MCTS 70-680 Cert Guide Microsoft Windows 7, Configuring

The ultimate comprehensive self-study guide for Microsoft's new Exam 70-680: Windows 7, Configuring

-Contains handy exam prep task lists and "Do I Know This Already?" quizzes designed to help readers focus study and get better results faster

-CD-ROM test engine provides two full practice exams

-Covers installation, upgrades, migration, devices, applications, Internet Explorer, networking, security, mobile computing, updates, disk management, performance, backup/recovery, and more

This is the most comprehensive self-study tool for Microsoft's new MCTS 70-680 exam, "Windows 7, Configuring." Its comprehensive coverage is fully mapped to Microsoft's exam objective sequence, and includes all the information and insight you need to succeed on the exam. From start to finish, it has been organized to improve retention, help Windows professionals focus on the areas where they need the most assistance, and earn their highest possible exam scores.

Its features include:

" Foundation Topics sections that thoroughly explain concepts and theory, and link them to real-world configurations and commands "

Pre-chapter "Do I Know This Already" (DIKTA) quizzes that enable you to assess your knowledge of each chapter's content, and decide how much time to spend on each section within that chapter "

Key Topics icons that flag every figure, table, or list which must absolutely be understood and remembered for the exam "

CD-ROM test engine with two complete practice exams

Coverage includes: installation, upgrades, migrates, deployment, virtual hard drives, device management, applications, Internet Explorer, networking, security, mobile computing, Windows updates, system and disk management, performance, backups, system and file recovery, and more.

Don Poulton (A+, Network+, Security+, MCSA, MCSE) is an independent consultant who has been involved with computers since the days of 80-column punch cards. After a career of more than 20 years in environmental science, Don switched careers and trained as a Windows NT 4.0 MCSE. He has been involved in consulting with a couple of small training providers as a technical writer, during which time he wrote training and exam prep materials for Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, and Windows XP. Don has written or contributed to several titles, including Security+ Lab Manual (Que, 2004); MCSA/MCSE 70-299 Exam Cram 2: Implementing and Administering Security in a Windows 2003 Network (Exam Cram 2) (Que, 2004); MCSE 70-294 Exam Prep: Planning, Implementing, and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Infrastructure (Que, 2006); and MCTS 70-620 Exam Prep: Microsoft Windows Vista, Configuring (Que, 2008).

In addition, he has worked on programming projects, both in his days as an environmental scientist and more recently with Visual Basic to update an older statistical package used for multivariate analysis of sediment contaminants.

When not working on computers, Don is an avid amateur photographer who has had his photos displayed in international competitions and published in magazines such as Michigan Natural Resources Magazine and National Geographic Traveler. Don also enjoys traveling and keeping fit.

Don lives in Burlington, Ontario, with his wife, Terry.

    Introduction 3

Chapter 1 Introducing Windows 7 17

    Leading Up to Windows 7 17

    Windows 7 Editions 20

    Features of Windows 7 23

        Productivity Improvements 23

        Security Improvements 27

    A Quick Tour of Windows 7 29

        Start Menu and Taskbar 30

        Configuring Windows 7 Start Menu and Taskbar 32

        Start Menu Properties 32

        Taskbar Properties 33

        Toolbars 34

        Libraries 34

        Control Panel 35

        System and Security 36

        Network and Internet 38

        Hardware and Sound 39

        Programs 40

        User Accounts and Family Safety 41

        Appearance and Personalization 42

        Clock, Language, and Region 43

        Ease of Access 43

    Patches, Hotfixes, and Service Packs 43

    Summary 44

Chapter 2 Installing Windows 7 47

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 47

    Identifying Hardware Requirements 51

        Hardware Compatibility 52

        Software Compatibility 53

        Network Requirements 55

        File System Considerations 56

        Product Activation 57

    Performing a Clean Installation of Windows 7 as the Sole Operating System 59

        Performing an Attended Installation 59

    Dual-Booting Windows 7 65

        Boot Management Programs Used by Windows 7 65

        Setting Up a Dual-Boot System 66

    Other Windows 7 Installation Methods 66

        USB 67

        CD 67

        Network Share 67

        WDS 68

        Understanding WDS 68

        Requirements to Use WDS 69

    Troubleshooting Windows 7 Installation Issues 70

        Troubleshooting Process 70

        Identifying the Point of Failure 71

        Discovering the Cause of the Failure 71

        Defining a Solution 72

        Testing and Implementing the Solution 72

        Documenting the Results 72

        Troubleshooting an Attended Installation 72

        Media Problems 73

        Insufficient Hard Drive Space 73

        Unrecognizable DVD-ROM Drive 74

        Unavailable Network 74

        Advanced Startup 80

        Refer to Compatibility 80

        Troubleshooting Failed Installations 82

        Stop Errors or Blue Screen of Death 83

        Stopped Installation 84

    Review All the Key Topics 85

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 85

    Definitions of Key Terms 85

Chapter 3 Upgrading to Windows 7 87

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 87

    Upgrading to Windows 7 from a Previous Version of Windows 91

        Preparing a Computer to Meet Upgrade Requirements 92

        Windows 7 Upgrade Advisor 92

        Additional Preparatory Tasks 94

        Upgrading the Computer to Windows 7 95

    Migrating from Windows XP 97

        The Windows.old Folder 98

        Removing the Windows.old Folder 99

    Upgrading from One Edition of Windows 7 to Another 100

        Windows Anytime Upgrade 101

        Upgrading Windows 7 101

        Uninstalling Windows 7 102

    Review All the Key Topics 104

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 104

    Definitions of Key Terms 104

Chapter 4 Migrating Users and Applications to Windows 7 107

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 107

    Migrating Users from One Computer to Another 111

        User State Migration Tool 111

        Preparing the Server to Run USMT 113

        Collecting Files from the Source Computer 114

        Loading Collected Files on the Destination Computer 115

        Windows Easy Transfer 115

        Using Windows Easy Transfer to Collect Files at the Source Computer 116

        Using Windows Easy Transfer to Save Files at

        the Destination Computer 118

    Migrating Users from Previous Windows Versions 120

        Using the User State Migration Tool 121

        Using Windows Easy Transfer 122

    Side by Side Versus Wipe and Load 122

        Side by Side Migration 123

        Wipe and Load Migration 123

    Review All the Key Topics 125

    Definitions of Key Terms 125

Chapter 5 Deploying Windows 7 127

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 127

    Planning a Windows 7 Deployment 132

        Understanding Windows Images 133

        Understanding Windows PE 134

        Understanding Answer Files 137

        Understanding Configuration Passes 138

        Creating an Answer File 139

        Using the Answer Files to Perform an Unattended Installation 144

    Capturing a System Image 145

        Understanding the System Preparation Tool 145

        Using Sysprep to Prepare a System for Capture 146

        Creating a WIM File 148

        Automated Image Capture 148

        Manual Image Capture 150

    Preparing System Images for Deployment 151

        Understanding the Deployment Image Servicing and

        Management Utility 151

        Working with DISM 153

        Inserting Applications into System Images 154

        Inserting Drivers into System Images 156

        Inserting Updates into System Images 157

        Configuring Tasks to Run After Deployment 157

    Deploying Windows System Images 158

        Suggested Deployment Strategies 158

        High-Touch with Retail Media 159

        High-Touch with Standard Image 159

        Lite-Touch, High-Volume Deployment 160

        Zero-Touch, High-Volume Deployment 160

        Using Microsoft Deployment Toolkit 2010

        to Deploy Windows 7 161

        What’s New with MDT 2010 161

        Downloading and Installing MDT 2010 162

        Using MDT 2010 Deployment Workbench to Create a Deployment Share 163

        Adding Windows Images to the Deployment Share 165

        Adding Additional Features to Windows Images 168

        Using Task Sequences in MDT 2010 169

        Using Deployment Points 173

        Using MDT 2010 to Distribute Images to Multiple Computers 173

        Automated Deployment of Windows 7 by Using Windows

        Deployment Services 174

        Understanding WDS 174

        Setting Up WDS 175

        Using WDS to Perform an Automated Deployment of Windows 7 177

        Enabling Automatic Network Boot 177

        Automating the Setup Process 178

        Manually Deploying a Customized Image 179

    Troubleshooting an Unattended Installation 180

        Problems with Answer Files 180

        Boot Disks 180

        Switches 181

        Answer File Specifications 181

        Problems with Sysprep Installations 182

    Review All the Key Topics 184

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 184

    Definitions of Key Terms 185

Chapter 6 Configuring Virtual Hard Disks 187

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 187

    Understanding VHDs 191

        What’s New in Virtual Hard Disks? 191

        Types of Virtual Hard Disks 192

        Tools Used with Virtual Hard Disks 193

    Creating and Configuring VHDs 194

        Creating VHDs 194

        Using Disk Management 194

        Using DiskPart to Create a VHD 196

        Mounting VHDs 198

        Deploying VHDs 199

        Preparing a Custom Windows Image 200

        Best Practices for Using Native-Boot VHDs 200

        Creating a Native-Boot VHD 201

        Booting VHDs 203

        Adding a Native-Boot VHD to an Older Computer 204

    Offline Servicing and Updating VHDs 205

        Upgrading a Windows Image to a Higher Edition 208

        Using an Answer File to Service an Offline VHD 208

    Review All the Key Topics 209

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 209

    Definitions of Key Terms 209

Chapter 7 Configuring Devices and Updates 211

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 211

    Installing and Configuring Device Drivers 215

        Installing Devices and Drivers 216

        Device Stage 217

        Updating Drivers 218

        Using Device Manager 219

        Using Device Manager to Uninstall Drivers 222

        Using Device Manager to Disable Drivers 223

    Maintaining Device Drivers 223

        Managing and Troubleshooting Drivers and Driver Signing 224

        What’s New with Driver Signing in Windows 7 224

        Checking Drivers for Digital Signatures 225

        Driver Installation Permissions in Windows 7 227

        Configuring Driver Settings 227

    Troubleshooting Device Drivers 228

        Resolving Driver Conflicts 228

        Use of the Action Center to View Device-Related Problems 230

        Use of System Information to View Device-Related Problems 231

        Using Windows 7 Rollback to Resolve a Problem Driver 231

    Configuring Updates to Windows 7 232

        Configuring Windows Update Settings 233

        Using a WSUS Server with Windows 7 235

        Configuring Windows Update Policies 236

        Reviewing Update History and Rolling Back Updates 239

        Checking for New Updates 240

    Review All the Key Topics 241

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 241

    Definitions of Key Terms 241

Chapter 8 Configuring Applications and Internet Explorer 243

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 243

    Configuring Application Compatibility 248

        Configuring Application Compatibility Mode 248

        Implementing Shims 250

        Using the Application Compatibility Toolkit 251

        Windows XP Mode 253

        Internet Explorer Compatibility Issues 255

    Configuring Application Restrictions 257

        Setting Software Restriction Policies 258

        Application Control Policies 262

        Capabilities of AppLocker 262

        Basic Configuration of AppLocker Policies 263

        Creating Additional AppLocker Rules 265

    Configuring Internet Explorer 270

        Configuring Compatibility View 271

        Configuring Security Settings 273

        Configuring Internet Explorer Security Zones 274

        Configuring Protected Mode in Internet Explorer 276

        Configuring the SmartScreen Filter 277

        Privacy Tab Settings 279

        Handling Cookies 279

        Blocking Pop-ups 281

        Content Tab Settings 282

        Advanced Tab Settings 283

        Configuring Providers 283

        Managing Add-ons 285

        Using Accelerators 287

        Using InPrivate Browsing Mode 288

        InPrivate Browsing Group Policies 290

        Certificates for Secure Websites 291

    Review All the Key Topics 294

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 295

    Definitions of Key Terms 295

Chapter 9 Configuring TCP/IP 297

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 297

    Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol 301

    Configuring TCP/IP Version 4 303

        Static IPv4 Addressing 304

        Classless Inter-Domain Routing 306

        Private IPv4 Networks 307

        Dynamic IP Addressing 307

        Connecting to a Network 308

        Using the Network and Sharing Center to Set Up a TCP/IP v4 Connection 309

        Configuring IPv4 Name Resolution 313

        Implementing APIPA 315

    Configuring TCP/IP Version 6 316

        IPv6 Address Syntax 316

        IPv6 Prefixes 316

        Types of IPv6 Addresses 317

        Compatibility Between IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses 318

        Connecting to a TCP/IP Version 6 Network 319

        Configuring TCP/IPv6 Name Resolution 322

        Disabling IPv6 323

        Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution 323

    Resolving IPv4 and IPv6 Network Connectivity Issues 324

        Windows 7 Network Diagnostics Tools 324

        Using TCP/IP Utilities to Troubleshoot

        TCP/IP 325

    ARP 326

        FTP and TFTP 326

        Ipconfig 327

        Nbtstat 328

        Netstat 328

        Nslookup 328

        ping 329

        tracert 330

        pathping 330

        Troubleshooting IPv4 and IPv6 Problems 330

        A Suggested Response to a Connectivity Problem 331

        Network Discovery 332

        Incorrect IPv4 Address or Subnet Mask 332

        Unable to Connect to a DHCP Server 333

        Duplicate IP Address 333

        Unable to Configure an Alternate TCP/IPv4

        Configuration 333

        Using Event Viewer to Check Network Problems 334

        Additional Troubleshooting Hints When Using IPv6 334

    Review All the Key Topics 335

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 335

    Definitions of Key Terms 336

Chapter 10 Configuring Network and Firewall Settings 339

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 339

    Configuring Networking Settings 344

        Network Devices and Locations 344

        Setting Up New Network Connections 346

        Connecting to Existing Networks 347

        Setting Up Network Sharing and Discovery 348

        Using Internet Connection Sharing to Share Your

        Internet Connection 349

        Connecting to Wireless Networks 352

        Wireless Networking Protocols 354

        Setting Up a Wireless Network Connection 354

        Managing Wireless Network Connections 357

        Wireless Network Profiles 359

        Configuring Location Aware Printing 360

    Configuring Security Settings in Windows Firewall 361

        Basic Windows Firewall Configuration 362

        Using the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security Snap-in 368

        Configuring Multiple Firewall Profiles 369

        Configuring New Firewall Rules 371

        Modifying Rule Properties 375

        Configuring Notifications 376

        Group Policy and Windows Firewall 376

    Review All the Key Topics 379

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 379

    Definitions of Key Terms 380

Chapter 11 Configuring Access to Local and Shared Resources 383

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 383

    Configuring Shared Resources 389

        Using the Network and Sharing Center to Configure File Sharing 389

        Sharing Files, Folders, and Printers 390

        Modifying Shared Folder Properties 392

        Use of the Public Folder for Sharing Files 396

        Mapping a Drive 396

        Command-Line Administration of Shared Folders 397

        Password-Protected Sharing 398

        Media Streaming 398

        Folder Virtualization 399

        Sharing Printers 401

        Configuring Homegroup Settings 403

        Creating a HomeGroup 403

        Joining a Homegroup 403

        Modifying Homegroup Settings 405

    Configuring Security Permissions 406

        NTFS File and Folder Permissions 407

        Applying NTFS Permissions 408

        Specifying Advanced Permissions 410

        NTFS Permissions Inheritance 414

        Taking Ownership of Files and Folders 415

        Effective Permissions 416

        Viewing a User’s Effective Permissions 417

        Copying and Moving Files and Folders 418

        Copying Files and Folders with NTFS Permissions 418

        Moving Files and Folders with NTFS Permissions 419

        Using the Mouse to Copy or Move Objects from One Location to Another 420

        Practical Guidelines on Sharing and Securing Folders 420

    Configuring Data Encryption 421

        Encrypting File System Basics 422

        Preparing a Disk for EFS 424

        Encrypting Files 425

        Backing Up EFS Keys 426

        Decrypting Files 427

        EFS Recovery Agents 427

    Review All the Key Topics 430

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 431

    Definitions of Key Terms 431

Chapter 12 Configuring Access Controls 433

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 433

    Configuring User Account Control 438

        Features of User Account Control 439

        Application Prompts 442

        Running Programs with Elevated Privileges 443

        Configuring User Account Control 444

        User Account Control Policies 446

    Configuring Authentication and Authorization 449

        Controlling Windows Logon 450

        Managing Credentials 450

        Adding, Editing, and Removing Credentials in Credential Manager 451

        Backing Up and Restoring Credentials in Credential Manager 453

        Managing Certificates 454

        Using Smart Cards 456

        Smart Cards and Multifactor Authentication 457

        Smart Card Policies 457

        Configuring Account Policies 458

        Password Policies 458

        Account Lockout 460

        Unlocking an Account 460

        Configuring User Rights 461

        Resolving Authentication Issues 464

        Resetting Passwords 464

        Using a Password Reset Disk 465

    Configuring BranchCache 466

        Distributed Cache and Hosted Cache 467

        Configuring BranchCache Settings 467

        Using the netsh Command to Configure BranchCache 467

        Using Group Policy to Enable BranchCache 468

        Specifying BranchCache Firewall Rules 470

        BranchCache Network Infrastructure Requirements 471

        Using BranchCache Across a Virtual Private Network 471

        Certificate Management with BranchCache 472

    Review All the Key Topics 473

    Definitions of Key Terms 473

Chapter 13 Configuring Mobile Computing 475

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 475

    Configuring BitLocker and BitLocker To Go 479

        BitLocker Drive Encryption 479

        Preparing Your Computer to Use BitLocker 480

        Enabling BitLocker 481

        Managing BitLocker 484

        BitLocker To Go 485

        BitLocker Policies 486

        Operating System Drives 487

        Fixed Data Drive Policies 488

        Use of Data Recovery Agents 489

    Configuring DirectAccess 491

        Network Infrastructure Requirements 493

        Using IPv6 with DirectAccess 493

        Use of Network Access Protection 494

        The DirectAccess Connection Process 494

        Configuring DirectAccess Clients 495

        Configuring Authentication 496

    Configuring Mobility Options 497

        Control Panel 497

        Windows Mobility Center 498

        Using Offline Files 499

        Client Computer Configuration 500

        Server Configuration 502

        Use of the Sync Center 503

        Offline File Policies 506

        Configuring Transparent Caching of Offline Files 508

    Configuring Power Options 508

        Power Plans 510

        Additional Power Plan Options 511

        Advanced Power Settings 512

        Battery Meter 515

        Power Management and Group Policy 515

    Review All the Key Topics 518

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 519

    Definitions of Key Terms 519

Chapter 14 Configuring Remote Management and Remote Connections 521

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 521

    Configuring Remote Management 525

        Remote Desktop 525

        Establishing a Remote Desktop Connection with Another Computer 525

        Configuring the Server Side of Remote Desktop 527

        Selecting a Nondefault Port 529

        Remote Assistance 530

        Using Windows Remote Management Service 535

        Using Windows Remote Shell 536

        Using Windows PowerShell 537

    Configuring Remote Connections 540

        Understanding Remote Access 541

        Remote Access Authentication Protocols 541

        Remote Access Security 543

        Establishing VPN Connections and Authentication 544

        VPN Connection Security 547

        Enabling VPN Reconnect 548

        Advanced Security Auditing 549

        NAP Quarantine Remediation 550

        Configuring Dial-Up Connections 552

        Accepting Incoming Connections 554

        Published Applications on Remote Desktop 555

        RD Gateway Policies 557

        Using RemoteApp to Specify Applications 558

    Review All the Key Topics 558

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 559

    Definitions of Key Terms 559

Chapter 15 Disk Management 561

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 561

    Managing Disks and Volumes 565

        Basic and Dynamic Disks 566

        Working with Basic Disks 568

        Converting Basic Disks to Dynamic 572

        Working with Dynamic Disks 574

        Troubleshooting Disk Problems 576

    Managing File System Fragmentation 578

        Disk Defragmenter 578

        The Defrag.exe Command-Line Tool 580

        Error Checking 581

    RAID Volumes 582

        Creating a RAID-0 Volume 582

        Creating a Spanned Volume 585

        Creating a Mirrored Volume 585

        Creating a RAID-5 Volume 585

        Using DiskPart to Create Striped, Mirrored, and RAID-5

        Volumes 586

        Managing and Troubleshooting RAID Volumes 587

    Configuring Removable Drive Policies 587

    Review All the Key Topics 589

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 589

    Definitions of Key Terms 589

Chapter 16 Managing and Monitoring System Performance 591

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 591

    Windows System Monitoring Tools 596

    Configuring and Working with Event Logs 600

        Viewing Logs in Event Viewer 601

        Customizing Event Viewer 602

        Creating Tasks from Events 603

        Using Event Log Subscriptions 604

        Configuring Computers to Forward and Collect Events 604

        Configuring Event Log Subscriptions 605

    Managing Computer Performance 608

        Reliability Monitor 608

        Task Manager 610

        Configuring Application Priority 612

        Resource Monitor 613

        CPU Tab 614

        Memory Tab 614

        Disk Tab 615

        Network Tab 615

        Performance Monitor 615

        Data Collector Sets 619

        Creating Data Collector Sets 619

        Using Performance Monitor to Create a Data Collector Set 622

        Optimizing and Troubleshooting Memory Performance 623

        Optimizing and Troubleshooting Processor Utilization 625

        Optimizing and Troubleshooting Disk Performance 626

        Command-Line Utilities 628

    Configuring Additional Performance Settings 628

        Configuring the Hard Drive Cache 628

        Windows ReadyBoost 629

        System Configuration Utility 631

        General Tab 631

        Boot Tab 632

        Services Tab 632

        Startup Tab 633

        Tools Tab 633

        Configuring the Relative Priority of Foreground and Background Tasks 633

        Configuring Processor Scheduling 634

        Action Center 635

        Advanced Networking Performance Options 636

        Configuring Services and Programs to Resolve Performance Issues 636

    Review All the Key Topics 639

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 639

    Definitions of Key Terms 640

Chapter 17 Configuring Backups 643

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 643

    Using Windows Backup to Protect Your Data 646

        Configuring Windows Backup for the First Time 646

        Managing and Troubleshooting Your Backups 650

        Scheduling Your Backups 653

        Using the Command Line to Perform a Backup 654

        Creating a System Image 655

    Creating a System Recovery Disk 657

    Review All the Key Topics 658

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 658

    Definitions of Key Terms 658

Chapter 18 Configuring System and File Recovery 661

    “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 661

    Restoring Files and Folders 665

        Using Windows Backup to Recover Data 665

        Restoring User Profiles 669

    Using Shadow Copies to Restore Damaged or Deleted Files 669

    System Restore 671

        Running System Restore 672

        Configuring System Restore Properties 674

        Device Driver Rollback 675

    Recovering Your Operating System from Backup 676

        Using a System Repair Disk 679

    Advanced System Startup Options 682

        Last Known Good Configuration 682

        Safe Mode 684

        Boot Logging 685

        Low Resolution Video (640 _ 480) 685

        Debugging Mode 685

        Disable Automatic Restart on System Failure 685

        Disable Driver Signature Enforcement 685

    Review All the Key Topics 686

    Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 686

    Definitions of Key Terms 686

    Practice Exam 689

    Answers to Practice Exam 747

Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes 785

Appendix B Glossary 817

    Index 836

Elements Available on CD

Appendix C Memory Tables

Appendix D Memory Tables Answer Key

TOC, 9780789747075, 10/6/2010

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.