The Management of Engineering Human, Quality, Organizational, Legal, and Ethical Aspects of Professional Practice

, by Bennett, F. Lawrence

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ISBN: 9780471593294 | 047159329X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/7/1995

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Summary

Author Biography

Supplemental Materials

This book covers a broad range of topics necessary for those managing engineering personnel, projects and organizations.

1 The Engineer as Manager

(21)

1.1 Engineering as a Profession and as a Career

(2)

1.2 Engineering Versus Management

(3)

1.3 The Transition to Engineering Manager

(6)

1.4 Maintaining Technical Competence

(1)

1.5 The Engineering Manager's Functions and Activities

(2)

1.6 A Definition and Some Distinctions

(3)

1.7 Discussion Questions

(1)

1.8 References

(2)

2 The Engineering Organization

(27)

2.1 The Effective Organization

(6)

2.1.1 Teamwork in Practice

(2)

2.1.2 A Descriptive Model

(1)

2.1.3 Principles of Organizational Structure

(2)

2.1.4 Organizational Design: An Approach

(1)

2.2 Organizational Structures

(13)

2.2.1 The Organizational Chart Can't Say It All!

(1)

2.2.2 Functional

(1)

2.2.3 Product

(2)

2.2.4 Project

(3)

2.2.5 Matrix

(2)

2.2.6 Self-Directed Teams

(2)

2.2.7 Clusters

(1)

2.2.8 Geographical

(1)

2.2.9 The Throwaway Organization

(1)

2.2.10 The Informal Organization

(1)

2.3 Relationships Within the Organization

(4)

2.4 Relationships Outside the Organization

(1)

2.5 The Future of Technical Organizations

(1)

2.6 Discussion Questions

(1)

2.7 References

(2)

3 Total Quality Management: Principles and Approaches

(33)

3.1 Some History

(4)

3.2 Some Definitions

(2)

3.3 Some Primary Principles

(6)

3.3.1 Continuous Improvement

(2)

3.3.2 Focus on the Customer

(1)

3.3.3 The Importance of Teams

(1)

3.3.4 Management Involvement and Support

(2)

3.4 The Gurus and Their Approaches

(4)

3.4.1 Philip B. Crosby

(1)

3.4.2 W. Edwards Deming

(1)

3.4.3 Armand V. Feigenbaum

(1)

3.4.4 Kaoru Ishikawa

(1)

3.4.5 Joseph M. Juran

(1)

3.4.6 Genichi Taguchi

(1)

3.5 Applications to Service Industries

(3)

3.6 Cost of Quality

(2)

3.7 Standards of Excellence

(5)

3.7.1 ISO 9000

(1)

3.7.2 Baldrige Award

(1)

3.7.3 Deming Prize (Japan)

(2)

3.7.4 State Awards

(1)

3.7.5 President's Award

(1)

3.8 Implementing Total Quality Management in the Engineering Organization

(1)

3.8.1 Culture Change

(1)

3.8.2 Approaches to Implementation

(1)

3.9 Concluding Remarks

(1)

3.10 Discussion Questions

(1)

3.11 References

(3)

4 Total Quality Management: Techniques and Applications

(38)

4.1 A Sampling of Numeric Tools

(10)

4.1.1 Control Charts

(4)

4.1.2 Histograms

(1)

4.1.3 Pareto Charts

(4)

4.1.4 Run Charts (Timeline Charts)

(1)

4.1.5 Scatter Diagrams

(1)

4.2 A Sampling of Nonnumeric Tools

(5)

4.2.1 Brainstorming

(1)

4.2.2 Cause-and-Effect Diagrams (Ishikawa or Fishbone Diagrams)

(1)

4.2.3 Flowcharting

(1)

4.2.4 Force Fields

(2)

4.2.5 Nominal Group Technique

(1)

4.3 Benchmarking

(1)

4.4 A Comment on Total Quality Management Tools

(2)

4.5 Total Quality Management Applications in Engineering

100

(13)

4.5.1 Gee & Jenson: Design Consultants

100

(3)

