- ISBN: 9781259154966 | 1259154963
- Cover: Loose-leaf
- Copyright: 1/10/2014
Just as a panoramic image provides a broad view, Panorama provides a ground-breaking, broad view of the world’s history by reaching across regional boundaries and highlighting large-scale, global patterns. Panorama’s easily understood chronology, coupled with its innovative, proven digital tools, ensures that learners are always moving forward as they study change and continuity across time, assess knowledge gaps, and mold critical thinking skills. The result is improved course performance through greater understanding of our world’s past, its large-scale global trends, and its impact on and relevance to 21st-century students.
Introduction
The Earth: World History’s Theater
The Big Land Masses: The Main Stage of History
Moving Land Masses
Seven Continents, or Only Five?
Afroeurasia
The Great Arid Zone
The Tropical Belt
The Northern Latitudes of Temperate Climate
Afroeurasia’s Mountain Spine
The Eleven Seas
Rivers
Australia
North and South America
Connecting the Americas
The Americas’ Long Cordillera
Rivers and Seas
The Oceans
PART ONE: SETTLING THE PLANET
Beginnings to the First Millennium B.C.E.
Chapter 1
The Peopling of the World: 7,000,000-10,000 B.C.E.
Human Ancestors in Africa and Beyond
Early Hominin Evolution
Well-Traveled Hominins
INDIVIDUALS MATTER The Turkana Boy: A Distant Ancestor
Other Traveling Hominins
Modern Humans in Africa: The First 100,000 Years
The Debut of Homo Sapiens
The Power of Language
Colonizing the World
The Roads from Africa
South to Australia
Colonizers of Europe
The American Frontier
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE The Kennewick Man Controversy
Why Did Homo Sapiens People the Earth?
Homo Sapiens: The Last Surviving Hominin
Why People Look Different
Global Culture of the Upper Paleolithic
Dawn of a Multicultural World
Social and Economic Life
Technical Wonders
A World of Symbols
Chapter 2
Farms, Cities, and the New Agrarian Age: 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
The Coming of Farmers: A Peculiar Event
Early Farming and the Big Thaw
The Drift toward Domestication
Neolithic Innovations
The Spread of Agrarian Societies
Sunrise over the Village
Super Villages
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Ötzi: A Neolithic Traveler
Early Complex Societies
Irrigation and Complex Society in Mesopotamia
Complex Society on the Nile
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE A Pharaoh's Warning in Stone
Harappan Society in the Indus Valley
Interregional Communication and Commerce
Complex Societies and the Environment
Chapter 3
Afroeurasia’s Moving Frontiers: Farmers, Herders, and Charioteers: 3000-1000 B.C.E.
Across Afroeurasia: More Farmers, More Cities
The Cavalcade of Inventions
Complex Society and Commerce in the Mediterranean Basin
Developments in Western Europe
The Oxus Civilization of Central Asia
Complex Society in East Asia
Pastoral Peoples Ride into History
Horses, Riders, and Wagons
Pastoral Nomadic Society
Encounters between Agrarian Societies and Migrating Peoples
Indo-European-Speakers in Southwest Asia: The Hittite Empire
States of Mesopotamia and Syria
From Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom in the Nile Valley
Rivalry and Diplomacy among Militarized Kingdoms
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE “Here Is the Situation”: The King of Alashiya Writes to the Pharaoh of Egypt
Early Greeks
Indo-Europeans in Iran and South Asia
Indo-Europeans and Chariots from the Far West to the Far East
INDIVIDUALS MATTER The Beauty of Xiaohe: A Woman of the Steppes
Developments in the Tropical Belt
Herders and Farmers South of the Sahara Desert
Austronesian Farmers in Southeast Asia
Chapter 4
Early Odysseys in the Americas, Australia, and Oceania: 8000 – 500 B.C.E.
Farmers and Platform-Builders in the Americas
American Farmer Power
Platform-Builders of Norte Chico
Andean Societies in the Second Millennium B.C.E.
The Mesoamerican Zone of Intercommunication
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE The Olmec Heads
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Harvester Mountain Lord: A Mesoamerican King
North of Mexico
Change in Australia
Change over the Long Term
A Continent without Farmers
Pioneers on the Pacific Frontier
Colonizers of Near Oceania
Into Remote Oceania
PART TWO: AGRARIAN SOCIETIES AND THEIR INTERCONNECTIONS, 1200 B.C.E-300 C.E.
Chapter 5
Afroeurasia: Centers of Power, Trade, and New Ideas: 1200-600 B.C.E.
