The Lonely Crowd; A Study of the Changing

Abridged and revised with a Forward by professor Todd Gitlin, "The Lonely Crowd" is indispensable reading for anyone who wishes to understand the social character of the United States. Its now-classic analysis of the "new middle class" opens exciting new dimensions in our understanding of the psychological, political, and economic problems that confront the individual in contemporary American society.

David Reisman is Henry Ford II Professor of Social Science Emeritus at Harward University.

Foreword

xi

Todd Gitlin

Twenty Years After---A Second Preface

xxi

Preface to the 1961 Edition

xxxiii

PART I: CHARACTER

Some Types of Character and Society

3

(34)

Character and Society

5

(26)

High Growth Potential: Tradition-directed Types

9

(2)

A Definition of Tradition-direction

11

(2)

Transitional Growth: Inner-directed Types

13

(1)

A Definition of Inner-direction

14

(3)

Incipient Decline of Population: Other-directed Types

17

(2)

A Definition of Other-direction

19

(5)

The Three Types Compared

24

(1)

The Case of Athens

25

(3)

Some Necessary Qualifications

28

(3)

The Characterological Struggle

31

(6)

From Morality to Morale: Changes in the Agents of Character Formation

37

(29)

Changes in the Role of the Parents

38

(17)

Parental Role in the Stage of Tradition-direction

38

(2)

Parental Role in the Stage of Inner-direction

40

(1)

Character and Social Mobility

40

(2)

Character Training as a Conscious Parental Task

42

(2)

Passage from Home

44

(1)

Parental Role in the Stage of Other-direction

45

(1)

Character and Social Mobility

45

(3)

From Bringing up Children to ``Bringing up Father''

48

(3)

The Rule of ``Reason''

51

(4)

Changes in the Role of the Teacher

55

(11)

The Teacher's Role in the Stage of Inner-direction

57

(3)

The Teacher's Role in the Stage of Other-direction

60

(6)

A Jury of Their Peers: Changes in the Agents of Character Formation (Continued)

66

(17)

The Peer-group in the Stage of Inner-direction

66

(4)

The Peer-group in the Stage of Other-direction

70

(13)

The Trial

71

(2)

``The Talk of the Town'': the Socialization of Preferences

73

(8)

The Antagonistic Cooperators of the Peer-group

81

(2)

Storytellers as Tutors in Technique: Changes in the Agents of Character Formation (Continued)

83

(26)

Song and Story in the Stage of Tradition-direction

85

(2)

Chimney-corner Media

85

(1)

Tales of Norm and ``Abnorm''

86

(1)

The Socializing Functions of Print in the Stage of Inner-direction

87

(9)

The Whip of the Word

89

(2)

Models in Print

91

(4)

The Oversteered Child

95

(1)

The Mass Media in the Stage of Other-direction

96

(13)

The Child Market

96

(3)

Winner Take All?

99

(5)

Tootle: a Modern Cautionary Tale

104

(3)

Areas of Freedom

107

(2)

The Inner-directed Round of Life

109

(17)

Men at Work

111

(5)

The Economic Problem: the Hardness of the Material

111

(4)

Ad Astra per Aspera

115

(1)

The Side Show of Pleasure

116

(7)

The Acquisitive Consumer

117

(2)

Away from It All

119

(1)

Onward and Upward with the Arts

120

(1)

Feet on the Rail

121

(2)

The Struggle for Self-approval

123

(3)

The Other-directed Round of Life: from Invisible Hand to Glad Hand

126

(15)

The Economic Problem: the Human Element

127

(10)

From Craft Skill to Manipulative Skill

129

(2)

From Free Trade to Fair Trade

131

(4)

From the Bank Account to the Expense Account

135

(2)

The Milky Way

137

(4)

The Other-directed Round of Life (Continued): The Night Shift

141

(22)

Changes in the Symbolic Meaning of Food and Sex

142

(7)

From the Wheat Bowl to the Salad Bowl

142

(3)

Sex: the Last Frontier

145

(4)

Changes in the Mode of Consumption of Popular Culture

149

(10)

Entertainment as Adjustment to the Group

149

(2)

Handling the Office

151

(1)

Handling the Home

152

(1)

Heavy Harmony

153

(2)

Lonely Successes

155

(1)

Good-bye to Escape?

156

(3)

The Two Types Compared

159

(4)

PART II. POLITICS

Tradition-directed, Inner-directed, and Other-directed Political Styles; Indifferents, Moralizers, Inside-dopesters

163

(25)

The Indifferents

165

(7)

Old Style

165

(2)

New Style

167

(5)

The Moralizers

172

(8)

The Style of the Moralizer-in-power

173

(4)

The Style of the Moralizer-in-retreat

177

(3)

The Inside-dopesters

180

(8)

The Balance Sheet of Inside Dope

182

(6)

Political Persuasions: Indignation and Tolerance

188

(18)

Politics as an Object of Consumption

190

(2)

The Media as Tutors in Tolerance

192

(5)

Tolerance and the Cult of Sincerity

193

(2)

Sincerity and Cynicism

195

(2)

Do the Media Escape From Politics?

197

(3)

The Reservoir of Indignation

200

(4)

``In Dreams Begin Responsibilities''

204

(2)

Images of Power

206

(19)

The Leaders and the Led

206

(7)

Captains of Industry and Captains of Consumption

207

(6)

Who Has the Power?

213

(12)

The Veto Groups

213

(4)

Is There a Ruling Class Left?

217

(8)

Americans and Kwakiutls

225

(14)

PART III: AUTONOMY

Adjustment or Autonomy?

239

(22)

The Adjusted, the Anomic, the Autonomous

240

(9)

The Autonomous Among the Inner-directed

249

(6)

The Autonomous Among the Other-directed

255

(6)

Bohemia

258

(1)

Sex

258

(1)

Tolerance

259

(2)

False Personalization: Obstacles to Autonomy in Work

261

(15)

Cultural Definitions of Work

261

(3)

Glamorizers, Featherbedders, Indispensables

264

(5)

White-collar Personalization: toward Glamor

264

(3)

The Conversation of the Classes: Factory Model

267

(2)

The Club of Indispensables

269

(1)

The Overpersonalized Society

269

(7)

The Automat versus the Glad Hand

271

(5)

Enforced Privatization: Obstacles to Autonomy in Play

276

(10)

The Denial of Sociability

277

(3)

Sociability and the Privatization of Women

280

(3)

Packaged Sociabilities

283

(3)

The Problem of Competence: Obstacles to Autonomy in Play (Continued)

286

(18)

The Play's the Thing

286

(4)

The Forms of Competence

290

(9)

Consumership: Postgraduate Course

290

(2)

The Possibilities of Craftmanship

292

(5)

The Newer Criticism in the Realm of Taste

297

(2)

The Avocational Counselors

299

(2)

Freeing the Child Market

301

(3)

Autonomy and Utopia

304

(5)

Index

309

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The Lonely Crowd; A Study of the Changing American Character, Abridged and revised edition

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials