Macromolecules Containing Metal and

Metal and metalloid-containing compounds exhibit a wide range of biological and biocidal activities, some of which have been employed in medicines and drugs. Polymers containing metal or metalloid functions become a natural extension of this effort; just as organic compound drugs have been chemically bound to polymers or physically imbibed into polymer matrices in order to provide a variety of useful advantages, the same opportunities exist for using metal and metalloid species. This volume will cover important biomedical applications of organometallic compounds, including metal-labeled DNA on surfaces, artificial metallo-DNA, organotin molecules as anti-cancer drugs, and much more. * Provides useful descriptions of biomedical applications for the reader to apply in his/her research into materials, polymers, and medicine/drug development. * Edited by high-quality team of macromolecular experts from around the world

Dr. Alaa Abd-El-Aziz is Professor of Chemistry and the Associate Vice-President of Research & Graduate Studies at the University of Winnipeg. <p> Dr. Charles Carraher is Professor of Chemistry at Florida Atlantic University and Associate Director of the Florida Center for Environmental Studies. <p> Dr. Charles Pittman has a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Lafayette College and a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Pennsylvania State University. He completed postdoctoral studies with G. A. Olah, and served on active duty at the U.S. Army University of Alabama. He was appointed Full Professor in 1975 and University Research Professor in 1977. Dr. Pittman came to Mississippi State in 1983 as Professor of Industrial Chemistry and Catalysis. He is also Research Director of the University/Industry Chemical Research Center. <p> Martin Zeldin is a Visiting Professor of Chemistry at the Hobart and William Smith Colleges. He received his Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry in 1968 from Pennsylvania State University. <p> John Sheats is the Chairperson of the Department of Chemistry and a Professor of Chemistry at Rider University.

Preface	p. xi
Series Preface	p. xiii
Organometallic Compounds in Biomedical Applications	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Case for Metal-Containing Bioactive Agents	p. 4
Tin-Containing Biocidal Polymers	p. 5
Ferrocene: A Therapeutic Role in Polymeric Systems?	p. 6
Polymeric Moderation of OsO[subscript 4] Toxicity	p. 7
Miscellaneous Polymers	p. 7
Metal Chelation Polymers	p. 7
Condensation Polymers	p. 9
Small-Molecule Analogs	p. 11
Summary	p. 16
References	p. 16
Metal-Labeled DNA on Surfaces	p. 19
Introduction	p. 20
Ferrocene Nucleotides	p. 20
Ferrocene-DNA Conjugates	p. 22
Other Metal-DNA Conjugates	p. 34
Metallated DNA	p. 36
Cu-DNA	p. 36
M-DNA	p. 37
Summary	p. 43
Acknowledgments	p. 43
References	p. 43
Artificial DNA through Metal-Mediated Base Pairing: Structural Control and Discrete Metal Assembly	p. 45
Introduction	p. 46
Alternative Hydrogen-Bonding Schemes for DNA Base Pairing	p. 46
Non-Hydrogen-Bonding Basepairs in DNA	p. 48
Metal-Mediated Base Pairing in DNA	p. 49
Basic Concept	p. 49
Artificial Nucleosides Designed for Metal-Mediated Base Pairs	p. 49
Incorporation of a Metallo-Base Pair in DNA and Its Effect on Thermal Stability	p. 50
Discrete Self-Assembled Metal Arrays in DNA	p. 52
Future Prospects for Artificial Metallo-DNA	p. 54
Summary	p. 54
References	p. 55
Organotin Macromolecules as Anticancer Drugs	p. 57
General	p. 58
Anticancer Activity of Small Organotin Compounds	p. 59
Molecule-Level Studies on Monomeric Organotin Compounds	p. 62
Anticancer Activity of Organotin Polymers	p. 65
Future Work	p. 70
References	p. 70
Organotin Oligomeric Drugs Containing the Antivirial Agent Acyclovir	p. 75
Early History of Organotin Compounds	p. 76
Mechanisms and Reactions	p. 76
General Structures	p. 77
Acyclovir	p. 80
Bioactivity of Related Compounds	p. 81
Experimental Work	p. 82
Results and Discussion	p. 83
References	p. 86
Polymeric Ferrocene Conjugates as Antiproliferative Agents	p. 89
Introduction	p. 90
The Ferrocene-Ferricenium System in the Biological Environment	p. 92
Polymer-Drug Conjugation as a Pharmaceutical Tool for Drug Delivery	p. 98
Polymer-Ferrocene Conjugates: Synthesis and Structure	p. 100
The Carrier Component: Structural Considerations	p. 101
Conjugates of Amide-Linked Ferrocene	p. 102
Conjugates of Ester-Linked Ferrocene	p. 109
Bioactivity Screening	p. 110
Summary and Conclusions	p. 113
Acknowledgments	p. 115
References	p. 115
Polymeric Platinum-Containing Drugs in the Treatment of Cancer	p. 119
Introduction	p. 120
Basic Mechanisms of Pt(II) Complex Formation	p. 121
Nomenclature	p. 125
Currently Approved Platinum-Containing Compounds	p. 125
Properties of Cisplatin	p. 127
Structure-Activity Relationships	p. 130
Polymer-Drug Conjugation Strategy and Possible Benefits	p. 133
Polymers as Carriers	p. 134
Polymers as Drugs	p. 135
General	p. 136
Mainchain-Incorporated cis-Diamine-Coordinated Platinum	p. 137
Simple Amine Derivatives	p. 137
Amino Acid Derivatives	p. 141
Other Nitrogen-Platinum Products	p. 143
Solution Stability	p. 144
Thermal Stability	p. 145
Antiviral Activity	p. 145
Platinum Carrier-Bound Complexes via Nitrogen Donor Ligands	p. 147
Pt-Polyphosphazenes	p. 147
Slowly Biofissionable Pt-N Complexes Anchored through Primary and Secondary Amines	p. 149
Biofissionable Pt-N Complexes Anchored through Primary and Secondary Amines	p. 154
Pt-O-Bound Polymers	p. 161
Mixed Pt-O/Pt-N-Bound Polymers	p. 180
Future Work	p. 182
Acknowledgments	p. 184
References	p. 185
New Organic Polyacid-Inorganic Compounds for Improved Dental Materials	p. 193
Introduction	p. 194
Glass Ionomer Technology	p. 194
Amino Acid-Modified Glass Ionomers	p. 198
N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)-Modified Glass Ionomers	p. 201
New NVP-Modified Glass Ionomers: Experimental Work	p. 202
Materials	p. 202
Polymer Synthesis	p. 203
Characterization	p. 203
Physical Properties	p. 203
Results and Discussion	p. 204
Conclusions	p. 205
References	p. 206
Index	p. 209
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Macromolecules Containing Metal and Metal-Like Elements, Biomedical Applications

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