- ISBN: 9780312593469 | 0312593465
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 1/11/2011
Consistently praised as the best book of its kind,Listenuses readable, enjoyable prose and the highest quality recordings to introduce students to the art of focused listening. Captivating discussions and concise "Listening Charts" guide students through important musical works and cultivate listening skills. With informative images, useful historical and cultural background, and interesting biographical information, the text continues to offer students the best preparation to appreciate the styles and traditions of Western music. The seventh edition ofListenis more accessible than ever before with new, more teachable listening examples and a more focused and streamlined introduction to music fundamentals. An expanded range of formats for the text and recordings -- including a new, affordable streaming music option and a new, all-inclusive e-book -- gives you more flexible choices and more ways to listen.
JOSEPH KERMAN, Professor Emeritus at the University of California at Berkeley, and GARY TOMLINSON, University of Pennsylvania, are leading musicologists and music educators. Between them, their course offerings encompass harmony and ear training, opera, world music, interdisciplinary studies, seminars in music history and criticism, and—many times—Introduction to Music for non-major students. Kerman's books include Opera as Drama (second edition, 1988), Contemplating Music (1985), The Art of the Fugue (2005), and studies of Beethoven and William Byrd. His lectures as Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry at Harvard in 1997-1998 were published as Concerto Conversations (1999). Tomlinson, a former MacArthur Fellow, is the author of Monteverdi and the End of the Renaissance (1987), Music in Renaissance Magic (1993), Metaphysical Song: An Essay on Opera (1999), and The Singing of the New World (2006). He has also published on jazz and music historiography.
*New to this edition Preface: To the Instructor
Introduction: To the Student UNIT I Fundamentals PRELUDE A Musical Thunderstorm by Richard Wagner
LISTENING CHART 1 Wagner, Prelude to The Valkyrie *CHAPTER 1 Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo1 Rhythm
Beat and Accent
2 Meter
Rhythm and Meter
Syncopation
LISTENING EXERCISE 1 Rhythm, Meter, and Syncopation
3 Tempo
LISTENING EXERCISE 2 Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo *CHAPTER 2 Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color
1 Pitch
2 Dynamics
LISTENING EXERCISE 3 Pitch and Dynamics3 Tone Color
INTERLUDE Musical Instruments
Stringed Instruments
Woodwind Instruments
Brass Instruments
Percussion Instruments
The Orchestra
*LISTENING EXERCISE 4 The Orchestra in Action
Keyboard Instruments
Plucked String Instruments *CHAPTER 3 Scales and Melody
1 Scales
The Octave
The Diatonic Scale
The Chromatic Scale
Half Steps and Whole Steps
2 Melody
Tunes
BOX Characteristics of Tunes
LISTENING EXERCISE 5 Melody and Tune
Motives and Themes *CHAPTER 4 Harmony, Texture, Tonality, and Mode
1 Harmony
Consonance and Dissonance
2 Texture
Monophony
Homophony and Polyphony
Imitation
LISTENING EXERCISE 6 Texture
3 Tonality and Mode
Tonality
Major and Minor Modes
Keys
Hearing the Major and Minor Modes
Hearing Keys and Modulation
LISTENING EXERCISE 7 Mode and Key CHAPTER 5 Musical Form and Musical Style
1 Form in Music
Form and Feeling
Form and Forms
LISTENING EXERCISE 8 Musical Form
Musical Genres
2 Musical Style
Musical Style and Lifestyle
LISTENING CHART 2 Britten, The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra UNIT II Early Music: An Overview CHAPTER 6 The Middle Ages
1 Music and the Church: Plainchant
Music and Church Services: Liturgy
BOX Music and the Virgin Mary
Plainchant
Characteristics of Plainchant
Gregorian Recitation and Gregorian Melody
ANONYMOUS, Plainchant antiphon, “In paradisum”
HILDEGARD OF BINGEN, Plainchant sequence, “Columba aspexit”
2 Music at Court
Troubadour and Trouvère Songs
BERNART DE VENTADORN, Troubadour song, “La dousa votz”
BOX How Did Early Music Sound?
The Estampie
3 The Evolution of Polyphony
Organum
PÉROTIN, Organum, “Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia”
4 Later Medieval Polyphony
*ROUND, “Sumer Is Icumen In, Lhude Sing Cuccu!”
Ars Nova
*GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT, Chanson, “Dame, de qui toute ma joie vient”
Global Perspectives 1 Sacred Chant
Qur'anic recitation, “Ya Sin”
Hawai'ian chant
Navajo song, “K_adnikini_ya_”
CHAPTER 7 The Renaissance
1 New Attitudes
Early Homophony
Guillaume Dufay
GUILLAUME DUFAY, Harmonized hymn, “Ave maris stella”
The Mass
2 The High Renaissance Style
Imitation
Homophony
Other Characteristics
Josquin Desprez
JOSQUIN DESPREZ, Pange lingua Mass Kyrie and fom the Gloria
3 Music as Expression
JOSQUIN DESPREZ, Chanson, “Mille regrets”
4 Late Renaissance Music
GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA, Pope Marcellus Mass from the Gloria
The Motet
The Italian Madrigal
The English Madrigal
THOMAS WEELKES, Madrigal, “As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending”
5 Instrumental Music: Early Developments
Renaissance Dances
ANONYMOUS, Galliard, “Daphne”
ANONYMOUS, “Kemp's Jig”
Global Perspectives 2 Music and Early European Colonialism
Hymn from the Andes, “Hanaq pachap kusikuynin”
CHAPTER 8 The Early Baroque Period
1 From Renaissance to Baroque
Music in Venice
Extravagance and Control
GIOVANNI GABRIELI, Motet, “O magnum mysterium”
2 Style Features of Early Baroque Music
Rhythm and Meter
Texture: Basso Continuo
Functional Harmony
3 Opera
Recitative
Aria
Claudio Monteverdi
CLAUDIO MONTEVERDI, The Coronation of Poppea from Act I, Recitative “Tornerai?” and Aria “Speranza tu mi vai”
BOX Singing Italian
Henry Purcell
HENRY PURCELL, Dido and Aeneas
Act III, final scene, Recitative “Thy Hand, Belinda!” Aria “When I am laid,” and Chorus “With drooping wings”
4 The Rise of Instrumental Music
Girolamo Frescobaldi
GIROLAMO FRESCOBALDI, Suite (Canzone, Balletto, Corrente, and Passacaglia)
Global Perspectives 3 Ostinato Forms
Gambian song, “Laminba”
Pygmy polyphony, Elephant-hunt song UNIT III The Eighteenth Century CHAPTER 9 Prelude: The Late Baroque Period
1 Absolutism and the Age of Science
Art and Absolutism
The Music of Absolutism
Art and Theatricality
Science and the Arts
Science and Music
2 Musical Life in the Early Eighteenth Century
3 Style Features of Late Baroque Music
Rhythm
Dynamics
Tone Color
The Baroque Orchestra
Melody
Ornamentation
Texture
The Continuo
Musical Form
4 The Emotional World of Baroque Music CHAPTER 10 Baroque Instrumental Music
1 Concerto and Concerto Grosso
Movements
Ritornello Form
ANTONIO VIVALDI, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, Op. 4, No. 12
LISTENING CHART 3 Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, first movement
Biography: Antonio Vivaldi
Baroque Variation Form: The Ground Bass
ANTONIO VIVALDI, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, second movement
LISTENING CHART 4 Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, second movement
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, for Flute, Violin, Harpsichord, and Orchestra
LISTENING CHART 5 Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement
Biography: Johann Sebastian Bach
2 Fugue
Fugal Exposition
*JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1, Prelude and Fugue in C Major
*LISTENING CHART 6 Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1, Prelude and Fugue in C Major
*BOX Glenn Gould
*3 Baroque Dances
The Dance Suite
Baroque Dance Form
*Biography: Jean-Philippe Rameau
*JEAN-PHILIPPE RAMEAU, Menuet and Tambourin from Castor et Pollux, Prologue
*GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL, Minuet from The Royal Fireworks Music
*JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, Gigue from Cello Suite No. 2 in D Minor CHAPTER 11 Baroque Vocal Music
Words and Music
1 Opera
Italian Opera Seria
Recitative
Aria
BOX The Castrato
GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL, Julius Caesar (Giulio Cesare in Egitto)
Aria “La giustizia”
2 Oratorio
Biography: George Frideric Handel
GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL, Messiah
Recitative, “There were shepherds,” Chorus “Glory to God,” and Hallelujah Chorus
