Mediating in Cyprus: The Cypriot Communities and the United Nations

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ISBN: 9780714644318 | 0714644315
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 9/30/1998

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The UN peacemaking operation in Cyprus has been one of the longest of its kind, but has resulted in discarded proposals, non-papers or reports. This study investigates the Cypriot parties' views of peacemaking, to shed light on the problem, and on the theoretical debates surrounding mediation.

Acknowledgements

Preface

Introduction

Defining the Cyprus Problem

Defining the Views of Cypriot Political Parties

xvii

Explaining UN Involvement in Cyprus

xviii

The Role of UNFICYP

xxiii

The Disputants' Views, Peacemaking and the UN

xxiv

Defining the Book

xxvii

PART I: THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A Survey of Theoretical Approaches to Peacemaking

(34)

Introduction

(4)

Negotiation

(18)

International Mediation

(1)

Mediation, Power, Legitimacy and the Conflict Environment

(2)

Initiation of the Mediation Process

(3)

Impartiality

(2)

The Process of Mediation

(8)

The UN, Good Offices and Mediation

(6)

Conclusion

(6)

The Disputants' View of International Mediation

(30)

Introduction

(2)

The Basis for the Framework

(4)

The Balance of Power, Legality, Initiation and Potential Roles for the Third Party

(16)

The Third Party's Past Record, Objectives, and Resources

(2)

Perceptions of What the Third Party May Achieve

(2)

The Methods Used

(2)

The Third Party's Objectivity and Tendency towards Bias

(5)

Theory in Practice: Applications to the Case Study

(8)

PART II: THE ROOTS OF THE CONFLICT

The Historical Background to the Cyprus Problem

(20)

Introduction

(1)

The British Period: Divide et Impera 1878--1960

(7)

Events Leading Up to Independence 1950--60

(4)

1960--63: An Uneasy Peace

(6)

December 1963: Constitutional Changes and the Outbreak of Violence

(4)

Conclusion

(6)

PART III: THE VIEWS OF THE MEDIATED UPON IN THE CYPRUS CONFLICT

Establishing the Status Quo and the Formation of the Two Communities' Views of UN Involvement in Peacemaking in Cyprus 1964-74

(45)

Introduction

(1)

1954--60: From British Colony to UN Member State

(2)

1963--67: The Shaping of the Status Quo and the Development of the Disputants' Views of UN Peacemaking

(16)

Resolution 186: The Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peacemaking

(10)

The First Phase of Mediation and Reactions to the Galo Plaze Report

100

(6)

The Establishment of the Second Phase of the Peacemaking Operation: Minimal Involvement

106

(9)

1968--73: The Intercommunal Talks and a Deceptive Calm

109

(6)

1974: The United Nations in Disarray

115

(6)

The Second Wave of Turkish Troops and a Reassessment of the Parties' Views of the Mediator

118

(3)

Conclusion: The Implications of the Disputants' Views

121

(11)

A Reversal of Fortunes: The Two Communities' Views of UN Involvement in Peacemaking in Cyprus 1975--83

132

(45)

Introduction

132

(2)

1975--79: The Emergence of the Disputants' Negotiating Positions

134

(13)

The Vienna Talks: Avoiding Blame

139

(8)

A Preliminary Framework and Further Negotiations

147

(10)

1977: The First High-Level Agreement

147

(6)

1979: The Second High-Level Agreement: Delaying Tactics

153

(4)

1980--83: Deadlock and Disillusionment

157

(11)

Events Leading to the Turkish Cypriot Unilateral Declaration of Independence

162

(6)

Conclusion: The Implications of the Disputants' Views

168

(9)

Political Dominance versus Military Superiority: The Two Communities' Views of UN Involvement in Peacemaking in Cyprus, 1984 to 1994

177

(49)

Introduction

177

(1)

1984--86: Renewed Impetus: A Move towards Positive Views of the Mediator

178

(14)

More Positive Views, Decisive Secretary-General Involvement and the Failure of the Draft Agreements

182

(10)

1988--94: A Change of Focus: The Set of Ideas, Confidence-building measures and Vassilou's New Approach

192

(17)

A Return to the Old Game: Clerides's Presidency

204

(5)

Recent Developments and Current Prospects

209

(6)

Conclusion: The Implications of the Disputants' Views

215

(11)

Conclusion. An Appraisal of the Disputants' Views: UN Peacemaking in Cyprus

226

(25)

Summary

226

(6)

Lessons from the Cyprus Case: The Significance of the Disputants' Views

232

(7)

The Disputants' Views: the Search for a Solution or Devious Objectives?

239

(5)

A Framework for Cooperation

244

(7)

Appendix 1. The Zurich--London Agreements, 11 February 1959

251

(2)

Appendix 2. Makarios's Thirteen Points of 1963

253

(1)

Appendix 3. UN Security Council Resolution 186 of 4 March 1964

254

(2)

Appendix 4. UN General Assembly Resolution 3212, 1974

256

(2)

Appendix 5. High-Level Agreement, 12 February 1977

258

(1)

Appendix 6. The Ten-Point Agreement, 19 May 1979

259

(1)

Appendix 7. UN Security Council Resolution 541, 18 November 1983

260

(2)

Appendix 8. Confidence-Building Measures, 25 November 1992

262

(17)

Bibliography

263

(16)

1. Books and Articles

263

(10)

2. Primary Sources

273

(1)

3. News Sources

274

(1)

4. Interviews, Correspondence and Private Conversations

275

(4)

Index

279

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Mediating in Cyprus: The Cypriot Communities and the United Nations

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Mediating in Cyprus: The Cypriot Communities and the United Nations

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