Literature and the Writing Process
, by McMahan, Elizabeth, Deceased; Day, Susan X.; Funk, Robert W.; Coleman, Linda S.
- ISBN: 9780205902279 | 0205902278
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 1/2/2013
Literature and the Writing Process combines the best elements of a literature anthology with those of a handbook to guide students through the interrelated process of analytical reading and critical writing.Text writing assignments use literature as a tool of critical thought , a method for analysis, and a way of communicating ideas. This approach emphasizes writing as the focus of the book with literature as the means to write effectively. A four-part organization combines a literary anthology with composition instruction and a style handbook so students have everything they need at their fingertips.
PART ONE Composing: An Overview
Chapter 1 The Prewriting Process
Reading for Writing
James Joyce, “Eveline”
Who Are My Readers?
Analyze the Audience
Prewriting Exercise
Why Am I Writing?
Reasons for Writing
Prewriting Exercise
What Ideas Should I Use?
Reading and Thinking Critically
Discovering and Developing Ideas
Self-Questioning
Directed Freewriting
Problem Solving
Clustering
Figure 1-1 Directed Freewriting
Figure 1-2 Clustering
What Point Should I Make?
Relate a Part to the Whole
How Do I Find the Theme?
Stating the Thesis
Chapter 2 The Writing Process
How Should I Organize My Ideas?
Arguing Your Interpretation
The Elements of Good Argument
Building an Effective Argument
Arranging the Ideas
Chart 2-1 Checklist for Arguing an Interpretation
Developing with Details
Questions for Consideration
Maintaining a Critical Focus
Distinguishing Critical Comments from Plot Details
How Should I Begin?
Postpone If Nothing Comes
Write an Appealing Opening
State the Thesis
How Should I End?
Relate the Discussion to Theme
Postpone or Write Ahead
Write an Emphatic Final Sentence
Composing the First Draft
Pausing to Rescan
Quoting from Your Sources
Sample Student Paper: First Draft
Chapter 3 Writing a Convincing Argument
Interpreting and Arguing
Identifying Issues
Making Claims
Using Evidence
Using Reasoning
Answering Opposing Views
Organizing Your Argument
Using the Inductive Approach
Making a Counterargument
Arguing Through Comparison
Sample Student Essay
Dagoberto Gilb, “Love in L. A.”
Chapter 4 The Rewriting Process
What Is Revision?
Getting Feedback: Peer Review
Revising in Peer Groups
Chart 4-1 Peer Evaluation Checklist for Revision
What Should I Add or Take Out?
Outlining After the First Draft
Making the Outline
Checking the Outline
Sample After-Writing Outline
Examining the Sample Outline
Outlining Exercise
What Should I Rearrange?
Does It Flow?
What Is Editing?
What Sentences Should I Combine?
Chart 4-2 Transitional Terms for All Occasions
Chart 4-3 Revising Checklist
Combining for Conciseness
Sentence Combining Exercise
Rearranging for Emphasis and Variety
Varying the Pattern
Exercise on Style
Which Words Should I Change?
Check Your Verbs
Use Active Voice Most of the Time
Use Passive If Appropriate
Exercise on Passive Voice
Feel the Words
Exercise on Word Choice
Attend to Tone
Use Formal Language
What Is Proofreading?
Try Reading It Backward
Look for Your Typical Errors
Read the Paper Aloud
Find a Friend to Help
Chart 4-4 Proofreading Checklist
Sample Student Paper: Final Draft
Chapter 5 Researched Writing
Using Library Source in Your Writing
Conducting Your Research
Locating Sources
Using the Online Catalog
Using Indexes and Databases
Using the Internet
Chart 5-1 Internet Sources for Literature
Evaluating Online Sources
Using Reference Works in Print
Working with Sources
Taking Notes
Using a Research Notebook
Using the Printout/Photocopy Option
Figure 5-1 Sample Entry from a Divided-Page Research Notebook
Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting
Devising a Working Outline
Writing a First Draft
Organizing Your Notes
Using Quotations and Paraphrases
Integrating Sources
Block Quotations
Quoting from Primary Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
Rewriting and Editing
Documenting Your Sources
Revising the Draft
Formatting Your Paper
Chart 5-2 Checklist for Revising and Editing Researched Writing
Sample Documented Student Paper
Sample Published Article
Explanation of the MLA Documentation Style
In-Text Citations
Preparing the List of Works Cited
Sample Entries for a List of Works Cited
Citing Print Publications
Citing Online Publications
Citing Other Common Sources
PART TWO Writing About Short Fiction
Chapter 6 How Do I Read Short Fiction?