4.5.2 Heartland Professional Construction Services

103

(4)

4.5.3 Texaco: Process Industry

107

(6)

4.6 The Quality Road Ahead

113

(2)

4.7 Problems and Discussion Questions

115

(3)

4.8 References

118

(2)

5 The Human Element in Engineering Management

120

(27)

5.1 Motivation

120

(8)

5.2 Leadership

128

(6)

5.3 Delegation

134

(2)

5.4 Personnel Development

136

(1)

5.5 Incentive, Recognition, and Reward Systems

137

(2)

5.6 The Personnel Administration Function

139

(3)

5.7 Discussion Questions and Cases

142

(3)

5.8 References

145

(2)

6 Communication in the Engineering Organization

147

(22)

6.1 The Communication Process

147

(1)

6.2 Communication in Organizations

148

(4)

6.3 Oral Communication

152

(4)

6.4 Written Communication

156

(3)

6.5 Choosing the Appropriate Method

159

(2)

6.6 Meetings

161

(1)

6.7 Negotiation

162

(1)

6.8 Some Final Thoughts on Improving the Communication Process

163

(1)

6.9 Discussion Questions and Case

164

(3)

6.10 References

167

(2)

7 Management of Engineering Projects

169

(55)

7.1 The Nature of Projects and Project Management

169

(3)

7.1.1 Some Definitions

169

(2)

7.1.2 The "Essence" of Successful Project Management

171

(1)

7.1.3 The Project Life Cycle

172

(1)

7.2 Project Organizations

172

(16)

7.2.1 An Important Decision: Project Organization or Not

175

(1)

7.2.2 The Basic Three: Functional, Projectized, and Matrix

176

(1)

7.2.2.1 The Functional Organization

176

(1)

7.2.2.2 The Projectized Organization

177

(1)

7.2.2.3 The Matrix Organization

178

(4)

7.2.3 Role Conflict in the Project Organization

182

(4)

7.2.4 Don't Forget the Informal Structure!

186

(1)

7.2.5 The Place of the Project Manager in the Organization

186

(2)

7.3 The Project Manager

188

(2)

7.3.1 A Different Kind of Position

188

(1)

7.3.2 Roles and Responsibilities

188

(1)

7.3.3 What Kind of Person Can Fulfill That Role?

189

(1)

7.4 Project Planning, Scheduling, and Control

190

(20)

7.4.1 Work Breakdown Structure

191

(2)

7.4.2 Bar Charting Methods

193

(2)

7.4.3 Network Scheduling Methods

195

(1)

7.4.3.1 The Network Approach

195

(2)

7.4.3.2 Activity-on-Node Method

197

(6)

7.4.3.3 Activity-on-Arrow Method

203

(3)

7.4.3.4 Precedence Method

206

(1)

7.4.4 Resource and Cost Analysis and Control Based on a Network Schedule

207

(1)

7.4.5 Computer Applications for Planning and Controlling the Schedule

208

(2)

7.5 Project Budgeting and Cost Control

210

(9)

7.5.1 Budgeting

210

(1)

7.5.1.1 Cost Estimating

210

(3)

7.5.1.2 The Project Budget

213

(2)

7.5.2 Cost Control

215

(4)

7.6 Some Final Thoughts on Project Control

219

(1)

7.7 Discussion Questions and Problems

219

(3)

7.8 References

222

(2)

8 Engineers and the Law

224

(30)

8.1 Four Basic Types of Law

225

(3)

8.1.1 Constitutional Law

226

(1)

8.1.2 Administrative Law

226

(1)

8.1.3 Statute Law

226

(1)

8.1.4 Common Law

227

(1)

8.2 Civil Law: Two Meanings

228

(1)

8.3 Law Versus Equity

228

(1)

8.4 The United States Court System

229

(4)

8.4.1 Federal Courts

229

(2)

8.4.2 State Courts

231

(1)

8.4.3 Jurisdiction

231

(2)

8.5 Trial Procedure

233

(4)

8.5.1 Pretrial

233

(1)

