M2M Communications A Systems Approach

David Boswarthick, ETSI, France
David has been extensively involved in the standardization activities of mobile, fixed and convergent networks in both the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for over 10 years. He is currently involved in the M2M standards group which is defining an end to end architecture and requirements for multiple M2M applications including Smart Metering, healthcare and enhanced home living. David holds a Master's Degree in Networks and Distributed systems from the University of Nice and Sophia Antipolis, France.

Omar Elloumi, Alcatel-Lucent, France
Omar is currently a standardization manager at Alcatel-Lucent. He received his degree in Engineering from Universite de Rennes I.

Olivier Hersent, Consultant, France
Olivier Hersent was the founder of NetCentrex and former CTO of Comverse Inc., and previously worked as an R&D Engineer at Orange/France Telecom. He studied finance, quantum physics and psychology at the Ecole Polytechnique from 1991-1994 and is now an independent consultant.
The contributors will include the Editors' colleagues from Alcatel-Lucent amongst others.

List of Contributors

List of Acronyms

1 Introduction to M2M

1.1 What is M2M?

1.2 The Business of M2M

1.3 Accelerating M2M Maturity

1.3.1 High-Level M2M Frameworks

1.3.2 Policy and Government Incentives

1.4 M2M Standards

1.4.1 Which Standards for M2M?

1.5 Roadmap of the Book

References

Part I M2M CURRENT LANDSCAPE

2 The Business of M2M

2.1 The M2M Market

2.1.1 Healthcare

2.1.2 Transportation

2.1.3 Energy

2.2 The M2M Market Adoption: Drivers and Barriers

2.3 The M2M Value Chain

2.4 Market Size Projections

2.5 Business Models

2.5.1 Network Operator- or CSP-Led Model

2.5.2 MVNO-Led Model

2.5.3 Corporate Customer-Led Model

2.6 M2M Business Metrics

2.7 Market Evolution

Reference

3 Lessons Learned from Early M2M Deployments

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Early M2M Operational Deployments

3.2.1 Introduction

3.2.2 Early M2M Operational Deployment Examples

3.2.3 Common Questions in Early M2M Deployments

3.2.4 Possible Optimization of M2M Deployments

3.3 Chapter Conclusion

Reference

Part II M2M ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS

4 M2M Requirements and High-Level Architectural Principles

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Use-Case-Driven Approach to M2M Requirements

4.2.1 What is a Use Case?

4.2.2 ETSI M2M Work on Use Cases

4.2.3 Methodology for Developing Use Cases

4.3 Smart Metering Approach in ETSI M2M

4.3.1 Introduction

4.3.2 Typical Smart Metering Deployment Scenario

4.4 eHealth Approach in ETSI M2M

4.4.1 Introduction

4.5 ETSI M2M Service Requirements: High-Level Summary and Applicability to Different Market Segments

4.6 Traffic Models-/Characteristics-Approach to M2M Requirements and Considerations for Network Architecture Design

4.6.1 Why Focus on Wireless Networks?

4.7 Description of M2M Market Segments/Applications

4.7.1 Automotive

4.7.2 Smart Telemetry

4.7.3 Surveillance and Security

4.7.4 Point of Sale (PoS)

4.7.5 Vending Machines

4.7.6 eHealth

4.7.7 Live Video

4.7.8 Building Automation

4.7.9 M2M Industrial Automation

4.8 M2M Traffic Characterization

4.8.1 Detailed Traffic Characterization for Smart Metering

4.8.2 Global Traffic Characterization

4.9 High-Level Architecture Principles for M2M Communications

4.10 Chapter Conclusions

References

5 ETSI M2M Services Architecture

5.1 Introduction

5.2 High-Level System Architecture

5.3 ETSI TC M2M Service Capabilities Framework

5.4 ETSI TC M2M Release 1 Scenarios

5.5 ETSI M2M Service Capabilities

5.5.1 Reachability, Addressing, and Repository Capability (xRAR)

5.5.2 Remote Entity Management Capability (x REM)

5.5.3 Security Capability (xSEC)

5.6 Introducing REST Architectural Style for M2M

5.6.1 Introduction to REST

5.6.2 Why REST for M2M?

5.6.3 REST Basics

5.6.4 Applying REST to M2M

5.6.5 Additional Functionalities

5.7 ETSI TC M2M Resource-Based M2M Communication and Procedures

5.7.1 Introduction

5.7.2 Definitions Used in this Section

5.7.3 Resource Structure

5.7.4 Interface Procedures

5.8 Chapter Conclusion

References

6 M2M Optimizations in Public Mobile Networks

6.1 Chapter Overview

6.2 M2M over a Telecommunications Network

6.2.1 Introduction

6.2.2 M2M Communication Scenarios

6.2.3 Mobile or Fixed Networks

6.2.4 Data Connections for M2M Applications

6.3 Network Optimizations for M2M

6.3.1 Introduction

6.3.2 3GPP Standardization of Network Improvements for Machine Type Communications

6.3.3 Cost Reduction

6.3.4 M2M Value-Added Services

6.3.5 Numbering, Identifiers, and Addressing

6.3.6 Triggering Optimizations

6.3.7 Overload and Congestion Control

References

7 The Role of IP in M2M

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 IPv6 in Brief

7.1.2 Neighbor Discovery Protocol

7.2 IPv6 for M2M

7.3 6LoWPAN

7.3.1 Framework

7.3.2 Header Compression

7.3.3 Neighbor Discovery

7.4 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)

7.4.1 RPL Topology

7.5 CoRE

7.5.1 Message Formats

7.5.2 Transport Protocol

7.5.3 REST Architecture

References

8 M2M Security

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Security Characteristics of Cellular M2M

8.2 Trust Relationships in the M2M Ecosystem

8.3 Security Requirements

8.3.1 Customer/M2M Device User

8.3.2 Access Network Provider

8.3.3 M2M Service Provider

8.3.4 Application Provider

8.3.5 Bootstrapping Requirements

8.4 Which Types of Solutions are Suitable?

8.4.1 Approaches Against Hijacking

8.4.2 Public Key Solutions

8.4.3 Smart Card-Based Solutions

8.4.4 Methods Based on Pre-Provisioned Symmetric Keys

8.4.5 Protocol for Automated Bootstrapping Based on Identity-Based Encryption

8.4.6 Security for Groups of M2M Devices

8.5 Standardization Efforts on Securing M2M and MTC Communications

8.5.1 ETSI M2M Security

8.5.2 3GPP Security Related to Network Improvements for Machine Type Communications

References

9 M2M Terminals and Modules

9.1 M2M Module Categorization

9.1.1 Access Technology

9.1.2 Physical Form Factors

9.2 Hardware Interfaces

9.2.1 Power Interface

9.2.2 USB (Universal Serial Bus) Interface

9.2.3 UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/ Transmitter) Interface

9.2.4 Antenna Interface

9.2.5 UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card) Interface

9.2.6 GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output Port) Interface

9.2.7 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) Interface

9.2.8 I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus) Interface

9.2.9 ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) Interface

9.2.10 PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) Interface

9.2.11 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Interface

9.2.12 Analog Audio Interface

9.3 Temperature and Durability

9.4 Services

9.4.1 Application Execution Environment

9.4.2 Connectivity Services

9.4.3 Management Services

9.4.4 Application Services

9.5 Software Interface

9.5.1 AT Commands

9.5.2 SDK Interface

9.6 Cellular Certification

9.6.1 Telecom Industry Certification

9.6.2 MNO Certification

10 Smart Cards in M2M Communication

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Security and Privacy Issues in M2M Communication

10.3 The Grounds for Hardware-Based Security Solutions

10.4 Independent Secure Elements and Trusted Environments

10.4.1 Trusted Environments in M2M Devices

10.4.2 Trusting Unknown Devices: The Need for Security Certification

10.4.3 Advantages of the Smart Card Model

10.5 Specific Smart Card Properties for M2M Environments

10.5.1 Removable Smart Cards versus Embedded Secure Elements

10.5.2 UICC Resistance to Environmental Constraints

10.5.3 Adapting the Card Application Toolkit to Unattended Devices

10.5.4 Reaching UICC Peripheral Devices with Toolkit Commands

10.5.5 Confidential Remote Management of Third-Party Applications

10.6 Smart Card Future Evolutions in M2M Environments

10.6.1 UICC-Based M2M Service Identity Module Application

10.6.2 Internet Protocol Integration of the UICC

10.7 Remote Administration of M2M Secure Elements

10.7.1 Overview

10.7.2 Late Personalization of Subscription

10.7.3 Remote Management of Subscriptions on the Field

References

Part III BOOK CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE VISION

11 Conclusions

Index

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