Notice the Structure
Consider Point of View and Setting
Study the Characters
Foils
Look for Specialized Literary Techniques
Examine the Title
Investigate the Author’s Life and Times
Continue Questioning to Discover Theme
Chart 6-1 Critical Questions for Reading the Short Story
Chapter 7 Writing About Structure
What Is Structure?
How Do I Discover Structure?
Looking at Structure
Tim O’Brien, “The Things They Carried”
Prewriting
Finding Patterns
Writing
Grouping Details
Relating Details to Theme
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Integrating Quotations Gracefully
Exercise on Integrating Quotations
Chapter 8 Writing About Imagery and Symbolism
What Are Images?
What Are Symbols?
Archetypal Symbols
Phallic and Yonic Symbols
How Will I Recognize Symbols?
Reference Works on Symbols
Looking at Images and Symbols
Shirley Jackson, “The Lottery”
Prewriting
Interpreting Symbols
Writing
Producing a Workable Thesis
Exercise on Thesis Statements
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Sharpening the Introduction
Sample Student Paper on Symbolism: Second and Final Drafts
Chapter 9 Writing About Point of View
What Is Point of View?
Describing Point of View
Looking at Point of View
Alice Walker, “Everyday Use”
Prewriting
Analyzing Point of View
Writing
Relating Point of View to Theme
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Sharpening the Conclusion
Chapter 10 Writing About Setting and Atmosphere
What Are Setting and Atmosphere?
Looking at Setting and Atmosphere
Tobias Wolff, “Hunters in the Snow”
Prewriting
Examining the Elements of Setting
Writing
Discovering an Organization
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Checking Your Organization
Improving the Style: Balanced Sentences
Sentence Modeling Exercise
Chapter 11 Writing About Theme
What Is Theme?
Looking at Theme
Flannery O'Connor, “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”
Prewriting
Figuring Out the Theme
Stating the Theme
Writing
Choosing Supporting Details
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Achieving Coherence
Checking for Coherence
Editing
Repeat Words and Synonyms
Try Parallel Structure
Casebook: Joyce Carol Oates’s “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?”
Joyce Carol Oates (1938- ) “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?”
The Story’s Origins
Four Critical Interpretations
Topics for Discussion and Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Anthology of Short Fiction
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) “The Birthmark”
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) “The Cask of Amontillado”
Kate Chopin (1851-1904) “Désirée’s Baby”
“The Story of an Hour”
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) “The Yellow Wallpaper”
Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941) “Hands”
Katherine Anne Porter (1890-1980) “The Grave”
Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) “Spunk”
William Faulkner (1897-1962) “Barn Burning”
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) “Hills Like White Elephants”
Langston Hughes (1902-1967) “Salvation”
John Steinbeck (1902-1968) “The Chrysanthemums”
Richard Wright (1908-1960) “The Man Who Was Almost a Man”
Tillie Olsen (1913-2007) “I Stand Here Ironing”
Hisaye Yamamoto (1921- ) “Seventeen Syllables”
Rosario Morales (1930- ) “The Day It Happened”
Chinua Achebe (1930- ) “Dead Men’s Path”
Alice Munro (1931- ) “An Ounce of Cure”
Andre Dubus (1956-1999) “The Fat Girl”
Raymond Carver (1938-1988) “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love”
Toni Cade Bambara (1939-1995) “The Lesson”
Bharati Mukherjee (1940- ) “A Father”
T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948- ) “The Love of My Life”
Sandra Cisneros (1954- ) “Geraldo No Last Name”
Louise Erdrich (1954- ) “The Red Convertible”
Ha Jin (1956- ) “The Bridegroom”
Katherine Min (1959- ) “Secondhand World”
Julie Otsuka (1962- ) “Evacuation Order No. 19”
Sherman Alexie (1966- ) “This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona”
A Portfolio of Science Fiction Stories
Ray Bradbury (1920- ) “There Will Come Soft Rains”
Ursula K. Le Guin (1929- ) “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas”
Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006) “Speech Sounds”
Kevin Brockmeier (1972- ) “The Year of Silence”
Sample Student Paper: Comparing Dystopias
A Portfolio of Humorous and Satirical Stories
Eudora Welty (1909-2001) “Why I Live at the P. O.”
John Updike (1932-2009) “A & P”
Margaret Atwood (1939- ) “Happy Endings”
Ron Hansen (1947- ) “My Kid’s Dog”
David Sedaris (1956- ) “Nuit of the Living Dead”
A Portfolio of Graphic Stories
Art Spiegelman (1948- ) “Time Flies” from Maus II
Alison Bechdel (1960- ) “Fun Home”
Marjane Satrapi (1969- ) “The Vegetable” from Persepolis 2
PART THREE Writing About Poetry
Chapter 12 How Do I Read Poetry?
Get the Literal Meaning First: Paraphrase
Make Associations for Meaning
Chart 12-1 Critical Questions for Reading Poetry
Chapter 13 Writing About Persona and Tone
Who Is Speaking?
What Is Tone?
Recognizing Verbal Irony
Describing Tone
Looking at Persona and Tone
Theodore Roethke, “My Papa’s Waltz”
W. D. Ehrhart, “The Sins of the Father”
Thomas Hardy, “The Ruined Maid”
W. H. Auden, “The Unknown Citizen”
Edmund Waller, “Go, Lovely Rose”
Dorothy Parker, “One Perfect Rose”
Prewriting
Asking Questions About the Speaker in “My Papa's Waltz”
Devising a Thesis
Considering the Speaker in “The Sins of the Father”
Describing the Tone in “The Ruined Maid”
Developing a Thesis
Describing the Tone in “The Unknown Citizen”
Formulating a Thesis
Determining Tone in “Go, Lovely Rose”
Discovering Tone in “One Perfect Rose”
Writing
Explicating and Analyzing
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Editing
Quoting Poetry in Essays
Sample Student Response on Persona and Tone
Analyzing the Student Response
Chapter 14 Writing About Poetic Language
What Do the Words Suggest?
Connotation and Denotation
Figures of Speech
Metaphor and Simile
Personification
Imagery
Symbol
Paradox
Oxymoron
Looking at Poetic Language
Mary Oliver, “August”
Walt Whitman, “A Noiseless Patient Spider”
William Shakespeare, “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?”
Kay Ryan, “Turtle”
Hayden Carruth, “In the Long Hall”
Donald Hall, “My Son My Executioner”
Prewriting
Examining Poetic Language
Writing
Comparing and Contrasting
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Choosing Vivid, Descriptive Terms
Finding Lively Words
Exercise on Diction
Sample Student Paper on Poetic Language: Second and Final Drafts
Comparison Exercise
Chapter 15 Writing About Poetic Form
What Are the Forms of Poetry?
Rhythm and Rhyme
Chart 15-1 Rhythm and Meter in Poetry
Alliteration, Assonance, and Consonance
Exercise on Poetic Form
Stanzas: Closed and Open Form
Poetic Syntax
Visual Poetry
Looking at the Forms of Poetry
Gwendolyn Brooks, “We Real Cool”
A. E. Housman, “Eight O’Clock”
E. E. Cummings, “anyone lived in a pretty how town”
Wole Soyinka, “Telephone Conversation”
Robert Frost, “The Silken Tent”
Billy Collins, “Sonnet”
Roger McGough, “40-----Love”
Prewriting
Experimenting with Poetic Forms
Writing
Relating Form to Meaning
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Expressive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Finding the Exact Wor
Sample Student Paper on Poetic Form
Sample Published Essay on Poetic Form:
David Huddle, “The ‘Banked Fire’ of Robert Hayden’s ‘Those Winter Sundays’”
Casebook: The Poetry of Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes: A Brief Biography
“The Negro Speaks of Rivers”
“Mother to Son”
“The Weary Blues”
“Saturday Night”
“Trumpet Player”
“Harlem (A Dream Deferred)”
“Theme for English B”
Considering the Poems
Critical Commentaries
Onwuchekwa Jemie, “Hughes and the Black Controversy”
Margaret Larkin, “A Poet for the People”
Richard Wright, “Forerunner and Ambassador”
Karen Jackson Ford, “Do Right to Write Right: Langston Hughes’s Aesthetics of Simplicity”
Peter Townsend, “Jazz and Langston Hughes’s Poetry”
Langston Hughes, “Harlem Rent Parties”
Ideas for Writing About Langston Hughes
Ideas for Researched Writing
The Art of Poetry
The Art of Poetry
Lisel Mueller (1924- ) “American Literature”
Edward Hopper (1882-1967), Nighthawks, 1942
Samuel Yellen (1906-1983) “Nighthawks”
Susan Ludvigson (1942- ) “Inventing My Parents”
Peter Brueghel the Elder (c. 1525-1569), Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, c. 1554-55
W. H. Auden (1907-1973) “Musée des Beaux Arts”
Paolo Uccello (139-1475), St. George and the Dragon, 1470
U. A. Fanthorpe (1929-2009) “Not My Best Side”
Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890), The Starry Night, 1889
Anne Sexton (1928-1974) “The Starry Night”
Henri Matisse (1869-1954), The Red Studio, 1911
W. D. Snodgrass (1926-2009) “Matisse: ‘The Red Studio’ ”
Kitagawa Utamaro (1754-1806), Two Women Dressing Their Hair, 1794-1795
Cathy Song (1952- ) “Beauty and Sadness”
The Art of Poetry: Questions for Discussion
Poetry and Art: Ideas for Writing
Sample Student Response: Poetry and Art
Anthology of Poetry
Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542) “They Flee from Me”
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) “When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men’s Eyes”
“Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds”
“That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold”
“My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun”
John Donne (1572-1631) “Death, Be Not Proud”
“The Flea”
“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”
Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) “To His Coy Mistress”
William Blake (1757-1827) “The Lamb”
“The Tyger”
“The Sick Rose”
“London”
William Wordsworth (1770-1850) “The World Is Too Much with Us”
George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824) “She Walks in Beauty”
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) “Ozymandias”
John Keats (1795-1821) “Ode on a Grecian Urn”
Walt Whitman (1819-1892) “When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer”
Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) “Dover Beach”
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) “Faith Is a Fine Invention”
“I’m Nobody! Who Are You?”
“He Put the Belt Around My Life”
“Much Madness Is Divinest Sense”
“Because I Could Not Stop for Death”
“Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church”
“Wild Nights—Wild Nights!”
Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889) “Pied Beauty”
“Spring and Fall”
A. E. Housman (1859-1936) “To an Athlete Dying Young”
“Loveliest of Trees”
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) “The Second Coming”
“Sailing to Byzantium”
Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906) “We Wear the Mask”
Robert Frost (1874-1963) “Mending Wall”
“Birches”
“ ‘Out, Out—’”
“Fire and Ice”
“Design”
Carl Sandburg (1878-1967) “Fog”
“Chicago”
William Carlos Williams (1883-1963) “Danse Russe”
“The Red Wheelbarrow”
D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930) “Piano”
T. S. Eliot (1888-1965) “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
Claude McKay (1890-1948) “America”
Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) “Oh, Oh, You Will Be Sorry for That Word”
“First Fig”
E. E. Cummings (1894-1962) “in Just- ”
“pity this busy monster,manunkind”
Stevie Smith (1902-1971) “Not Waving but Drowning”
Countee Cullen (1903-1946) “Incident”
Pablo Neruda (1904-1973) “Sweetness, Always”
W. H. Auden (1907-1973) “Funeral Blues”
“Lullaby”
Theodore Roethke (1908-1963) “I Knew a Woman”
Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979) “One Art”
May Sarton (1912-1995) “AIDS”
Karl Shapiro (1913-2000) “Auto Wreck”
Octavio Paz (1914-1998) “The Street”
Dudley Randall (1914-2000) “Ballad of Birmingham”
“To the Mercy Killers”
Dylan Thomas (1914-1953) “The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower”
“Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night”
Gwendolyn Brooks (1917- 2000)
“Sadie and Maud”
Richard Wilbur (1921- ) “Love Calls Us to the Things of This World”
Philip Larkin (1922-1985) “Home Is So Sad”
James Dickey (1923-1997) “The Leap”
Maxine Kumin (1925- ) “Woodchucks”
Anne Sexton (1928-1974) “You All Know the Story of the Other Woman”
Adrienne Rich (1929- ) “Aunt Jennifer's Tigers”
“Living in Sin”
Ruth Fainlight (1931- ) “Flower Feet”
Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) “Mirror”
Imamu Amiri Baraka (1934- ) “Biography”
Audre Lorde (1934-1992) “Hanging Fire”
Marge Piercy (1936- ) “Barbie Doll”
Seamus Heaney (1939- ) “Digging”
John Lennon (1940-1980) and Paul McCartney (1942- ) “Eleanor Rigby”
Sharon Olds (1942- ) “Sex Without Love”
“The Death of Marilyn Monroe”
Nikki Giovanni (1943- ) “Dreams”
Gina Valdes (1943- ) “My Mother Sews Blouses”
Edward Hirsch (1950- ) “Execution”
Jimmy Santiago Baca (1952- ) “There Are Black”
Judith Ortiz Cofer (1952- ) “Latin Women Pray”
Cornelius Eady (1954- ) “The Supremes”
Louise Erdrich (1954- ) “Indian Boarding School: The Runaways”
Martín Espada (1957- ) “Bully”
Essex Hemphill (1957-1995) “Commitments”
Paired Poems for Comparison
Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”
Sir Walter Raleigh (1552?-1618) “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd”
Robert Browning (1812-1889) “My Last Duchess”
Gabriel Spera (1966- ) “My Ex-Husband”
Walt Whitman (1819-1892) “Of the Terrible Doubt of Appearances”
Tony Hoagland (1953- ) “Romantic Moment”
Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935) “Richard Cory”
Paul Simon (1942- ) “Richard Cory”
William Stafford (1914-1993) “Traveling Through the Dark”
Mary Oliver (1935- ) “The Black Snake”
Robert Hayden (1913-1980) “Those Winter Sundays”
George Bilgere (1951- ) “Like Riding a Bicycle”
Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000) “The Bean Eaters”
Katha Pollitt (1949- ) “The Old Neighbors”
A Portfolio of Poems about Work
Jean Toomer (1894-1967) “Reapers”
John Updike (1932-2009) “Ex-Basketball Player”
Marge Piercy (1936- ) “To Be of Use”
Rita Dove (1952- ) “Daystar”
Dorianne Laux (1952- ) “What I Wouldn’t Do”
Alberto Ríos (1952- ) “In Second Grade Miss Lee I Promised Never to Forget You and I Never Did”
Lynn Powell (1955- ) “Acceptance Speech”
Stephen Cushman (1956- ) “Beside the Point”
A Portfolio of War Poetry
Richard Lovelace (1618-1657) “To Lucasta, on Going to the Wars”
Stephen Crane (1871-1900) “War Is Kind”
Wilfred Owen (1893-1918) “Dulce et Decorum Est”
E. E. Cummings (1894-1962) “next to of course god america i”
Wislawa Szymborska (1923-2012) “End and Beginning”
Peg Lauber (1938- ) “Six National Guardsmen Blown Up Together”
Yusef Komunyakaa (1947- ) “Facing It”
Dwight Okita (1958- ) “In Response to Executive Order 9066”
A Portfolio of Humorous and Satirical Poetry
Don Marquis (1878-1937) “the lesson of the moth”
Linda Pastan (1932- ) “Marks”
Lucille Clifton (1936-2010) “homage to my hips”
Ron Koertge (1940- ) “Cinderella’s Diary”
Billy Collins (1941- ) “Introduction to Poetry”
Andrea Carlisle (1944- ) “Emily Dickinson’s To-Do List”
Craig Raine (1944- ) “A Martian Sends a Postcard Home”
Jan Beatty (1952- ) “A Waitress’s Instructions on Tipping”
Jeanne Marie Beaumont (1954- ) “Afraid So”
Peter Pereira (1959- ) “Reconsidering the Seven”
PART FOUR Writing About Drama
Chapter 16 How Do I Read a Play?
Listen to the Lines
Visualize the Scene
Envision the Action
Drama on Film
Chart 16-1 Critical Questions for Reading Plays
Chapter 17 Writing About Dramatic Structure
What Is Dramatic Structure?
Looking at Dramatic Structure
Sophocles, Antigone
Prewriting
Analyzing Dramatic Structure
Writing
Discovering a Workable Argumentative Thesis
Quoting from a Play
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Avoiding Unclear Language
Sample Student Paper
Questions for Discussion
Chapter 18 Writing About Character
What Is the Modern Hero?
The Classical Tragic Hero
The Modern Tragic Hero
Looking at the Modern Hero
Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie
Prewriting
Analyzing the Characters
Writing
Choosing a Structure
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Developing Paragraphs Specifically
Exercise on Providing Quotations
Casebook The Glass Menagerie: Interpreting Amanda
Six Critical Interpretations
Burton Rasco, Review of The Glass Menagerie
Howard Taubman, “Diverse, Unique Amanda”
Durant Da Ponte, “Tennessee Williams’ Gallery of Feminine Characters”
Joseph K. Davis, “Landscapes of the Dislocated Mind”
Marc Robinson, “Amanda”
Charles Isherwood, “Gritty Polish for a Tennessee Williams Jewel”
Responding to the Critics
Ideas for Researched Writing
Chapter 19 Writing About Culture
What Is Cultural Analysis?
Looking at Cultural Issues
David Henry Hwang, M. Butterfly
Prewriting
Figure 19-1 Reading Notes
Exploring Cultural Themes
Posing Yourself a Problem
Writing
Refining Your Thesis
Ideas for Writing
Ideas for Responsive Writing
Ideas for Critical Writing
Ideas for Researched Writing
Rewriting
Coordinating Your Introduction and Conclusions
Sample Student Paper on Cultural Issues
Anthology of Drama
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Othello, the Moor of Venice
Susan Glaspell (1882-1948) Trifles
Lorraine Hansberry (1930-1965) A Raisin in the Sun
A Portfolio of Humorous and Satirical Plays
Fernando Arrabal (1933- ) Picnic on the Battlefield
Jane Martin (1938?- ) Beauty
Luis Valdez (1940- ) Los Vendidos
David Ives (1950- ) Sure Thing
Handbook for Correcting Errors
Proofreading
Correcting Sentence Boundary Errors
Phrases and Clauses
Chart A Examples of Phrases and Clauses
Fragments
Chart B Kinds of Phrases
Chart C Kinds of Clauses
Comma Splices
Run-On Sentences
Clearing Up Confused Sentences
Solving Faulty Predication Problems
Fixing Subject-Verb Agreement Errors
Fixing Pronoun Errors
Correcting Shifts in Person
Correcting Shifts in Tense
Finding Modifier Mistakes
Coping with Irregular Verbs
Getting Verbs Right
Writing in Active Voice
Solving Punctuation Problems
Using Necessary Commas Only
Using Apostrophes
Distinguishing Hyphens from Dashes
Integrating Quotations Gracefully
Punctuating Quoted Material
Writing Smooth Transitions
Critical Approaches for Interpreting Literature
Formalism
Historical Approaches
Biographical
Cultural
Marxist
Psychological Approaches
Mythological and Archetypal Approaches
Gender Focus
Reader Response
Deconstruction
Intertextual Approaches
Where Do You Stand?
Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms
Credits
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poetry
Subject Index
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