The Clang of Iron
The Spread of Iron: The Southwest Asian Epicenter
The Spread of Iron: The Tropical African Epicenter
Iron’s Benefits and Costs
Warfare, Empire-Building, and Trade in Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean Lands
Twelfth Century Troubles
The Neo-Assyrian Empire
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Adad-Guppi: Babylonian Priestess and Queen Mother
The Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism
Phoenicians and Greeks: Trade and Migration
Woodland Europe and the Mediterranean World
Nubia on the Nile Corridor
South Asia: A New Era of City-Building
New Cities and Kingdoms
The Development of the South Asian Class System
Brahmins and Brahmanism
The East Asian Sphere
The Era of the Western and Eastern Zhou
Destruction and Innovation during the Later Zhou Period
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE The Book of Songs
Chapter 6
Empire-Building and Cultural Exchange from India to the Mediterranean: 600-200 B.C.E.
Persia Ascending
Empire-Building on a New Scale
The Achaemenids as “Universal” Rulers
The Persian Empire as Communications Hub
The Achaemenids and the Teachings of Zoroaster
Achaemenid Multiculturalism
Inventive Greeks
Government and Society in the Greek City-States
The Flowering of Athens
Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Era
Alexander’s Short, Brilliant Career
Foundations of the Hellenistic World
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Queen Arsinoe II, Ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt
Cultural Trends
Buddhism and the Maurya Empire in India
Foundations of Buddhism
The Reign of Ashoka Maurya
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Rock Edicts of the Emperor Ashoka
Cavalry and Caravans in Inner Eurasia
Nomad Power
Early Times on the Silk Roads
Chapter 7
An Age of Giant Empires: 300 B.C.E. - 300 C.E.
Rome and Mediterranean Unification
Rome the Republic
Rome the Empire
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Boudicca, British Rebel Leader
The Era of the Han Empire in East Asia
The Qin Dynasty and the First Emperor
The Han State and the Ascendance of Confucianism
States between Rome and China
The Xiongnu and Their Relations with Han China
The Parthian and Kushana Empires
The African Kingdoms of Kush and Axum
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Trade in the African Port of Adulis
Bridges across Afroeurasia
East-West Interregional Trade
The First Missionary Religions
Chapter 8
American Complexities: 900 B.C.E – 900 C.E.
The Spread of Complex Societies in North America
Empire Builders of Teotihuacán
Zapotec Civilization in the Oaxaca Valley
The Innovative Maya
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Lady Xoc, An Aristocrat Woman in Maya Politics
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE A Maya Bible: An Account of Creation in the Popol Vuh
Developments in Upper North America
South America: Complex Societies along the Andean Spine
Andes Urbanization: The Example of Chavín de Huantar
Back to the Coast: The Moche Society
The Nazca
Troubles in the Sixth Century
PART THREE: SHIFTING POWER, THICKENING WEBS, 200-1000 C.E.
Chapter 9
Turbulent Centuries: 200-600 C.E.
The Shifting Map of Empires
Turbulence in Inner Eurasia
China after the Han Empire: Growth without Unity
The Sasanids: A New Power in Persia
Crisis and Recovery in the Roman Empire
The Huns and the Collapse of the Western Empire
The Mediterranean Fractured
A New Empire in South Asia
Religions for Troubled Times
The Buddhist Web
The Christian Web
INDIVIDUALS MATTER St. Augustine of Hippo: Christian Theologian
The Manichean Way
Tropical Africa: Farmers, Towns, and Iron
The Nok Culture
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE The Sculpture of Nok: What Might It Tell Us?
The African East and South
Southeast Asian Contributions to African Society
Chapter 10
Afroeurasia in the Era of Arab Empire: 500-800 C.E.
New Empires of Steppe and Desert
Empires along the Silk Roads
The Arab State and the Emergence of Islam
The Arab Muslim Empire
Christian Societies in Europe and Africa
The Byzantine Empire Holds Its Own
Christian Society in Europe
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Two Views of the Battle of Tours
Dwindling Christian Society in North Africa
East Asia: Return to Unity in China
The Tang State
Migrations to the South
Cultural Integration
INDIVIDUALS MATTER The Empress Wu: Patron of Buddhism
Chapter 11
State Power and Expanding Networks of Exchange: 750-1000 C.E.
Muslim Power and Prosperity
From Damascus to Baghdad: The Abbasid Empire
Rival Centers of Muslim Power
The Byzantine Resurgence
Islam on New Frontiers
A "Green Revolution" in Muslim Lands
Muslim Urban Society
The Stream of Ideas
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Abu Bakr al-Razi, Muslim Physician
Cities, Merchants, and Kingdoms along the Chain of Seas
Trade of the Arabian Sea
The Maritime Empire of Srivijaya
Chinese Trade and the Fate of the Tang Dynasty
Japan and Korea at the Eastern End of the Chain of Seas
The Sahara Rim: A New Zone of Intercommunication
Gold and Slaves, Copper and Salt
The Empire of Ghana
Europe’s Struggle for Stability
Muslims and Magyars
The Viking Adventure
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Bjarni Herjolfsson and the Viking Discovery of America
The Changing Shape of Western Europe
PART FOUR: INTERCONNECTIONS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES, 900-1500
Chapter 12
Dynamic Centuries across Afroeurasia: 1000-1250
The East Asian Powerhouse in the Song Era
The Elements of China's Prosperity
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Dining Out in Hangzhou
Governing China in an Era of Change
China and Its Near Neighbors
Japan within and without the Chinese Sphere
China in the Hemisphere
Conquerors and Migrants in the Muslim Lands
Turkic Horse Power
Muslim Ships on the Mediterranean
New Empires in the Western Mediterranean
Cultural Trends in the Muslim Lands
Foundations of Urban Civilization in Europe
Warm Weather, Better Plows
New Order in Political Life
INDIVIDUALS MATTER King Philip II: phrase to come
The Expansion of Western Christendom
European commercial power in the Mediterranean
Western Europe’s Cultural Style
Chapter 13
Afroeurasia in the Era of Mongol Power: 1200-1350
The Ascendance of the Mongol Empires
Chingis Khan’s Path of Conquest
Explaining Mongol Power
Mongol Expansion after Chingis
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Sorghaghtani Beki: Descriptive TK
Mongol Murderers: A Deserved Reputation?
The Ambiguous Mongol Peace
Silk Road Traffic
Slaves, Diplomats, and Career-Seekers
Cross-Fertilization in Science and Technology
The Changing Religious Map
Profit and Power in the Southern Seas
Trade and State-Building in Southeast Asia
The South Asian Pivot
East and Southern Africa in the Indian Ocean World
Urban Society in Europe
Many Governments and Languages
Private Groups and Charters
The Flow of Ideas
Trans-Saharan Connections
North Africa between the Mediterranean and the Sahara
The Mali Empire
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Ibn Battuta Assesses the Mali Empire
Other West African Kingdoms
Chapter 14
Cities and Empires in the Americas: 900-1500
American Societies in an Age of Environmental Change
The Mound Builders of Cahokia
Ancestral Puebloans on the Colorado Plateau
Maya, Mixtec, and Toltec
The Coming of the Nahuas
The Caribbean and Amazonia
States of the Andes
American Empires in the Fifteenth Century
The Aztec Empire
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Nezahualcoyotl: Political Strategist, Survivor, and Poet
The Incas
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Chastity and Marriage in Inca Society
Chapter 15
Calamities and Recoveries across Afroeurasia: 1300-1500
Environmental Crises of the Fourteenth Century
Downpour and Drought
The Great Pestilence
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Perspectives on the Black Death
Crises in the Political and Social Realms
China: The Collapse of Mongol Rule
Political and Economic Troubles in the Central Muslim Lands
The Conquests of Timur
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Ibn Khaldun: A Thinker for Modern Times
Europe in the Aftermath of the Black Death
Fifteenth-Century Recuperation
Technologies for the Future
Ming China: New Prosperity and a Maritime Thrust
South Asia: A Steadier Course of Change
Astronomy and Empire-Building in the Central Muslim Lands
The Meaning of Recovery in Europe
PART FIVE: THE GREAT WORLD CONVERGENCE, 1450-1750
Chapter 16
Oceans Crossed, Worlds Connected: 1450-1550
On the Eve of the Great World Convergence
Changes in the Afroeurasian Trade Network
The Eastern Atlantic Rim
States in the Americas
The Birth of the Atlantic World
Changing Maritime Technology
Europeans and West Africans: Early Encounters
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Martin Behaim’s Fifteenth-Century Globe
Columbus’s Atlantic Crossing
American Catastrophes
American Death and the Columbian Exchange
The End of the Aztec Empire
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Malinche and Cortés: Descriptive Phrase tk
Assault on the Inca Empire
Spanish Empire-Building
Portuguese Stakes in Brazil
New Power Relations in the Southern Seas
To Capture the Spice Trade
The Trans-Pacific Link
Chapter 17
Afroeurasia and Its Powerful States: 1500-1600
Afroeurasia’s Political Panorama
The Ottoman Empire’s Dramatic Expansion
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE A European Ambassador Compares Armies
The Safavid Empire of Persia
Mughal Power in South Asia
Russia: From Principality to Empire
Japan and the Tokugawa
Strong Monarchies in Southeast Asia
The European States
The Songhay Empire
The New Era of Guns
New and Deadly Armies
The Military Revolution
The Limits of Central Power
Trends in Religion, Language, and Culture
Intellectual and Moral Ferment in China
Tension between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims
Religious Crisis in Europe
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Gracia Luna Mendez Nasi: A Sixteenth-Century Business Woman
Vernacular Languages and the State
Languages of Cultural Prestige
Chapter 18
The Expanding Global Economy: Expectations and Inequalities: 1550-1700
The Global Network Takes Shape
Technology and Organization for Global Exchange
The Continuing Columbian Exchange
Afroeurasia and the Expanding World Economy
Western Europe’s Economic Surge
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Louis De Geer: A Capitalist Success Story
Centuries of Silver in East Asia
Asians and Europeans in the Southern Seas
Overland Trade on the Silk Roads
The Atlantic Economy: Land, Capital, and Slave Labor
The Atlantic Economy and African Slavery
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Servants and Slaves on a Barbabos Sugar Plantation
Change in Atlantic Africa
Chapter 19
The Changing Balance of Wealth and Power: 1650-1750
Empires and Big States
Chinese Prosperity and Imperialism
Russia from the Pacific to Poland
The Spanish Empire in America
Europe: Successes and Failures of Absolutism
European Settlement and the Fate of Indigenous Peoples
Early European Settlers in North America
Russian Settlement of Siberia
European and Khoisan in South Africa
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE The Journal of a Dutch Commander at the Cape of Good Hope
Alternative Visions of God, Nature, and the Universe
The Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment: Rethinking Human Nature and Society
The Continuing Growth of Islam and Christianity
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita: A Visionary Christian of the Kongo
PART SIX: THE MODERN WORLD TAKES SHAPE, 1750-1914
Chapter 20
Waves of Revolution: 1720-1830
World Economy and Politics, 1720-1763
A Commercializing World
Troubled Empires in Asia
Global Sea Trade and the Eighteenth-Century “World War”
Revolutions on the North Atlantic Rim
The Global Context of Popular Revolt
The War of Independence in North America
The French Revolution
The Idea of Nationalism
The Birth of Haiti
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Toussaint Louverture Writes to the French Directory
The Second Wave: Revolutions in Latin America
Colonial Society on the Eve of Rebellion
The Wars of Independence
INDIVIDUALS MATTER José de San Martín: Descriptive Phrase tk
Many Young States
Chapter 21
Energy and Industrialization: 1750-1850
The Energy Revolution
The Fuel that Lies Beneath
The End of the Biological Old Regime
Industry on a New Scale
Cotton and the Drift to Industrialization
Mines and Machines
Working in Factories
Was There Something Special about Britain?
Social and Environmental Consequences of Early Industrialization
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Ned Ludd: Legendary Foe of Industry
Industrialization and Global Trade in the Early Nineteenth Century
The Energy Revolution Takes Hold
The Threads of Commerce
Free Trade and the New Doctrine of Liberalism
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE On Legalizing Opium in China
Chapter 22
Coping with Change in the New Industrial Era: 1830-1870
Waves of Migrants
The End of the Atlantic Slave Trade
The Outpouring from Europe
Neo-Europes and the Fates of Indigenous Peoples
Migrations of Asians and Africans
Oceania Connected
Groundswells of Political and Social Reform
Nationalism and the Power of the People
Varieties of Socialism
Movements for Women’s Rights
Movements for Political Reform and Unification in Europe
Modernizing Reforms in Muslim Lands
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE A Moroccan Diplomat in France
The Limits of Liberalism in Latin America
Religion and Reform
Global Trends and Religious Change
Christian Evangelism
Jewish Reform
Religious Reform and Revolution in the Muslim World
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Ram Mohan Roy: Hindu Reformer
Global Change and the Calamitous Wars of Mid-Century
The Crimean War and the Industrialization of Violence
Paraguay: A War of Annihilation
The Taiping Rebellion in China
The Indian Rebellion
The American Civil War
Chapter 23
Capital, Technology, and the Changing Balance of Global Power: 1860-1914
The Spread of Steam-Powered Industry
Wealthy Britain
Industrial Hubs in Europe and the United States
Smokestacks in Russia
The Meiji Restoration and Japanese Industry
Industrialization on Smaller Scales: Gains and Disappointments
Capitalism’s Global Reach
The World-Wide Communications Grid
Feeding Industrial Societies
Rich Regions, Poor Regions
The Lot of the Urban Working Classes
Globalizing Business, Technology, and Science
European Imperialism and Popular Resistance
The Road to Colonialism in Africa and Southeast Asia
Why did European Invasions Succeed?
Resistance Movements and Their Consequences
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Contrasting Perspectives on War in East Africa
States that Survived
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Chulalongkorn: Descriptive Phrase TK
PART SEVEN: THE PROMISE AND PERILS OF ACCELERATING CHANGE, 1890-PRESENT
Chapter 24
Innovation, Revolution, and Global Crisis: 1890-1920
Turn-of-the-Century Prosperity, 1890-1914
Commerce and Gold
Urbanization and Migration
Scientific and Technical Advances
Global Inequities and Their Consequences
Drought and Plague
Africa and Southeast Asia under New Colonial Rulers
Worker Protest and Nationalist Ferment in Europe
Five Revolutions
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Qiu Jin: Social Reformer
The Great War, 1914-1918
Lighting the Fuse
A World at War
Total War
Russia: From War to Revolution
Peace and Consequences
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Arab Independence that Was Not to Be
Chapter 25
Turbulent Decades: 1918-1935
Postwar Trends in Society and Culture
Population Trends
New Ways of Living in the Industrialized World
Scientific Challenges to the Knowable Universe
Modernity and Modernism
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Diego Rivera: Mexican Modernist
Clashing Ideologies in the Political Arena
Democratic Hopes
The Soviet Union: Communist Authoritarianism
Nationalists and Communists in China
New Governments on the Political Right
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Turkish Views on Dress and National Identity
Left and Right in Latin America
Colonial Rule and its Opponents in Africa and Asia
Economy and Society in the Colonial Empires
Ways of Ruling
Foreign Immigrants in Colonized Lands
Colonial Rule Contested
The Great Depression and its Consequences
The Steep Descent
Depression and the Continuing Trend toward Authoritarian Leaders
Chapter 26
World War II and Its Aftermath: 1933-1950
Empire-Building And Global Crisis
Empire of the Sun
The Nazi State
Italy’s Foreign Exploits
Fascist Dictatorship in Spain
The Greatest War
The Years of Axis Victory, 1939-1942
The Years of Counteroffensive, 1942-1945
The Second Total War
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Olga Lisikova: Soviet Combat Pilot
The War beyond the Theaters of War
The War and the Global Environment
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Propaganda for Wartime Conservation
In The Wake Of War, 1945-1950
Restoring Stability, Enforcing Justice
The Two New Empires
World War II and the Challenge to Colonial Empires
Communist Victory in China
Chapter 27
The Global Boom and Its Contradictions: 1945-1975
Population And Economy: An Era Of Spectacular Growth
Global Population at Its Crest
The Postwar Economic Boom
Economic Growth in Communist States
The Worldwide Lure of Industrialization
Cities, Suburbs, and Shantytowns
Postwar Consumer Society
The Biosphere Disturbed
The Cold War Wears On
The Era of MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)
The Cold War Goes Global
Fights For Freedom And Justice
Paths to Independence: Politics and Protest
Paths to Independence: Insurgency and Revolution
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE Frantz Fanon on the Shortcomings of the National Bourgeoisie
Struggles for Stability in Young States
High Expectations and Social Protest
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Alexander Dubček: Descriptive Phrase TK
Chapter 28
Countercurrents of Change:1970 to the Present
An Electrified World
The Era of the Integrated Circuit
The Electronics of Transport
Computers and the Body
Unintended Consequences of Electronic Innovation
Countercurrents in the Global Economy
The 1970s: An Economic Turning Point
Conflicting Capitalist Doctrines
Shifting Centers of Economic Power
WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE An Artist's Comment on Capitalism in China
The Persistence of Poverty
Migration and the Global Economy
Countercurrents in the Search for Global Order
The World State System since 1970
A World of Organizations
Disorder and Breakdown in an Era of Global Integration
Palestinians and Israelis
Into the Anthropocene
Environment and Environmentalism
INDIVIDUALS MATTER Wangari Maathai: Environmental Activist and Nobel Laureate
The Perils of Climate Change
Conclusion
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