BOX Women in Music
3 The Church Cantata
The Lutheran Chorale
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, Cantata No. 4, “Christ lag in Todesbanden” (“Christ Lay in Death's Dark Prison”)
4 The Organ Chorale CHAPTER 12 Prelude: Music and the Enlightenment
1 The Enlightenment and Music
“The Pursuit of Happiness”
Art and Entertainment
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Opera
The Novel
2 The Rise of Concerts
3 Style Features of Classical Music
Rhythm
Dynamics
Tone Color: The Classical Orchestra
Melody: Tunes
Texture: Homophony
Classical Counterpoint
4 Form in Classical Music
Repetitions and Cadences
Classical Forms CHAPTER 13 The Symphony1 The Movements of the Symphony2 Sonata Form
Exposition (A)
Development (B)
Recapitulation (A')
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550
LISTENING CHART 7 Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, first movement
Biography: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
3 Classical Variation Form
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, first and second movements
LISTENING CHART 8 Haydn, Symphony No. 95, second movement (Andante cantabile)
4 Minuet Form (Classical Dance Form)
Biography: Franz Joseph Haydn
Baroque and Classical Dance Form
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, third movement (Menuetto)
LISTENING CHART 9 Haydn, Symphony No. 95, third movement (Menuetto)
5 Rondo Form
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, fourth movement (Finale. Vivace)
LISTENING CHART 10 Haydn, Symphony No. 95, fourth movement (Finale. Vivace) CHAPTER 14 Other Classical Genres
1 The Sonata
FRANCESCA LEBRUN, Sonata in F, Op. 1, No. 3, second movement
2 The Classical Concerto
Double-Exposition Form
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART, Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, K. 488
LISTENING CHART 11 Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, K. 488, first movement
3 The String Quartet Chamber Music4 Opera Buffa
The Ensemble
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART, Don Giovanni
From Act I, scene iii, Aria “Ho capito,” Recitative “Alfin siam liberati,” and Duet “Là ci darem la mano”
Global Perspectives 4 Musical Form: Two Case Studies from Asia
Japanese gagaku, Etenraku
Balinese gamelan, Bopong UNIT IV The Nineteenth Century CHAPTER 15 Beethoven
1 Between Classicism and Romanticism
The French Revolution2 Beethoven and the Symphony
Biography: Ludwig van Beethoven LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67
LISTENING CHART 12 Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, first movement
LISTENING CHART 13 Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, complete work
3 Beethoven's “Third Period”
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN, String Quartet in F, Op. 135, second movement (Vivace)
CHAPTER 16 Prelude: Music after Beethoven: Romanticism
1 Romanticism
The Cult of Individual Feeling
Romanticism and Revolt
Artistic Barriers
Music and the Supernatural Music and the Other Arts
2 Concert Life in the Nineteenth Century
The Artist and the Public
3 Style Features of Romantic Music
Rhythm: Rubato
Romantic Melody
Romantic Harmony
The Expansion of Tone Color
4 Program Music
5 Form in Romantic Music
Miniature Compositions
Grandiose Compositions
The Principle of Thematic Unity CHAPTER 17 The Early Romantics1 The Lied
FRANZ SCHUBERT, “Erlkönig” (“The Erlking”)
Biography: Franz Schubert
The Song Cycle
ROBERT SCHUMANN, Dichterliebe (A Poet's Love)
“Im wunderschönen Monat Mai” and “Die alten, bösen Lieder”
Biography: Robert Schumann
Biography: Clara Wieck (Clara Schumann)
CLARA SCHUMANN, “Der Mond kommt still gegangen” (“The moon has risen softly”)2 The Character Piece for Piano
FRANZ SCHUBERT, Moment Musical No. 2 in A-flat
ROBERT SCHUMANN, Carnaval
“Eusebius,” “Florestan,” and “Chiarina”
FREDERIC CHOPIN, Nocturne in F-Sharp, Op. 15, No. 2
Biography: Frédéric Chopin
Biography: Franz Liszt
3 Early Romantic Program Music
The Concert Overture: Felix Mendelssohn
Biography: Felix Mendelssohn
Biography: Fanny Mendelssohn
The Program Symphony: Hector Berlioz
HECTOR BERLIOZ, Fantastic Symphony: Episodes in the Life of an Artist
Biography: Hector Berlioz
LISTENING CHART 14 Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony, fifth movement CHAPTER 18 Romantic Opera
BOX Early Romantic Opera
1 Verdi and Italian Opera
Biography: Giuseppe Verdi
Recitative and Aria: The Orchestra
*GIUSEPPE VERDI, Rigoletto
From Act III, scene i, Aria “La donna è mobile” and Quartet “Bella figlia dell'amore” (Allegro)
2 Wagner and Music Drama
Biography: Richard Wagner
The Total Work of Art
BOX Wagner's Tristan and Isolde
Leitmotivs
RICHARD WAGNER, The Nibelung's Ring
The Valkyrie, Act I, scene i
*3 Late Romantic Opera
*Giacomo Puccini
*GIACOMO PUCCINI, Madame Butterfly
From Act II, Aria “Un bel dì” CHAPTER 19 The Late Romantics
Romanticism and Realism
1 Late Romantic Program Music
PYOTR ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
Biography: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
LISTENING CHART 15 Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
2 Nationalism
Exoticism
The Russian Kuchka
MODEST MUSORGSKY, Pictures at an Exhibition
Biography: Modest Musorgsky
BOX Other Nationalists
3 Responses to Romanticism
The Renewal of Classicism: Brahms
Biography: Johannes Brahms
JOHANNES BRAHMS, Violin Concerto in D, Op. 77
LISTENING CHART 16 Brahms, Violin Concerto, third movement
Romantic Nostalgia: Mahler
Biography: Gustav Mahler
GUSTAV MAHLER, Symphony No. 1
LISTENING CHART 17 Mahler, Symphony No. 1, third movement, Funeral March
Global Perspectives 5 Musical Drama Worldwide
Japanese Kabuki, Dojoji
Beijing opera, The Prince Who Changed into a Cat UNIT V The Twentieth Century and Beyond CHAPTER 20 Prelude: Music and Modernism
1 Progress and Uncertainty2 The Response of Modernism3 Literature and Art before World War I
Impressionists and Symbolists
Expressionists and Fauves
4 Modernist Music before World War I
Experiment and Transformation: Melody
New Horizons, New Scales
“The Emancipation of Dissonance” CHAPTER 21 The Twentieth Century: Early Modernism
1 Debussy and Impressionism
CLAUDE DEBUSSY, Three Nocturnes
LISTENING CHART 18 Debussy, Clouds
Biography: Claude Debussy
2 Stravinsky: The Primacy of Rhythm
IGOR STRAVINSKY, The Rite of Spring: Part I, “The Adoration of the Earth”
LISTENING CHART 19 Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, from Part I
Biography: Igor Stravinsky
3 Expressionism
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG, Pierrot lunaire
No. 8: “Night” and No. 18: “The Moonfleck”
Biography: Arnold Schoenberg
ALBAN BERG, Wozzeck
Act III, scenes iii and iv
BOX Schoenberg and Serialism
4 Modernism in America: Ives
Biography: Charles Ives
CHARLES IVES, Second Orchestral Set, second movement: “The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People's Outdoor Meeting”
LISTENING CHART 20 Ives, “The Rockstrewn Hills”
CHARLES IVES, The Unanswered Question CHATPER 22 Alternatives to Modernism
Twentieth-Century Traditionalism
1 Maurice Ravel
Biography: Maurice Ravel
MAURICE RAVEL, Piano Concerto in G
LISTENING CHART 21 Ravel, Piano Concerto in G, first movement
2 Béla Bartók
Biography: Béla Bartók
BÉLA BARTÓK, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta
LISTENING CHART 22 Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, second movement (Allegro)
3 Aaron Copland
Music for Americans
AARON COPLAND, Appalachian Spring (excerpts)
Biography: Aaron Copland
4 The Rise of Film Music
Composers for Film: Prokofiev
BOX Music and Totalitarianism
SERGEI PROKOFIEV, Alexander Nevsky
LISTENING CHART 23 Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky Cantata, 5, “The Battle on Ice”
Biography: Sergei Prokofiev
CHAPTER 23 The Late Twentieth Century
1 Modernism in Music: The Second Phase
New Sound Materials
Electronic Music
On the Boundaries of Time