8.5.2 Trial

234

(1)

8.5.3 Evidence

235

(2)

8.6 Citation of Cases

237

(1)

8.7 Agency

238

(3)

8.8 Intellectual Property

241

(3)

8.8.1 Patents

241

(1)

8.8.2 Trademarks

242

(1)

8.8.3 Copyrights

243

(1)

8.8.4 Trade Secrets

243

(1)

8.9 Regulatory Compliance

244

(3)

8.10 Alternate Forms of Dispute Resolution

247

(4)

8.10.1 Negotiation

247

(1)

8.10.2 Mediation

247

(1)

8.10.3 Mini-Trial

248

(1)

8.10.4 Arbitration

249

(2)

8.11 Topics Not Covered

251

(1)

8.12 Discussion Questions

251

(2)

8.13 References

253

(1)

9 Contract Law Principles

254

(31)

9.1 Definitions

254

(5)

9.2 Formation Principles

259

(7)

9.2.1 Competent Parties

260

(1)

9.2.2 Proper Subject Matter

261

(1)

9.2.3 Meeting of the Minds

261

(3)

9.2.4 Consideration

264

(1)

9.2.5 Form

265

(1)

9.3 Interpretation of Written Contracts

266

(3)

9.4 Third-Party Rights

269

(3)

9.4.1 Assignment of Contract Rights

269

(1)

9.4.2 Third-Party Beneficiaries

270

(2)

9.5 Contract Discharge

272

(4)

9.5.1 Satisfactory Performance/Completion

272

(1)

9.5.2 Contractual Provision

273

(1)

9.5.3 Breach of Contract

273

(1)

9.5.4 Mutual Agreement of the Parties

274

(1)

9.5.5 Impossibility of Performance

274

(1)

9.5.6 Impracticability of Performance

275

(1)

9.5.7 Operation of Law

276

(1)

9.6 Remedies for Breach of Contract

276

(3)

9.6.1 Damages

277

(1)

9.6.2 Restitution

278

(1)

9.6.3 Equity Remedies

278

(1)

9.7 Discussion Questions

279

(4)

9.8 References

283

(2)

10 Engineering and Construction Contracts

285

(40)

10.1 Engineering and Architectural Services Contracts

285

(5)

10.1.1 Contract Elements

286

(1)

10.1.2 Scope of Services

286

(2)

10.1.3 Fee Arrangements

288

(1)

10.1.4 Relationships with Other Parties

289

(1)

10.1.5 Standard Documents

290

(1)

10.2 Construction Contract Elements

290

(3)

10.2.1 Competent Parties

290

(1)

10.2.2 Proper Subject Matter

291

(1)

10.2.3 Meeting of the Minds

291

(1)

10.2.4 Consideration

292

(1)

10.2.5 Form

293

(1)

10.3 Types of Contract

293

(9)

10.3.1 Fixed Price

293

(1)

10.3.2 Unit Price

294

(3)

10.3.3 Cost Plus

297

(1)

10.3.4 Design/Build Contracts

298

(1)

10.3.5 Turnkey

299

(1)

10.3.6 Construction Manager

300

(1)

10.3.7 Fast Track

301

(1)

10.3.8 End-Result Contracts

301

(1)

10.4 The Contracting Process

302

(9)

10.4.1 Advertising

302

(1)

10.4.2 Proposals

303

(2)

10.4.3 Bid Opening

305

(1)

10.4.4 Evaluation and Award

306

(1)

10.4.5 The Work Proceeds

307

(3)

10.4.6 Completion

310

(1)

10.5 Construction Documents

311

(2)

10.5.1 Agreement

311

(1)

10.5.2 Drawings

311

(1)

10.5.3 General Conditions

312

(1)

10.5.4 Special Condition

312

(1)

10.5.5 Technical Specifications

312

(1)

10.5.6 Other Documents

313

(1)

10.6 Contract Provisions of Special Interest

313

(7)

10.6.1 Bonds

314

(1)

10.6.2 Incorporation by Reference

315

(1)

