Managing Instability in Algeria: Elites and

This topical new book seeks to understand the relationship between elite dynamics and strategies and the lack of profound political change in Algeria after 1995, when the country?s military rulers returned to electoral processes. Using evidence from extensive fieldwork, Isabelle Werenfels exposes successful survival strategies of an opaque authoritarian elite in a changing domestic and international environment. The main focus is on: the changing balance of power between different elite segments the modes of generation change and the different emerging young elite types constraints, obligations and opportunities arising from elite embeddings in clienteles networks and in specific social and economic structures. Building rare evidence from fieldwork into a multidisciplinary analytical framework, this book presents a significant input to the more general literature on transition processes and is particularly relevant as the West pushes for democratic reforms inthe Middle East and North Africa.

Isabelle Werenfels has lectured at Freie Universitat, Berlin.

Introduction
Background of the Study
Research Interest and Key Questions
Main Line of Argument
Methods, Sources and Data
Plan of the Study
Elites and the Question of Transition in Algeria: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges
Viewing Algeria through the Lens of Transition Theory
The Appearance of a Transition: Algeria between 1988 and 1991
Limits of Transition Approaches: The Algerian Trajectory after 1992
Elites in Theory
Middle Eastern and North African Elites in Theory
Developing a Framework for Analysis
Sketching the Historic and Formal Institutional Frame
Conceptualizing the Elite in Circles of Influence
Highlighting Continuity and Change in Recruitment Mechanisms and Elite Attitudes
Bringing Structures Back in: Economic and Socio-Cultural Embededdness of Elites
Analyzing Costs of Change
The Shaping of the Algerian Political System and its Elites
The Main Pillars of the System 1962 to 1988
The Army and its Elites
The Party, its Mass Organizations and their Elites
The Bureaucracy and its Elite
The State-led Economy and its Elite
The Political Opening 1989 to 1991
System Changes
The Emergence of New Politically Relevant Actors
The Authoritarian Backlash in 1992
The Politically Relevant Elite 1995 to 2004: Structures, Actors, Dynamics
The Political, Economic, Social and Institutional Setting
The Civil War
Market Reforms
The Kabyle Uprising, the Struggle over 'National Identity' and over a Social Project
Political System Adjustments
International Treaties and Rapprochements
The Core Elite: Increasingly Divided
The Composition of the Core Elite: Last Bastion of the Revolutionary Generation
The New Balance of Power: Emergence of a Shrewd President
The New Army Strategy: Going Turkish? The Second Circle of the Elite: Reproducing Core Elite Divisions
Government Elites: Quick Exchange of Clients
Private Sector Elites: The Emergence of a Powerful Lobby
Old and New Transmission Belts: UGTA, 'Famille Rvolutionnaire' and the Zaouaas
The Third Circle of the Elite: Self-Dynamics of Fragmentation
Clients and Contesters: The Parliament
Islamist Contesters
Left Wing Contesters
Temporary Contesters
Elites of the Kabyle Protest Movement
Human Rights Elites
Independent Union Elites
Clients or Contesters?
Press Elites
Elites of the 'Democratic Camp'
Conclusion
The Emergence of a New Elite Generation: Recruitment Mechanisms and Elite Types
Modes of Elite Reproduction
Patterns of Rejuvenation
Generational Change in Political Institutions
Rejuvenation of the Top Echelons of the Army
Rejuvenation in Other Elite Segments
Criteria for Recruitment
Arabization as a Mechanism for Exclusion
Historical Legitimacy as a Criterion for Inclusion
Further Criteria of Inclusion into the PRE
Formative Experiences and Political Socialization
The Revolutionary and Second Generations: Marked by the War and by Nation and State Building
The Third Generation: A Product of Disillusionment
The Different Faces of the Third Generation
The Neo-Dinosaur
The Neo-Reformer
The Radical Democrat
The Islamist Reformer
The Nationalist Reformer
Conclusion
Factors Structuring Elite Corridors of Action
Perceptions of Politics and Resulting Practices
Reflections of Social Organization in Political Structures and Practices
Violence and the Historic Frame of Contemporary Political Rhetoric and Action
The Elusive 'Concept' of Le Pouvoir
Embeddedness of Elites
The Clientelist Frame: Notions of Reciprocity and Modes of Transaction
Rentier Structures and Mentalities
Primordial Loyalties and M
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Managing Instability in Algeria: Elites and Political Change since 1995

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