ANTON WEBERN, Five Orchestral Pieces, IV
Chance Music
2 The Postwar Avant-Garde
György Ligeti
GYÖRGY LIGETI, Lux aeterna
LISTENING CHART 24 Ligeti, Lux aeterna
Edgard Varèse
BOX Modernist Music and Architecture
EDGARD VARÈSE, Poème électronique
John Cage
JOHN CAGE, 4'33”
3 Music at the End of the Millennium
Minimalism
STEVE REICH, Music for 18 Musicians
LISTENING CHART 25 Reich, Music for 18 Musicians, beginning
A New Expressionism
KAIJA SAARIAHO, From the Grammar of Dreams
Back to the Future
JOHN ADAMS, El Niño
“Pues mi Dios ha nacido a penar,” “When Herod heard,” and “Woe unto Them That Call Evil Good” CHAPTER 24 Music in America: Jazz and Beyond
1 Early American Music: An Overview
The Cultivated Tradition
Music in the Vernacular
African American Music
2 Jazz: The First Fifty Years
The Blues
SIPPIE WALLACE, “If You Ever Been Down” Blues (Composed by G. W. Thomas)
BOX Ragtime: Scott Joplin
New Orleans Jazz
Biography: Louis Armstrong
Big Band Jazz: Swing
DUKE ELLINGTON, “Conga Brava”
Biography: Duke Ellington
*Popular Song
3 Later Jazz
Bebop
CHARLIE PARKER and MILES DAVIS, “Out of Nowhere”
Jazz after Bebop
MILES DAVIS, Bitches Brew
Global Perspectives 6 African Drumming
Yoruba drumming, “Ako”
4 Jazz in the Concert Hall
GEORGE GERSHWIN, Prelude No. 1
BOX The American Musical
LEONARD BERNSTEIN, West Side Story
Dance at the Gym: Meeting Scene and “Cool”
BOX The Later Musical
5 Rock
Early Rock 'n' Roll
The 1960s: Rock Comes of Age
Motown, Soul, and Funk
The British Invasion
American Counteroffensives
After the 1960s
Trends 1980-2000: Punk, Rap, and Post-Rock
Global Perspectives 7 Global Music
South African choral song, “Anoku Gonda”
6 Conclusion Appendix A Timelines
*Appendix B Musical Notation Glossary of Musical Terms
Index
Introduction: To the Student UNIT I Fundamentals PRELUDE A Musical Thunderstorm by Richard Wagner
LISTENING CHART 1 Wagner, Prelude to The Valkyrie *CHAPTER 1 Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo1 Rhythm
Beat and Accent
2 Meter
Rhythm and Meter
Syncopation
LISTENING EXERCISE 1 Rhythm, Meter, and Syncopation
3 Tempo
LISTENING EXERCISE 2 Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo *CHAPTER 2 Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color
1 Pitch
2 Dynamics
LISTENING EXERCISE 3 Pitch and Dynamics3 Tone Color
INTERLUDE Musical Instruments
Stringed Instruments
Woodwind Instruments
Brass Instruments
Percussion Instruments
The Orchestra
*LISTENING EXERCISE 4 The Orchestra in Action
Keyboard Instruments
Plucked String Instruments *CHAPTER 3 Scales and Melody
1 Scales
The Octave
The Diatonic Scale
The Chromatic Scale
Half Steps and Whole Steps
2 Melody
Tunes
BOX Characteristics of Tunes
LISTENING EXERCISE 5 Melody and Tune
Motives and Themes *CHAPTER 4 Harmony, Texture, Tonality, and Mode
1 Harmony
Consonance and Dissonance
2 Texture
Monophony
Homophony and Polyphony
Imitation
LISTENING EXERCISE 6 Texture
3 Tonality and Mode
Tonality
Major and Minor Modes
Keys
Hearing the Major and Minor Modes
Hearing Keys and Modulation
LISTENING EXERCISE 7 Mode and Key CHAPTER 5 Musical Form and Musical Style
1 Form in Music
Form and Feeling
Form and Forms
LISTENING EXERCISE 8 Musical Form
Musical Genres
2 Musical Style
Musical Style and Lifestyle
LISTENING CHART 2 Britten, The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra UNIT II Early Music: An Overview CHAPTER 6 The Middle Ages
1 Music and the Church: Plainchant
Music and Church Services: Liturgy
BOX Music and the Virgin Mary
Plainchant
Characteristics of Plainchant
Gregorian Recitation and Gregorian Melody
ANONYMOUS, Plainchant antiphon, “In paradisum”
HILDEGARD OF BINGEN, Plainchant sequence, “Columba aspexit”
2 Music at Court
Troubadour and Trouvère Songs
BERNART DE VENTADORN, Troubadour song, “La dousa votz”
BOX How Did Early Music Sound?
The Estampie
3 The Evolution of Polyphony
Organum
PÉROTIN, Organum, “Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia”
4 Later Medieval Polyphony
*ROUND, “Sumer Is Icumen In, Lhude Sing Cuccu!”
Ars Nova
*GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT, Chanson, “Dame, de qui toute ma joie vient”
Global Perspectives 1 Sacred Chant
Qur'anic recitation, “Ya Sin”
Hawai'ian chant
Navajo song, “K_adnikini_ya_”
CHAPTER 7 The Renaissance
1 New Attitudes
Early Homophony
Guillaume Dufay
GUILLAUME DUFAY, Harmonized hymn, “Ave maris stella”
The Mass
2 The High Renaissance Style
Imitation
Homophony
Other Characteristics
Josquin Desprez
JOSQUIN DESPREZ, Pange lingua Mass Kyrie and fom the Gloria
3 Music as Expression
JOSQUIN DESPREZ, Chanson, “Mille regrets”
4 Late Renaissance Music
GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA, Pope Marcellus Mass from the Gloria
The Motet
The Italian Madrigal
The English Madrigal
THOMAS WEELKES, Madrigal, “As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending”
5 Instrumental Music: Early Developments
Renaissance Dances
ANONYMOUS, Galliard, “Daphne”
ANONYMOUS, “Kemp's Jig”
Global Perspectives 2 Music and Early European Colonialism
Hymn from the Andes, “Hanaq pachap kusikuynin”
CHAPTER 8 The Early Baroque Period
1 From Renaissance to Baroque
Music in Venice
Extravagance and Control
GIOVANNI GABRIELI, Motet, “O magnum mysterium”
2 Style Features of Early Baroque Music
Rhythm and Meter
Texture: Basso Continuo
Functional Harmony
3 Opera
Recitative
Aria
Claudio Monteverdi
CLAUDIO MONTEVERDI, The Coronation of Poppea from Act I, Recitative “Tornerai?” and Aria “Speranza tu mi vai”
BOX Singing Italian
Henry Purcell
HENRY PURCELL, Dido and Aeneas
Act III, final scene, Recitative “Thy Hand, Belinda!” Aria “When I am laid,” and Chorus “With drooping wings”
4 The Rise of Instrumental Music
Girolamo Frescobaldi
GIROLAMO FRESCOBALDI, Suite (Canzone, Balletto, Corrente, and Passacaglia)
Global Perspectives 3 Ostinato Forms
Gambian song, “Laminba”
Pygmy polyphony, Elephant-hunt song UNIT III The Eighteenth Century CHAPTER 9 Prelude: The Late Baroque Period
1 Absolutism and the Age of Science
Art and Absolutism
The Music of Absolutism
Art and Theatricality
Science and the Arts
Science and Music
2 Musical Life in the Early Eighteenth Century
3 Style Features of Late Baroque Music
Rhythm
Dynamics
Tone Color
The Baroque Orchestra
Melody
Ornamentation
Texture
The Continuo
Musical Form
4 The Emotional World of Baroque Music CHAPTER 10 Baroque Instrumental Music
1 Concerto and Concerto Grosso
Movements
Ritornello Form
ANTONIO VIVALDI, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, Op. 4, No. 12
LISTENING CHART 3 Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, first movement
Biography: Antonio Vivaldi
Baroque Variation Form: The Ground Bass
ANTONIO VIVALDI, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, second movement
LISTENING CHART 4 Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, second movement
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, for Flute, Violin, Harpsichord, and Orchestra
LISTENING CHART 5 Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement
Biography: Johann Sebastian Bach
2 Fugue
Fugal Exposition
*JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1, Prelude and Fugue in C Major
*LISTENING CHART 6 Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1, Prelude and Fugue in C Major
*BOX Glenn Gould
*3 Baroque Dances
The Dance Suite
Baroque Dance Form
*Biography: Jean-Philippe Rameau
*JEAN-PHILIPPE RAMEAU, Menuet and Tambourin from Castor et Pollux, Prologue
*GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL, Minuet from The Royal Fireworks Music
*JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, Gigue from Cello Suite No. 2 in D Minor CHAPTER 11 Baroque Vocal Music
Words and Music
1 Opera
Italian Opera Seria
Recitative
Aria
BOX The Castrato
GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL, Julius Caesar (Giulio Cesare in Egitto)
Aria “La giustizia”
2 Oratorio
Biography: George Frideric Handel
GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL, Messiah
Recitative, “There were shepherds,” Chorus “Glory to God,” and Hallelujah Chorus
BOX Women in Music
3 The Church Cantata
The Lutheran Chorale
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, Cantata No. 4, “Christ lag in Todesbanden” (“Christ Lay in Death's Dark Prison”)
4 The Organ Chorale CHAPTER 12 Prelude: Music and the Enlightenment
1 The Enlightenment and Music
“The Pursuit of Happiness”
Art and Entertainment
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Opera
The Novel
2 The Rise of Concerts
3 Style Features of Classical Music
Rhythm
Dynamics
Tone Color: The Classical Orchestra
Melody: Tunes
Texture: Homophony
Classical Counterpoint
4 Form in Classical Music
Repetitions and Cadences
Classical Forms CHAPTER 13 The Symphony1 The Movements of the Symphony2 Sonata Form
Exposition (A)
Development (B)
Recapitulation (A')
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550
LISTENING CHART 7 Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, first movement
Biography: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
3 Classical Variation Form
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, first and second movements
LISTENING CHART 8 Haydn, Symphony No. 95, second movement (Andante cantabile)
4 Minuet Form (Classical Dance Form)
Biography: Franz Joseph Haydn
Baroque and Classical Dance Form
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, third movement (Menuetto)
LISTENING CHART 9 Haydn, Symphony No. 95, third movement (Menuetto)
5 Rondo Form
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, fourth movement (Finale. Vivace)
LISTENING CHART 10 Haydn, Symphony No. 95, fourth movement (Finale. Vivace) CHAPTER 14 Other Classical Genres
1 The Sonata
FRANCESCA LEBRUN, Sonata in F, Op. 1, No. 3, second movement
2 The Classical Concerto
Double-Exposition Form
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART, Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, K. 488
LISTENING CHART 11 Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, K. 488, first movement
3 The String Quartet Chamber Music4 Opera Buffa
The Ensemble
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART, Don Giovanni
From Act I, scene iii, Aria “Ho capito,” Recitative “Alfin siam liberati,” and Duet “Là ci darem la mano”
Global Perspectives 4 Musical Form: Two Case Studies from Asia
Japanese gagaku, Etenraku
Balinese gamelan, Bopong UNIT IV The Nineteenth Century CHAPTER 15 Beethoven
1 Between Classicism and Romanticism
The French Revolution2 Beethoven and the Symphony
Biography: Ludwig van Beethoven LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67
LISTENING CHART 12 Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, first movement
LISTENING CHART 13 Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, complete work
3 Beethoven's “Third Period”
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN, String Quartet in F, Op. 135, second movement (Vivace)
CHAPTER 16 Prelude: Music after Beethoven: Romanticism
1 Romanticism
The Cult of Individual Feeling
Romanticism and Revolt
Artistic Barriers
Music and the Supernatural Music and the Other Arts
2 Concert Life in the Nineteenth Century
The Artist and the Public
3 Style Features of Romantic Music
Rhythm: Rubato
Romantic Melody
Romantic Harmony
The Expansion of Tone Color
4 Program Music
5 Form in Romantic Music
Miniature Compositions
Grandiose Compositions
The Principle of Thematic Unity CHAPTER 17 The Early Romantics1 The Lied
FRANZ SCHUBERT, “Erlkönig” (“The Erlking”)
Biography: Franz Schubert
The Song Cycle
ROBERT SCHUMANN, Dichterliebe (A Poet's Love)
“Im wunderschönen Monat Mai” and “Die alten, bösen Lieder”
Biography: Robert Schumann
Biography: Clara Wieck (Clara Schumann)
CLARA SCHUMANN, “Der Mond kommt still gegangen” (“The moon has risen softly”)2 The Character Piece for Piano
FRANZ SCHUBERT, Moment Musical No. 2 in A-flat
ROBERT SCHUMANN, Carnaval
“Eusebius,” “Florestan,” and “Chiarina”
FREDERIC CHOPIN, Nocturne in F-Sharp, Op. 15, No. 2
Biography: Frédéric Chopin
Biography: Franz Liszt
3 Early Romantic Program Music
The Concert Overture: Felix Mendelssohn
Biography: Felix Mendelssohn
Biography: Fanny Mendelssohn
The Program Symphony: Hector Berlioz
HECTOR BERLIOZ, Fantastic Symphony: Episodes in the Life of an Artist
Biography: Hector Berlioz
LISTENING CHART 14 Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony, fifth movement CHAPTER 18 Romantic Opera
BOX Early Romantic Opera
1 Verdi and Italian Opera
Biography: Giuseppe Verdi
Recitative and Aria: The Orchestra
*GIUSEPPE VERDI, Rigoletto
From Act III, scene i, Aria “La donna è mobile” and Quartet “Bella figlia dell'amore” (Allegro)
2 Wagner and Music Drama
Biography: Richard Wagner
The Total Work of Art
BOX Wagner's Tristan and Isolde
Leitmotivs
RICHARD WAGNER, The Nibelung's Ring
The Valkyrie, Act I, scene i
*3 Late Romantic Opera
*Giacomo Puccini
*GIACOMO PUCCINI, Madame Butterfly
From Act II, Aria “Un bel dì” CHAPTER 19 The Late Romantics
Romanticism and Realism
1 Late Romantic Program Music
PYOTR ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
Biography: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
LISTENING CHART 15 Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
2 Nationalism
Exoticism
The Russian Kuchka
MODEST MUSORGSKY, Pictures at an Exhibition
Biography: Modest Musorgsky
BOX Other Nationalists
3 Responses to Romanticism
The Renewal of Classicism: Brahms
Biography: Johannes Brahms
JOHANNES BRAHMS, Violin Concerto in D, Op. 77
LISTENING CHART 16 Brahms, Violin Concerto, third movement
Romantic Nostalgia: Mahler
Biography: Gustav Mahler
GUSTAV MAHLER, Symphony No. 1
LISTENING CHART 17 Mahler, Symphony No. 1, third movement, Funeral March
Global Perspectives 5 Musical Drama Worldwide
Japanese Kabuki, Dojoji
Beijing opera, The Prince Who Changed into a Cat UNIT V The Twentieth Century and Beyond CHAPTER 20 Prelude: Music and Modernism
1 Progress and Uncertainty2 The Response of Modernism3 Literature and Art before World War I
Impressionists and Symbolists
Expressionists and Fauves
4 Modernist Music before World War I
Experiment and Transformation: Melody
New Horizons, New Scales
“The Emancipation of Dissonance” CHAPTER 21 The Twentieth Century: Early Modernism
1 Debussy and Impressionism
CLAUDE DEBUSSY, Three Nocturnes
LISTENING CHART 18 Debussy, Clouds
Biography: Claude Debussy
2 Stravinsky: The Primacy of Rhythm
IGOR STRAVINSKY, The Rite of Spring: Part I, “The Adoration of the Earth”
LISTENING CHART 19 Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, from Part I
Biography: Igor Stravinsky
3 Expressionism
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG, Pierrot lunaire
No. 8: “Night” and No. 18: “The Moonfleck”
Biography: Arnold Schoenberg
ALBAN BERG, Wozzeck
Act III, scenes iii and iv
BOX Schoenberg and Serialism
4 Modernism in America: Ives
Biography: Charles Ives
CHARLES IVES, Second Orchestral Set, second movement: “The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People's Outdoor Meeting”
LISTENING CHART 20 Ives, “The Rockstrewn Hills”
CHARLES IVES, The Unanswered Question CHATPER 22 Alternatives to Modernism
Twentieth-Century Traditionalism
1 Maurice Ravel
Biography: Maurice Ravel
MAURICE RAVEL, Piano Concerto in G
LISTENING CHART 21 Ravel, Piano Concerto in G, first movement
2 Béla Bartók
Biography: Béla Bartók
BÉLA BARTÓK, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta
LISTENING CHART 22 Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, second movement (Allegro)
3 Aaron Copland
Music for Americans
AARON COPLAND, Appalachian Spring (excerpts)
Biography: Aaron Copland
4 The Rise of Film Music
Composers for Film: Prokofiev
BOX Music and Totalitarianism
SERGEI PROKOFIEV, Alexander Nevsky
LISTENING CHART 23 Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky Cantata, 5, “The Battle on Ice”
Biography: Sergei Prokofiev
CHAPTER 23 The Late Twentieth Century
1 Modernism in Music: The Second Phase
New Sound Materials
Electronic Music
On the Boundaries of Time
ANTON WEBERN, Five Orchestral Pieces, IV
Chance Music
2 The Postwar Avant-Garde
György Ligeti
GYÖRGY LIGETI, Lux aeterna
LISTENING CHART 24 Ligeti, Lux aeterna
Edgard Varèse
BOX Modernist Music and Architecture
EDGARD VARÈSE, Poème électronique
John Cage
JOHN CAGE, 4'33”
3 Music at the End of the Millennium
Minimalism
STEVE REICH, Music for 18 Musicians
LISTENING CHART 25 Reich, Music for 18 Musicians, beginning
A New Expressionism
KAIJA SAARIAHO, From the Grammar of Dreams
Back to the Future
JOHN ADAMS, El Niño
“Pues mi Dios ha nacido a penar,” “When Herod heard,” and “Woe unto Them That Call Evil Good” CHAPTER 24 Music in America: Jazz and Beyond
1 Early American Music: An Overview
The Cultivated Tradition
Music in the Vernacular
African American Music
2 Jazz: The First Fifty Years
The Blues
SIPPIE WALLACE, “If You Ever Been Down” Blues (Composed by G. W. Thomas)
BOX Ragtime: Scott Joplin
New Orleans Jazz
Biography: Louis Armstrong
Big Band Jazz: Swing
DUKE ELLINGTON, “Conga Brava”
Biography: Duke Ellington
*Popular Song
3 Later Jazz
Bebop
CHARLIE PARKER and MILES DAVIS, “Out of Nowhere”
Jazz after Bebop
MILES DAVIS, Bitches Brew
Global Perspectives 6 African Drumming
Yoruba drumming, “Ako”
4 Jazz in the Concert Hall
GEORGE GERSHWIN, Prelude No. 1
BOX The American Musical
LEONARD BERNSTEIN, West Side Story
Dance at the Gym: Meeting Scene and “Cool”
BOX The Later Musical
5 Rock
Early Rock 'n' Roll
The 1960s: Rock Comes of Age
Motown, Soul, and Funk
The British Invasion
American Counteroffensives
After the 1960s
Trends 1980-2000: Punk, Rap, and Post-Rock
Global Perspectives 7 Global Music
South African choral song, “Anoku Gonda”
6 Conclusion Appendix A Timelines
*Appendix B Musical Notation Glossary of Musical Terms
Index
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