Mechanized Tunnelling in Urban Areas: Design

Internationally, the mechanized excavation of tunnels has intensified in the last two decades, as the number of tunnels being constructed for subways and railway underpasses increases. The subject of mechanized tunnelling in urban areas has not previously received the attention that it deserves, despite there being specific hazards associated with the construction of tunnels in metropolitan areas, including poor ground conditions, water tables higher than the level of tunnels, and subsidence leading to damage to the existing structures on the surface. The application of technologies for achieving the stability of the tunnel and for minimizing surface settlement is described in this book. Accurate characterization of the ground; rigorous assessment and management of risk from design to maintenance; the correct choice of a tunnel boring machine and a plan for the advancement of the tunnel; specific excavation procedures and real-time monitoring of excavation parameters are all discussed in this thorough work.

Contributors	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Executive summary	p. xv
Introduction: tunnels in urban areas and the related challenges	p. 1
The opportunities	p. 1
The particular challenges of urban tunnelling	p. 4
The correct approach to success	p. 5
A brief history of mechanized tunnelling	p. 8
The scope of this book	p. 13
Initial risks: definition, analysis and management	p. 19
Basic definitions	p. 20
Sources of initial risk in mechanized urban tunnelling	p. 21
Analysis and management of risks: the risk management plan	p. 22
Designing for the identified risk scenario	p. 35
Quantifying the risk of time and cost overruns at the design stage with the use of DAT	p. 42
Use of Plan for Advance of Tunnel (PAT) for controlling the residual risks	p. 50
Selection of tunnel alignment with low-level risks	p. 53
Introduction	p. 53
The general layout of an urban tunnel	p. 55
Alignment constraints and specific functional requirements	p. 56
Constraints and peculiar characteristics of the urban environment relevant to the selection of a tunnel route	p. 65
Starting and arrival points, shield launching and receiving shafts, logistic work sites	p. 71
The relationship between the excavation of running tunnel by TBM and the construction of the stations	p. 73
Conclusions	p. 74
The primary responses to the initial risks: a "city machine" and its essential characteristics	p. 75
Principles for making the macro choices	p. 75
The common solution: a "city machine"	p. 78
Essential components of a "city machine"	p. 79
Slurry and earth pressure balance shields: functioning principles and review of the state of the art	p. 89
Some considerations for the choice between HS and EPBS	p. 105
Tunnel design	p. 113
Prediction and control of tunnelling-induced settlements and assessment of their impacts	p. 113
The design of face-support pressure	p. 152
The design of precast concrete segmental lining	p. 176
Backfilling of the tail void	p. 223
The control of tunnel construction	p. 235
Updating and implementation of PAT	p. 235
Excavation control: the case of slurry/hydro shield (SS/HS)	p. 240
Excavation control: the case of earth pressure balance shield (EPBS)	p. 254
Integrated real-time monitoring system	p. 266
Health and safety	p. 279
General considerations	p. 279
TBM working environment	p. 281
Critical processes	p. 281
Additional critical elements	p. 291
Emergencies	p. 295
Case histories	p. 297
EOLE project - Paris	p. 297
St. Petersburg metro	p. 305
Porto light metro	p. 312
Turin metro line 1	p. 325
SMART solution of Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)	p. 337
High speed railway line of Nodo di Bologna	p. 344
References	p. 355
Appendices	p. 363
Type and characteristics of TBMs	p. 363
TBM manufacturers from the new millennium	p. 373
Geotechnical investigations for tunnelling in urban areas	p. 379
Description of the principal elements of the 12 analytical methods for defining face-support pressure	p. 391
An example of risk management plan for a job using slurry shield	p. 403
Typical excavation procedures for EPB shield	p. 413
The Italian experiences	p. 433
Annex
Contract and construction aspects	p. 461
Glossary of terms	p. 499
Index	p. 505
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Mechanized Tunnelling in Urban Areas: Design methodology and construction control

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