thread Analysis

347

(1)

kdb

348

(20)

kdb Kernel Patching

348

(2)

Building the Kernel

350

(2)

kdb Activation

352

(1)

kdb Commands

353

(1)

kdb Debug Sessions

354

(14)

Summary

368

(1)

Credits

369

(1)

Web Resources for kgdb and kdb

369

(2)

Crash Dump

371

(42)

Kernel Configuration

374

(2)

Crash Dump Kernel Options

374

(2)

Patching and Building the Kernel

376

(3)

Building the Kernel

377

(2)

General Crash Dump Steps

379

(6)

LKCD Commands

385

(1)

System Panic and Crash Dump Taken

386

(5)

Netdump: The Network Crash Dump Facility from Both the Client and Server

391

(1)

Server

391

(1)

Client

391

(1)

diskdump: a Crash Dump Facility

392

(1)

General Steps to Configure diskdump

393

(1)

Viewing an mcore Crash Dump

393

(17)

Summary

410

(1)

Credits

411

(1)

Web Resources for Crash Dump

411

(2)

Index

413

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Linux Debugging and Performance Tuning Tips and Techniques

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials