Lobbying Reconsidered: Politics Under the Influence

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ISBN: 9780136032656 | 0136032656
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/3/2008

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Lobbying Reconsidered: Politics Under the Influence, reveals how lobbying is a complex process that involves more than just relationships, friends, access, favors, and influence. This book offers a broader perspective on this important dimension of American public policymaking. As a person who straddles the worlds of Washington insider and interest group scholar, author Gary Andres hopes to use his experience and insight in in the lobbying world to help readers navigate beyond the conventional wisdom, and guide them to a deeper, broader understanding.

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
A Broader Perspective On Lobbying	p. 2
Causes and Consequences of Lobbying Change	p. 6
The Causes of Change-A Closer Look	p. 9
Growing Government Complexity, Decentralization, Sunshine Laws, and Activism	p. 9
Regulating Money in Elections and Public Policy	p. 11
Partisan Polarization	p. 12
Old Media Fragmentation, the Internet, and New Media	p. 13
The Consequences of Change-A Closer Look	p. 13
A Different Dependent Variable-How the Political Environment Shapes Lobbying	p. 15
Reciprocal Impacts-Lobbyist Facilitation of Government Growth?	p. 16
Research Approach	p. 16
A Note on Definition	p. 17
Organization of this Book	p. 18
Summary	p. 21
Notes	p. 22
Foundations of Lobbying	p. 25
An Enduring Public Scorn	p. 26
The Institutional Framework of Lobbying in America	p. 28
Interest Groups in an Earlier Era-The Rise of Association-Based Advocacy	p. 29
An Upside of Influence?	p. 35
Foundations of Modern Lobbying-A Broader Perspective	p. 39
Summary	p. 41
Notes	p. 42
The New Advocacy Industry-Growth and Institutionalization in the Lobbying World	p. 44
The Size of the Interest Group/Lobbying World in Earlier Studies	p. 45
The Washington Representatives Book and Other Evidence of Growth	p. 47
Public Interest Groups/Non-Governmental Organizations	p. 52
The Rise of the Political Action Committee	p. 52
The Rise of Grassroots-Organizing the Ground War	p. 57
Increasing the Supply of Advertising	p. 59
Summary	p. 63
Notes	p. 64
Governmental Growth and the Advocacy Industry	p. 67
Government Facilitation of Lobbying Growth	p. 68
Changing Congressional Environment	p. 69
An Evolving Seniority System	p. 69
Proliferation of Subcommittees	p. 70
Growth of Staff	p. 71
Changing Regulatory Environment	p. 74
Sunshine Laws, Greater Openness, and Accountability	p. 76
Lobbying: Another Keystone in the Washington Establishment?	p. 76
New Government-Induced Risks or Rewards	p. 77
Competitive Advantage-The Lobbying Equivalent of the Hatfields and McCoys	p. 80
Multiple Entry Points	p. 82
Partisan Control and the Oversight Agenda	p. 85
Opportunities for Policy Entrepreneurs	p. 86
Boosting the Need for Policy Specialists	p. 86
Summary	p. 87
Notes	p. 88
Partisanship and the Advocacy Industry	p. 90
Polarization, Party Leadership in Congress, and Lobbying	p. 91
Partisanship and the Growth of Reverse Lobbying	p. 97
Polarization and Earmarking	p. 100
Lobbying and Party Organizations in a Polarized Age	p. 103
Partisanship, Leadership PACs, and Lobbying	p. 105
Partisanship and the Rise and Fall of Soft Money	p. 107
Polarization and Partisan Lobbying Firms	p. 110
Partisanship and the Democratic Majority	p. 111
Partisanship Empowers Lobbyists	p. 115
Summary	p. 116
Notes	p. 117
Lobbying in a Hyper Media Age	p. 120
Lobbying and Media Fragmentation	p. 121
Lobbying and the 24-Hour News Cycle	p. 126
Lobbying and New Media	p. 128
Microtargeting as Tactical Response	p. 131
Summary	p. 135
Notes	p. 136
The New Lobbying Toolbox	p. 137
The New Tool Box-Preliminary Observations and Generalizations	p. 138
Research-Information as Power	p. 142
Validators: Think Tanks and Issue Experts	p. 146
Earned Media-Shaping the Playing Field	p. 147
Paid Media-Air Cover	p. 149
Grass roots-Ground Cover	p. 152
Specialized Consultants	p. 154
Lobbying the White House with Specialized Consultants	p. 155
Money Tools-Access and Change	p. 157
PACs: The Institutionalization of Campaign Finance	p. 158
Independent Expenditures: Shaping the Environment	p. 160
New Media/Internet/Blogs-Leveraging a Fragmented World	p. 162
Summary	p. 164
Notes	p. 166
Lobbying and Strategic Choices	p. 169
Resources	p. 170
Competitive Pressures	p. 171
Air Cover/Ground Cover Demands	p. 174
Visibility of the Issue	p. 176
Relations to Allies	p. 179
Early Adaptors	p. 180
Time of Season	p. 181
Context-Playing Offense or Defense and Type of Policy	p. 182
Context Continued-Venue Shopping	p. 184
Putting it All Together-Lobbying on Health Care	p. 186
Summary	p. 189
Notes	p. 191
Lobbying Reconsidered	p. 192
Impact on the Process and Strategic Goals	p. 194
Lobbyists and Interest Groups are Not Omnipotent	p. 194
Debunking the Myth of Commoditization	p. 199
Lobbying About More Than Influence	p. 200
Structure and Dynamism	p. 203
Lobbying More Structurally and Tactically Diverse than Suggested by Conventional Wisdom	p. 203
Lobbying Not Static-Constantly Adapting	p. 204
Campaign-Infused Advocacy	p. 205
Unintended Consequences of Reform	p. 206
Lobbying Both a Cause and a Consequence of Governmental Action	p. 208
Lobbying Growth and Reform-The One-Way Door	p. 210
Summary	p. 211
Notes	p. 214
Index	p. 216
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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