10.6.3 Hierarchy of Documents

315

(1)

10.6.4 Indemnity

316

(1)

10.6.5 Time of Completion and Liquidated Damages

316

(1)

10.6.6 Delay and No Damages for Delay

317

(1)

10.6.7 Termination

318

(1)

10.6.8 Differing Site Conditions

319

(1)

10.7 Discussion Questions

320

(3)

10.8 References

323

(2)

11 Legal Structures of Business Organizations

325

(24)

11.1 Sole Proprietorship

325

(1)

11.2 Partnership

326

(8)

11.2.1 General Partnership

326

(6)

11.2.2 Limited Partnership and Subpartnership

332

(1)

11.2.3 Partnering

332

(2)

11.3 Corporation

334

(9)

11.3.1 Limited Liability of Owners

335

(1)

11.3.2 Formation of Corporation

335

(2)

11.3.3 Participation and Control

337

(1)

11.3.4 Financing the Corporation

338

(1)

11.3.5 Taxation: C Corporation and S Corporations

339

(1)

11.3.6 Other Corporation Characteristics

340

(1)

11.3.7 Professional Corporations

340

(3)

11.3.8 Termination

343

(1)

11.4 Joint Venture

343

(1)

11.5 Other Organizations

344

(2)

11.5.1 Not-for-Profit Corporation

344

(1)

11.5.2 Franchise

345

(1)

11.5.3 Limited Liability Company

345

(1)

11.5.4 Unincorporated Association

345

(1)

11.5.5 Share-Office Arrangement

345

(1)

11.6 Discussion Questions

346

(1)

11.7 References

347

(2)

12 Professional Liability

349

(34)

12.1 Introduction to Tort Law

349

(8)

12.1.1 Intentional Torts

350

(1)

12.1.2 Negligence

351

(5)

12.1.3 Strict Liability

356

(1)

12.2 Liability Trends of Importance to the Professional

357

(16)

12.2.1 Historical Overview

357

(4)

12.2.2 Demise of the Privity Defense

361

(1)

12.2.3 Standards of Care

362

(2)

12.2.4 Product Liability

364

(2)

12.2.5 Services Liability

366

(2)

12.2.6 Statutes of Limitation and Statutes of Repose

368

(1)

12.2.7 Review of Shop Drawings and Other Submittals

369

(1)

12.2.8 Job Site Safety

369

(2)

12.2.9 Computer-Aided Design

371

(2)

12.3 Strategies for Protection of the Professional

373

(4)

12.4 Tort Reform

377

(1)

12.5 Discussion Questions

378

(3)

12.6 References

381

(2)

13 Professional Ethics

383

(42)

13.1 Morality and Ethics

385

(2)

13.2 Codes of Ethics

387

(10)

13.3 Obligation in Three Sometimes Conflicting Directions

397

(2)

13.4 Some Ethical Issues in Engineering

399

(15)

13.4.1 Conflict of Interest

399

(2)

13.4.2 Confidentiality and Employee Loyalty

401

(3)

13.4.3 Contributions and Kickbacks

404

(1)

13.4.4 Whistleblowing

405

(5)

13.4.5 Professional Conduct

410

(1)

13.4.6 Global Issues

411

(2)

13.4.7 A Comment and a Concluding Case

413

(1)

13.5 Ethics and the Engineering Manager

414

(1)

13.6 In Conclusion

415

(1)

13.7 Discussion Questions and Cases

416

(6)

13.8 References

422

(3)

14 The Engineering Professional

425

(27)

14.1 Professional Registration

427

(4)

14.2 Continuing Professional Development

431

(3)

14.3 Professional Engineering Societies

434

(5)

14.4 The Engineer as Expert Witness

439

(4)

14.5 In Conclusion

443

(5)

14.6 Discussion Questions

448

(1)

14.7 References

449

(3)

Appendix "Summaries of Reader Responses to Ethics Questions"

452

(7)

Index

459

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The Management of Engineering Human, Quality, Organizational, Legal, and Ethical Aspects of Professional Practice

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials