Manichaean Texts from the Roman Empire

, by Edited by Iain Gardner , Samuel N. C. Lieu

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ISBN: 9780521568227 | 0521568226
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/14/2004

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Founded by Mani (c. AD 216–276), a Syrian visionary of Judaeo-Christian background who lived in Persian Mesopotamia, Manichaeism spread rapidly into the Roman Empire in the third and fourth centuries AD and became one of the most persecuted heresies under Christian Roman emperors. The religion established missionary cells in Syria, Egypt, North Africa and Rome and has in Augustine of Hippo the most famous of its converts. The study of the religion in the Roman Empire has benefited from discoveries of genuine Manichaean texts from Medinet Madi and from the Dakhleh Oasis in Egypt, as well as successful decipherment of the Cologne Mani-Codex which gives an autobiography of the founder in Greek. This first ever single-volume collection of sources for this religion, which draws from material mostly unknown to English-speaking scholars and students, offers in translation genuine Manichaean texts from Greek, Latin and Coptic.

List of plates

List of maps

List of contributors

xii

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgements

xiv

Notes for the reader

List of abbreviations

xvii

1 Introduction

(45)

The purpose of this book

(2)

The life of Mani

(5)

The Manichaean system

(13)

Worship and ethic

(4)

The development of Manichaean studies

(10)

The survival of Manichaean texts from the Roman Empire

(11)

2 The life of Mani

(63)

Childhood, youth and calling

(27)

1 Mani's parentage, birth, childhood and adolescence

(1)

2 Mani's own version of early revelations from his divine Twin

(1)

3 Incidents from Mani's youth showing his refusal to harm even plants

(1)

4 Mani's account of his call

(9)

5 Mani's conflicts and break with the baptist community

(8)

6 The beginning of Mani's mission

(7)

Mani at the court of the Shahanshah (King of Kings)

(6)

7 Mani's calling and his summons before Shapur I

(2)

8 Mani's first encounter with Shapur I

(1)

9 Mani recounts his travels

(3)

The last days and death of Mani

(23)

10 Mani's change of fortune after the death of Hormizd

(5)

11 The confrontation between Mani and King Vahram I

(1)

12 Mani's imprisonment and death

(3)

13 Mani's entry into parinirvana

(1)

14 Praise for the martyred Mani

(2)

15 The sufferings of Mani compared to those of other true apostles

(2)

16 The institution of the bema

(1)

17 The death of Mani compared to the trial and crucifixion of Jesus the Messiah

(1)

18 The death of Mani commemorated in two bema psalms

(7)

The Manichaean church under Sisinnios and his successor Innaios

102

(7)

19 Persecution of the Manichaean church

102

(2)

20 The prayer and martyrdom of Sisinnios (Mar Sisin)

104

(5)

3 Manichaeism in the Roman Empire

109

(42)

Early mission and reaction

111

(8)

21 The mission of Mar Adda and Pattek the teacher

111

(1)

22 The healing of Nafsa of Tadmor (Palmyra) by Mar Adda

112

(2)

23 A warning against Manichaean missionaries

114

(1)

24 Alexander of Lycopolis on the Manichaean mission in Egypt

115

(1)

25 Edict (rescript) of Diocletian against the sect (AD 302)

116

(3)

26 Warning against door-to-door missions by the Manichaeans

119

(1)

Manichaeans and Christian ascetics in Egypt

119

(6)

27 Manichaeans out-argued by Didymus the Blind

119

(1)

28 A travelling Manichaean converted by true `hospitality'

120

(1)

29 A Manichaean missionary challenged to trial by fire

121

(1)

30 A food-test imposed by the Patriarch Timothy

121

(1)

31 A story of two Manichaean merchants

122

(3)

Manichaeism in the Levant, Asia Minor and Greece

125

(5)

32 The debate between the Manichaea Julia and Porphyry the bishop of Gaza

125

(4)

33 The conversion of the Manichaeans at Ziph

129

(1)

34 The works of Mani and of Mar Adda refuted by Heraclianus of Chalcedon

129

(1)

Manichaeism in Italy and North Africa

130

(15)

35 The young Augustine joins the sect at Carthage as a hearer

130

(4)

36 A Manichaean house at Rome

134

(2)

37 Letter of the Manichaean Secundinus to Augustine

136

(6)

38 The Manichaean Firmus converted by a sermon of Augustine's

142

(1)

39 Victorinus exposed as a crypto-Manichaean

143

(1)

40 Manichaeans detected and punished in Carthage

144

(1)

Select legislations against the Manichaeans from Theodosius to Justinian

145

(6)

41 Anti-Manichaean legislation issued by Theodosius

145

(4)

42 The death penalty for Manichaeans

149

(1)

43 Mandate of Justinian I on Manichaeans' wills

150

(1)

4 The scriptures of Mani

151

(25)

44 Mani's canon according to the Kephalaia

153

(1)

45 Canon lists from an Arabic and a Chinese source

154

(2)

46 From The Living Gospel

156

(3)

47 From The Treasure of Life

159

(1)

48 From an unnamed work of Mani, probably The Pragmateia

160

(3)

49 From The Psalms and Prayers (?)

163

(2)

50 The titles of Mani's Epistles

165

(1)

51 A quotation from `The Letter to Edessa'

166

(1)

52 Passages from The Epistles preserved at Ismant el-Kharab

166

(2)

53 'The Fundamental Epistle'

168

(4)

54 'The Letter to Menoch'

172

(2)

55 Spurious letters attributed to Mani

174

(2)

5 Teachings

176

(55)

56 The community sing 'the knowledge of Mani'

176

(3)

57 Alexander of Lycopolis on the Manichaean system

179

(3)

58 The Acta Archelai on cosmogony

182

(5)

59 Augustine's summary of the teaching

187

(4)

60 An account of the evocation of the gods

191

(3)

61 'The prayer of the emanations'

194

(2)

62 Concerning the coming of the soul

196

(3)

63 The five worlds of the kingdom of darkness

199

(3)

64 The 'three days' and the 'two deaths'

202

(2)

65 The seven works of the Living Spirit

204

(1)

66 Mani discusses astrology

205

(3)

67 The Coptic treatise on the Light Mind

208

(9)

68 The descent of Jesus

217

(1)

69 Augustine on Manichaean Christology

218

(1)

70 A psalm by Herakleides

219

(1)

71 The great war and the last judgement

220

(6)

72 Four recently edited Kephalaia

226

(3)

73 Manichaean and other 'errors' concerning the destiny of the soul after death (Christian polemic)

229

(2)

6 Worship and ethic

231

(28)

74 The essential precepts of the elect and the catechumens

231

(1)

75 The archetypes of ritual action

232

(4)

76 The three seals

236

(1)

77 Augustine on the bema festival

237

(1)

78 A bema psalm

237

(3)

79 The profits of fasting

240

(1)

80 A psalm of endurance

240

(4)

81 Augustine on Manichaean ethics

244

(1)

82 Augustine on the redemption of the light particles

245

(1)

83 A psalm of the universal soul

246

(1)

84 A psalm to glorify the Mind

247

(2)

85 Mani's discourse on the 'assent' and the 'amen'

249

(3)

86 The nature of love

252

(1)

87 A psalm in praise of Jesus

253

(1)

88 A psalm to the Trinity

254

(2)

89 A prayer for the ascent of the soul

256

(3)

7 Community texts

259

(23)

90 The advent of Mani

260

(5)

91 On the ten advantages of the Manichaean religion

265

(3)

92 An apologia for the distinction between elect and hearer

268

(4)

93 A father instructs his young son

272

(3)

94 The son writes to his mother

275

(2)

95 An elect encourages a sick catechumen

277

(1)

96 An elect writes to ask for alms

277

(1)

97 A Manichaean scribe sends a spell to a colleague

278

(2)

98 Horion discusses preparations for the agape

280

(2)

List and concordance of texts

282

(8)

Glossary

290

(8)

Bibliography

298

(9)

Index

307

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Manichaean Texts from the Roman Empire

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials